Concomitant Expression of Prolactin Receptor and TGFβ Receptors in Breast Cancer: Association with Less Aggressive Phenotype and Favorable Patient Outcome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Immunohistochemical Analyses of Co-Expression of PRLR and TGFβ Receptors in Relation to Breast Cancer Progression
2.2. Co-Expression Levels of PRLR and TGFβ Receptors in Relation to Tumor Grade in Breast Cancer
2.3. Co-Expression Levels of PRLR and TGFβ Receptors in Relation to Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes
2.4. Higher Levels of Expression of PRLR/TGFβRI/TGFβRII Gene Signature Are Associated with Prolonged Survival in Luminal B and HER-2-Enriched Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Tissue Samples
4.2. Immunohistochemistry
4.3. Immunohistochemistry Scoring
4.4. Data Mining
4.5. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
EMT | Epithelial–mesenchymal transition |
PRLR | Prolactin receptor |
DMFS | Distant metastasis-free survival |
TNBC | Triple-negative breast cancer |
HER-2 | Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 |
TGFβ | Transforming growth factor beta |
References
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PRLR | PRLR | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TGFβRII-positive cases | Negative | Positive | % co-expression | p-value | TGFβRI-positive cases | Negative | Positive | % co-expression | p-value |
Normal vs. malignant cases | |||||||||
Normal and benign | 1 | 3 | 75% | 0.049 | 1 | 4 | 80% | 0.021 | |
Invasive Ca | 46 | 18 | 28.12% | 43 | 18 | 29.50% | |||
Histological grade | |||||||||
Grade I | 7 | 3 | 30% | 0.67 | 8 | 2 | 20% | 0.72 | |
Grade II | 29 | 10 | 25.64% | 29 | 10 | 25.6% | |||
Grade III | 11 | 2 | 15.38% | 11 | 2 | 15.38% | |||
LN involvement | |||||||||
LN-negative | 23 | 13 | 36.11% | 0.17 | 21 | 13 | 38.23% | 0.38 | |
LN-positive | 26 | 7 | 21.21% | 23 | 9 | 28.12% | |||
Tumor size | |||||||||
T1 and T2 | 22 | 9 | 29.03% | 0.76 | 21 | 9 | 30% | 0.71 | |
T3 and T4 | 26 | 9 | 25.71% | 23 | 8 | 25.80% | |||
Tumor stage | |||||||||
Stages 1 and 2 | 26 | 12 | 31.57% | 0.31 | 25 | 13 | 34.21% | 0.38 | |
Stages 3 and 4 | 23 | 6 | 20.68% | 19 | 6 | 24% | |||
Breast cancer subtype | |||||||||
Luminal | 23 | 10 | 30.3% | 0.29 | 19 | 10 | 34.48% | 0.34 | |
HER-2 | 13 | 5 | 27.77% | 13 | 5 | 27.77% | |||
TNBC | 6 | 0 | 0% | 6 | 0 | 0% |
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Hachim, I.Y.; López-Ozuna, V.M.; Hachim, M.Y.; Lebrun, J.-J.; Ali, S. Concomitant Expression of Prolactin Receptor and TGFβ Receptors in Breast Cancer: Association with Less Aggressive Phenotype and Favorable Patient Outcome. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 1640. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071640
Hachim IY, López-Ozuna VM, Hachim MY, Lebrun J-J, Ali S. Concomitant Expression of Prolactin Receptor and TGFβ Receptors in Breast Cancer: Association with Less Aggressive Phenotype and Favorable Patient Outcome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(7):1640. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071640
Chicago/Turabian StyleHachim, Ibrahim Y., Vanessa M. López-Ozuna, Mahmood Y. Hachim, Jean-Jacques Lebrun, and Suhad Ali. 2019. "Concomitant Expression of Prolactin Receptor and TGFβ Receptors in Breast Cancer: Association with Less Aggressive Phenotype and Favorable Patient Outcome" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 7: 1640. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071640