Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Enhanced Defense Responses in an Invasive Weed Compared to Its Native Congener During Pathogenesis

Manoharan, Bharani; Qi, Shan-Shan; Dhandapani, Vignesh; Chen, Qi; Rutherford, Susan; Wan, Justin SH; Jegadeesan, Sridharan; Yang, Hong-Yu; Li, Qin; Li, Jian; Dai, Zhi-Cong; Du, Dao-Lin

doi:10.3390/ijms20194916

Open AccessArticle

Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Enhanced Defense Responses in an Invasive Weed Compared to Its Native Congener During Pathogenesis

by

Bharani Manoharan

^1,2,

Shan-Shan Qi

^1,2,3,

Vignesh Dhandapani

⁴

,

Qi Chen

²,

Susan Rutherford

⁵,

Justin SH Wan

^3,5,

Sridharan Jegadeesan

⁶,

Hong-Yu Yang

²,

Qin Li

²,

Jian Li

^1,2,

Zhi-Cong Dai

^1,2,3,7,* and

Dao-Lin Du

^1,2,*

¹

Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

²

School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

³

School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

⁴

Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

⁵

The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia

⁶

The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 761001, Israel

⁷

Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China.

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(19), 4916; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194916

Submission received: 23 August 2019 / Revised: 24 September 2019 / Accepted: 1 October 2019 / Published: 3 October 2019

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Genomics 2019)

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Abstract

Invasive plants are a huge burden on the environment, and modify local ecosystems by affecting the indigenous biodiversity. Invasive plants are generally less affected by pathogens, although the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for their enhanced resistance are unknown. We investigated expression profiles of three defense hormones (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene) and their associated genes in the invasive weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides, and its native congener, A. sessilis, after inoculation with Rhizoctonia solani. Pathogenicity tests showed significantly slower disease progression in A. philoxeroides compared to A. sessilis. Expression analyses revealed jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) expressions were differentially regulated between A. philoxeroides and A. sessilis, with the former having prominent antagonistic cross-talk between salicylic acid (SA) and JA, and the latter showing weak or no cross-talk during disease development. We also found that JA levels decreased and SA levels increased during disease development in A. philoxeroides. Variations in hormonal gene expression between the invasive and native species (including interspecific differences in the strength of antagonistic cross-talk) were identified during R. solani pathogenesis. Thus, plant hormones and their cross-talk signaling may improve the resistance of invasive A. philoxeroides to pathogens, which has implications for other invasive species during the invasion process.

Keywords: invasive weed; Rhizoctonia solani; gene expression; phytohormone signaling; systemic signal; plant defense

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MDPI and ACS Style

Manoharan, B.; Qi, S.-S.; Dhandapani, V.; Chen, Q.; Rutherford, S.; Wan, J.S.; Jegadeesan, S.; Yang, H.-Y.; Li, Q.; Li, J.; et al. Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Enhanced Defense Responses in an Invasive Weed Compared to Its Native Congener During Pathogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 4916. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194916

AMA Style

Manoharan B, Qi S-S, Dhandapani V, Chen Q, Rutherford S, Wan JS, Jegadeesan S, Yang H-Y, Li Q, Li J, et al. Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Enhanced Defense Responses in an Invasive Weed Compared to Its Native Congener During Pathogenesis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(19):4916. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194916

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manoharan, Bharani, Shan-Shan Qi, Vignesh Dhandapani, Qi Chen, Susan Rutherford, Justin SH Wan, Sridharan Jegadeesan, Hong-Yu Yang, Qin Li, Jian Li, and et al. 2019. "Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Enhanced Defense Responses in an Invasive Weed Compared to Its Native Congener During Pathogenesis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19: 4916. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194916

APA Style

Manoharan, B., Qi, S.-S., Dhandapani, V., Chen, Q., Rutherford, S., Wan, J. S., Jegadeesan, S., Yang, H.-Y., Li, Q., Li, J., Dai, Z.-C., & Du, D.-L. (2019). Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Enhanced Defense Responses in an Invasive Weed Compared to Its Native Congener During Pathogenesis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(19), 4916. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194916

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Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Enhanced Defense Responses in an Invasive Weed Compared to Its Native Congener During Pathogenesis

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