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Article

Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch Extracts Prevent Bone Loss and Architectural Deterioration and Enhance Osteoblastic Bone Formation by Regulating the IGF-1/PI3K/mTOR Pathway in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

by
Wan Gong
1,2,
Naidan Zhang
3,
Gang Cheng
1,
Quanlong Zhang
1,
Yuqiong He
3,
Yi Shen
4,
Qi Zhang
4,
Bo Zhu
1,
Qiaoyan Zhang
1,3,* and
Luping Qin
1,3,*
1
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, China
2
College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
3
School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
4
School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(16), 3964; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163964
Submission received: 21 June 2019 / Revised: 10 August 2019 / Accepted: 13 August 2019 / Published: 15 August 2019
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Pharmacology)
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Abstract

Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (RR, named as Shudihuang in traditional Chinese medicine), the steamed roots of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch (Scrophulariaceae), has been demonstrated to have anti-diabetic and anti-osteoporotic activities. This study aimed to explore the protective effect and underlying mechanism of RR on diabetes-induced bone loss. It was found that RR regulated the alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin level, enhanced bone mineral density, and improved the bone microarchitecture in diabetic rats. The catalpol (CAT), acteoside (ACT), and echinacoside (ECH) from RR increased the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells injured by high glucose and promoted the production of IGF-1 and expression of related proteins in BMP and IGF-1/PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTOR) signaling pathways. The verifying tests of inhibitors of BMP pathway (noggin) and IGF-1/PI3K/mTOR pathway (picropodophyllin) and molecular docking of IGF-1R further indicated that CAT, ACT, and ECH extracted from RR enhanced bone formation by regulating IGF-1/PI3K/mTOR signaling pathways. These findings suggest that RR may prove to be a promising candidate drug for the prevention and treatment of diabetes-induced osteoporosis.
Keywords: Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch; diabetic osteoporosis; osteoblast; BMP pathway; IGF-1/PI3K/mTOR signaling pathways Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch; diabetic osteoporosis; osteoblast; BMP pathway; IGF-1/PI3K/mTOR signaling pathways
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MDPI and ACS Style

Gong, W.; Zhang, N.; Cheng, G.; Zhang, Q.; He, Y.; Shen, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Zhu, B.; Zhang, Q.; Qin, L. Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch Extracts Prevent Bone Loss and Architectural Deterioration and Enhance Osteoblastic Bone Formation by Regulating the IGF-1/PI3K/mTOR Pathway in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 3964. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163964

AMA Style

Gong W, Zhang N, Cheng G, Zhang Q, He Y, Shen Y, Zhang Q, Zhu B, Zhang Q, Qin L. Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch Extracts Prevent Bone Loss and Architectural Deterioration and Enhance Osteoblastic Bone Formation by Regulating the IGF-1/PI3K/mTOR Pathway in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(16):3964. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163964

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gong, Wan, Naidan Zhang, Gang Cheng, Quanlong Zhang, Yuqiong He, Yi Shen, Qi Zhang, Bo Zhu, Qiaoyan Zhang, and Luping Qin. 2019. "Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch Extracts Prevent Bone Loss and Architectural Deterioration and Enhance Osteoblastic Bone Formation by Regulating the IGF-1/PI3K/mTOR Pathway in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 16: 3964. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163964

APA Style

Gong, W., Zhang, N., Cheng, G., Zhang, Q., He, Y., Shen, Y., Zhang, Q., Zhu, B., Zhang, Q., & Qin, L. (2019). Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch Extracts Prevent Bone Loss and Architectural Deterioration and Enhance Osteoblastic Bone Formation by Regulating the IGF-1/PI3K/mTOR Pathway in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(16), 3964. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163964

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