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Article

Comparison on Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Defense Systems in Wheat with Different Ploidy Levels and Octoploid Triticale

by
Haotian Mao
1,†,
Mengying Chen
1,†,
Yanqiu Su
2,†,
Nan Wu
1,
Ming Yuan
1,
Shu Yuan
3,
Marian Brestic
4,
Marek Zivcak
4,
Huaiyu Zhang
1,* and
Yanger Chen
1,*
1
College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
2
College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610061, China
3
College of Resources Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
4
Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19(10), 3006; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103006
Submission received: 5 August 2018 / Revised: 15 September 2018 / Accepted: 25 September 2018 / Published: 2 October 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photosynthesis)
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Abstract

To investigate the evolutionary differences of wheat with different ploidy levels and octoploid Triticale, photosynthetic capacity, and antioxidant defenses system were compared within and between diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat, and octoploid Triticale seedlings. The results showed that seed germination rate, chlorophyll content, and photochemical activity of photosystems, and the activities of antioxidative enzymes in hexaploid wheat and octoploid Triticale were significantly higher than in diploid and tetraploid wheat. Compared to other two wheat species and octoploid Triticale, hexaploid wheat presented lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, we found that the levels of photosystem II reaction center protein D1, light-harvesting complex II b4 (CP29), and D subunit of photosystem I (PsaD) in diploid wheat were significantly lower compared with hexaploid wheat and octoploid Triticale. Taken together, we concluded that hexaploid wheat and octoploid Triticale have higher photosynthetic capacities and better antioxidant systems. These findings indicate that different ploidy levels of chromosome probably play an important regulatory role in photosystems and antioxidative systems of plants.
Keywords: photosynthetic characteristics; antioxidative enzymes; wheat; polyploidy; photosystems; chlorophyll fluorescence photosynthetic characteristics; antioxidative enzymes; wheat; polyploidy; photosystems; chlorophyll fluorescence
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MDPI and ACS Style

Mao, H.; Chen, M.; Su, Y.; Wu, N.; Yuan, M.; Yuan, S.; Brestic, M.; Zivcak, M.; Zhang, H.; Chen, Y. Comparison on Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Defense Systems in Wheat with Different Ploidy Levels and Octoploid Triticale. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 3006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103006

AMA Style

Mao H, Chen M, Su Y, Wu N, Yuan M, Yuan S, Brestic M, Zivcak M, Zhang H, Chen Y. Comparison on Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Defense Systems in Wheat with Different Ploidy Levels and Octoploid Triticale. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(10):3006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103006

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mao, Haotian, Mengying Chen, Yanqiu Su, Nan Wu, Ming Yuan, Shu Yuan, Marian Brestic, Marek Zivcak, Huaiyu Zhang, and Yanger Chen. 2018. "Comparison on Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Defense Systems in Wheat with Different Ploidy Levels and Octoploid Triticale" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10: 3006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103006

APA Style

Mao, H., Chen, M., Su, Y., Wu, N., Yuan, M., Yuan, S., Brestic, M., Zivcak, M., Zhang, H., & Chen, Y. (2018). Comparison on Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Defense Systems in Wheat with Different Ploidy Levels and Octoploid Triticale. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(10), 3006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103006

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