Independent Preharvest Applications of Methyl Jasmonate and Chitosan Elicit Differential Upregulation of Defense-Related Genes with Reduced Incidence of Gray Mold Decay during Postharvest Storage of Fragaria chiloensis Fruit
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Postharvest Decay Incidence of Gray Mold in F. chiloensis Fruit Is Lower in MeJA Than Chitosan-Treated Fruit
2.2. Priming Effect of MeJA and Chitosan on Chilean Strawberry Fruit
2.3. Differential Upregulation of Defense-Related Genes by MeJA or Chitosan during Postharvest Storage of F. chiloensis Fruit
2.3.1. Expression Profiles for β-1,3-glucanases (BGs) and Chitinases (CHIs) Genes
2.3.2. Expression Profiles for the Polygalacturonase Inhibiting Proteins (PGIPs) Genes
2.3.3. MeJA and Chitosan Upregulate FcBGs and FcPGIPs which Correlate with Reduction of B. cinerea Incidence in F. Chiloensis Fruit
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Material, Treatments, and Fruit Quality Assessments
3.2. Botrytis cinerea Isolates and Aggressiveness Assay
3.3. Botrytis cinerea Inoculations in Postharvest Conditions
3.4. Analysis of Incidence and Gene Expression Analysis
3.5. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BG | β-1,3-glucanase |
CHI | Chitinase |
CTAB | Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide |
GAPDH | Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
JA | Jasmonic acid |
JAs | Jasmonates |
ISR | Induced systemic resistance |
MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
MeJA | Methyl jasmonate |
PDA | Potato dextrose agar |
PGIP | Polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein |
PR | Pathogenesis-related protein |
SAR | Systemic acquired resistance |
SSC | Soluble solids concentration |
SDW | Sterile distilled water |
RT-qPCR | Quantitative reverse transcription PCR |
TA | Titratable acidity |
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Treatment 2 | Inoculation 2 | Hours Post Inoculation (hpi) 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 2 | 24 | 48 | 72 | ||
Control | –Bc | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 | 67 |
Chitosan | –Bc | 0 | 0 | 33 | 67 | 67 |
MeJA | –Bc | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
Control | +Bc | 0 | 0 | 33 | 100 | 100 |
Chitosan | +Bc | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 | 67 |
MeJA | +Bc | 0 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 33 |
Gene 2 | Accession No. 1 | Protein Family 3 | Strawberry Gene ID or Standardized Gene Name 3 | Forward Primer | Reverse Primer | Amplicon Size (pb) | Efficiency (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BG2-1 | AY170375 | PR2 | FaBG2-1 | CTAAATATCTTCTTCCTGCCATA | AATGTTGTATCTATTGCTGTT | 101 | 103 |
BG2-2 | AY989818 | PR2 | FaBG2-2 | ACCGGGACTCCCAAGAGACCAAATG | TGTGAGCCTGCACTAGCCAAAGGTG | 162 | 86 |
BG2-3 | AY989819 | PR2 | FaBG2-3 | TCCGAGAGTGGTTGGCCATCTGAAG | TCCATTTGGTCTCTTCGGAGTCCCG | 117 | 101 |
CHI2-2 | AF320111 | PR3 | FaCHI2-2 | GCACAACAGGTGATGTTGC | GTAATGACGTCGTGGCTTGA | 183 | 100 |
CHI3-1 | AF134347 | PR8 | FaCHI3-1 | AGGTCTTCTTAGGACTCCCTG | CTTGGACCAAAGCATGACACCGCC | 134 | 81 |
PGIP1 | EU117215 | PGIP | FrveA6 PGIP | TGCTAGAATTCGATCTGTCCAAGG | ATTATCCAATTGGGTCAACTGCTC | 113 | 103 |
PGIP2 | EU117213 | PGIP | FaPGIP-1.8 | TCCTCATGGAAATCCGACGCCGAC | ACCTGTGAGATTGGGGAGCTTGCG | 189 | 101 |
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Saavedra, G.M.; Sanfuentes, E.; Figueroa, P.M.; Figueroa, C.R. Independent Preharvest Applications of Methyl Jasmonate and Chitosan Elicit Differential Upregulation of Defense-Related Genes with Reduced Incidence of Gray Mold Decay during Postharvest Storage of Fragaria chiloensis Fruit. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18071420
Saavedra GM, Sanfuentes E, Figueroa PM, Figueroa CR. Independent Preharvest Applications of Methyl Jasmonate and Chitosan Elicit Differential Upregulation of Defense-Related Genes with Reduced Incidence of Gray Mold Decay during Postharvest Storage of Fragaria chiloensis Fruit. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(7):1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18071420
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaavedra, Gabriela M., Eugenio Sanfuentes, Pablo M. Figueroa, and Carlos R. Figueroa. 2017. "Independent Preharvest Applications of Methyl Jasmonate and Chitosan Elicit Differential Upregulation of Defense-Related Genes with Reduced Incidence of Gray Mold Decay during Postharvest Storage of Fragaria chiloensis Fruit" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 7: 1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18071420