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Article

Liver Fat Measured by MR Spectroscopy: Estimate of Imprecision and Relationship with Serum Glycerol, Caeruloplasmin and Non-Esterified Fatty Acids

by
Michael France
1,*,
See Kwok
2,
Handrean Soran
3,
Steve Williams
4,
Jan Hoong Ho
3,*,
Safwaan Adam
4,
Dexter Canoy
5,
Yifen Liu
6 and
Paul N. Durrington
6
1
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cobbett House, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
2
Cardiovascular Trials Unit, The Old St Mary’s Hospital, Hathersage Road, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
3
Department of Medicine, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
4
Department of Imaging Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
5
Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
6
School of Biomedicine, 3rd floor, Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17(7), 1089; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071089
Submission received: 21 May 2016 / Revised: 28 June 2016 / Accepted: 30 June 2016 / Published: 8 July 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research 2016)
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Abstract

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive method for quantitative estimation of liver fat. Knowledge of its imprecision, which comprises biological variability and measurement error, is required to design therapeutic trials with measurement of change. The role of adipocyte lipolysis in ectopic fat accumulation remains unclear. We examined the relationship between liver fat content and indices of lipolysis, and determine whether lipolysis reflects insulin resistance or metabolic liver disease. Imprecision of measurement of liver fat was estimated from duplicate measurements by MRS at one month intervals. Patients provided fasting blood samples and we examined the correlation of liver fat with indices of insulin resistance, lipolysis and metabolic liver disease using Kendall Tau statistics. The coefficient of variation of liver fat content was 14.8%. Liver fat was positively related to serum insulin (T = 0.48, p = 0.042), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-B% (T = −0.48, p = 0.042), and body mass index (BMI) (T = 0.59, p = 0.012); and inversely related to HOMA-S% (T = −0.48, p = 0.042), serum glycerol (T = −0.59, p = 0.014), and serum caeruloplasmin (T = 0.055, p = 0.047). Our estimate of total variability in liver fat content (14.8%) is nearly twice that of the reported procedural variability (8.5%). We found that liver fat content was significantly inversely related to serum glycerol but not to non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), suggesting progressive suppression of lipolysis. Reduction of caeruloplasmin with increasing liver fat may be a consequence or a cause of hepatic steatosis.
Keywords: fatty liver; NEFA; glycerol; lipolysis; insulin; magnetic resonance spectroscopy fatty liver; NEFA; glycerol; lipolysis; insulin; magnetic resonance spectroscopy
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MDPI and ACS Style

France, M.; Kwok, S.; Soran, H.; Williams, S.; Ho, J.H.; Adam, S.; Canoy, D.; Liu, Y.; Durrington, P.N. Liver Fat Measured by MR Spectroscopy: Estimate of Imprecision and Relationship with Serum Glycerol, Caeruloplasmin and Non-Esterified Fatty Acids. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071089

AMA Style

France M, Kwok S, Soran H, Williams S, Ho JH, Adam S, Canoy D, Liu Y, Durrington PN. Liver Fat Measured by MR Spectroscopy: Estimate of Imprecision and Relationship with Serum Glycerol, Caeruloplasmin and Non-Esterified Fatty Acids. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(7):1089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071089

Chicago/Turabian Style

France, Michael, See Kwok, Handrean Soran, Steve Williams, Jan Hoong Ho, Safwaan Adam, Dexter Canoy, Yifen Liu, and Paul N. Durrington. 2016. "Liver Fat Measured by MR Spectroscopy: Estimate of Imprecision and Relationship with Serum Glycerol, Caeruloplasmin and Non-Esterified Fatty Acids" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 7: 1089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071089

APA Style

France, M., Kwok, S., Soran, H., Williams, S., Ho, J. H., Adam, S., Canoy, D., Liu, Y., & Durrington, P. N. (2016). Liver Fat Measured by MR Spectroscopy: Estimate of Imprecision and Relationship with Serum Glycerol, Caeruloplasmin and Non-Esterified Fatty Acids. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(7), 1089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071089

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