Mitochondria as Key Targets of Cardioprotection in Cardiac Ischemic Disease: Role of Thyroid Hormone Triiodothyronine

Forini, Francesca; Nicolini, Giuseppina; Iervasi, Giorgio

doi:10.3390/ijms16036312

Open AccessReview

Mitochondria as Key Targets of Cardioprotection in Cardiac Ischemic Disease: Role of Thyroid Hormone Triiodothyronine

by

Francesca Forini

^1,*,

Giuseppina Nicolini

^1,2 and

Giorgio Iervasi

¹

CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy

²

Tuscany Region G. Monasterio Foundation, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16(3), 6312-6336; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16036312

Submission received: 21 January 2015 / Revised: 10 March 2015 / Accepted: 12 March 2015 / Published: 19 March 2015

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Ageing and Diseases)

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Abstract

Ischemic heart disease is the major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Early reperfusion after acute myocardial ischemia has reduced short-term mortality, but it is also responsible for additional myocardial damage, which in the long run favors adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure evolution. A growing body of experimental and clinical evidence show that the mitochondrion is an essential end effector of ischemia/ reperfusion injury and a major trigger of cell death in the acute ischemic phase (up to 48–72 h after the insult), the subacute phase (from 72 h to 7–10 days) and chronic stage (from 10–14 days to one month after the insult). As such, in recent years scientific efforts have focused on mitochondria as a target for cardioprotective strategies in ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy. The present review discusses recent advances in this field, with special emphasis on the emerging role of the biologically active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3).

Keywords: cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury; low T3 syndrome; mitochondrial dysfunction; cardioprotection

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Forini, F.; Nicolini, G.; Iervasi, G. Mitochondria as Key Targets of Cardioprotection in Cardiac Ischemic Disease: Role of Thyroid Hormone Triiodothyronine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 6312-6336. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16036312

AMA Style

Forini F, Nicolini G, Iervasi G. Mitochondria as Key Targets of Cardioprotection in Cardiac Ischemic Disease: Role of Thyroid Hormone Triiodothyronine. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015; 16(3):6312-6336. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16036312

Chicago/Turabian Style

Forini, Francesca, Giuseppina Nicolini, and Giorgio Iervasi. 2015. "Mitochondria as Key Targets of Cardioprotection in Cardiac Ischemic Disease: Role of Thyroid Hormone Triiodothyronine" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 3: 6312-6336. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16036312

APA Style

Forini, F., Nicolini, G., & Iervasi, G. (2015). Mitochondria as Key Targets of Cardioprotection in Cardiac Ischemic Disease: Role of Thyroid Hormone Triiodothyronine. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16(3), 6312-6336. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16036312

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Mitochondria as Key Targets of Cardioprotection in Cardiac Ischemic Disease: Role of Thyroid Hormone Triiodothyronine

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