Site-Specific PEGylation of Therapeutic Proteins
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
2
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Qiang "Shawn" Chen
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16(10), 25831-25864; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161025831
Received: 27 August 2015
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Revised: 19 October 2015
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Accepted: 20 October 2015
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Published: 28 October 2015
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Protein Engineering)
The use of proteins as therapeutics has a long history and is becoming ever more common in modern medicine. While the number of protein-based drugs is growing every year, significant problems still remain with their use. Among these problems are rapid degradation and excretion from patients, thus requiring frequent dosing, which in turn increases the chances for an immunological response as well as increasing the cost of therapy. One of the main strategies to alleviate these problems is to link a polyethylene glycol (PEG) group to the protein of interest. This process, called PEGylation, has grown dramatically in recent years resulting in several approved drugs. Installing a single PEG chain at a defined site in a protein is challenging. Recently, there is has been considerable research into various methods for the site-specific PEGylation of proteins. This review seeks to summarize that work and provide background and context for how site-specific PEGylation is performed. After introducing the topic of site-specific PEGylation, recent developments using chemical methods are described. That is followed by a more extensive discussion of bioorthogonal reactions and enzymatic labeling.
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Keywords:
chemical modification; enzymatic modification; PEGylation; protein PEGylation; site specific modification; therapeutic proteins
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
MDPI and ACS Style
Dozier, J.K.; Distefano, M.D. Site-Specific PEGylation of Therapeutic Proteins. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 25831-25864. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161025831
AMA Style
Dozier JK, Distefano MD. Site-Specific PEGylation of Therapeutic Proteins. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015; 16(10):25831-25864. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161025831
Chicago/Turabian StyleDozier, Jonathan K., and Mark D. Distefano. 2015. "Site-Specific PEGylation of Therapeutic Proteins" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 10: 25831-25864. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161025831
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