New Peptide-Conjugated Chlorin-Type Photosensitizer Targeting Neuropilin-1 for Anti-Vascular Targeted Photodynamic Therapy
by
Ezatul Ezleen Kamarulzaman 1,2,3, Amirah Mohd Gazzali 1,2,3, Samir Acherar 1,2, Céline Frochot 4,5, Muriel Barberi-Heyob 6,7, Cédric Boura 6,7, Patrick Chaimbault 8,9
, Estelle Sibille 10, Habibah A. Wahab 3 and Régis Vanderesse 1,2,*
Ezatul Ezleen Kamarulzaman 1,2,3, Amirah Mohd Gazzali 1,2,3, Samir Acherar 1,2, Céline Frochot 4,5, Muriel Barberi-Heyob 6,7, Cédric Boura 6,7, Patrick Chaimbault 8,9, Estelle Sibille 10, Habibah A. Wahab 3 and Régis Vanderesse 1,2,*
1
LCPM UMR 7375, CNRS, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451-54001 Nancy Cedex, France
2
LCPM, UMR 7375, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451-54001 Nancy Cedex, France
3
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
4
LRGP, UMR 7274, CNRS, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451-54001 Nancy Cedex, France
5
LRGP, UMR 7274, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451-54001 Nancy Cedex, France
6
CRAN, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, BP 70239-54506 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France
7
CRAN, UMR 7039, CNRS, Campus Sciences, BP 70239-54506 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France
8
SRSMC, UMR 7565 ICPM, Université de Lorraine, 1 boulevard Arago, 57078 Metz Cedex 3, France
9
SRSMC, UMR 7565 ICPM, CNRS, 1 boulevard Arago, 57078 Metz Cedex 3, France
10
LCP-A2MC, EA 4632, ICPM, 1 boulevard Arago, 57078 Metz Cedex 3, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Michael R. Hamblin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16(10), 24059-24080; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161024059
Received: 23 July 2015 / Revised: 10 September 2015 / Accepted: 23 September 2015 / Published: 12 October 2015
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Photodynamic Therapy)
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment modality that requires three components, namely light, dioxygen and a photosensitizing agent. After light excitation, the photosensitizer (PS) in its excited state transfers its energy to oxygen, which leads to photooxidation reactions. In order to improve the selectivity of the treatment, research has focused on the design of PS covalently attached to a tumor-targeting moiety. In this paper, we describe the synthesis and the physico-chemical and photophysical properties of six new peptide-conjugated photosensitizers designed for targeting the neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) receptor. We chose a TPC (5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15, 20-triphenyl chlorine as photosensitizer, coupled via three different spacers (aminohexanoic acid, 1-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid, and 1-amino-9-aza-3,6,12,15-tetraoxa-10-on-heptadecanoic acid) to two different peptides (DKPPR and TKPRR). The affinity towards the NRP-1 receptor of the conjugated chlorins was evaluated along with in vitro and in vivo stability levels. The tissue concentration of the TPC-conjugates in animal model shows good distribution, especially for the DKPPR conjugates. The novel peptide–PS conjugates proposed in this study were proven to have potential to be further developed as future NRP-1 targeting photodynamic therapy agent.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Kamarulzaman, E.E.; Gazzali, A.M.; Acherar, S.; Frochot, C.; Barberi-Heyob, M.; Boura, C.; Chaimbault, P.; Sibille, E.; Wahab, H.A.; Vanderesse, R. New Peptide-Conjugated Chlorin-Type Photosensitizer Targeting Neuropilin-1 for Anti-Vascular Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 24059-24080.
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