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Review

The Potential of Adaptive Design in Animal Studies

by
Arshad Majid
1,*,
Ok-Nam Bae
2,
Jessica Redgrave
1,
Dawn Teare
3,
Ali Ali
1 and
Daniel Zemke
1
1
Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
2
College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Korea
3
School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16(10), 24048-24058; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161024048
Submission received: 1 September 2015 / Revised: 23 September 2015 / Accepted: 27 September 2015 / Published: 12 October 2015
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroprotective Strategies 2022)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Clinical trials are the backbone of medical research, and are often the last step in the development of new therapies for use in patients. Prior to human testing, however, preclinical studies using animal subjects are usually performed in order to provide initial data on the safety and effectiveness of prospective treatments. These studies can be costly and time consuming, and may also raise concerns about the ethical treatment of animals when potentially harmful procedures are involved. Adaptive design is a process by which the methods used in a study may be altered while it is being conducted in response to preliminary data or other new information. Adaptive design has been shown to be useful in reducing the time and costs associated with clinical trials, and may provide similar benefits in preclinical animal studies. The purpose of this review is to summarize various aspects of adaptive design and evaluate its potential for use in preclinical research.
Keywords: adaptive design; animal studies; preclinical research adaptive design; animal studies; preclinical research

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MDPI and ACS Style

Majid, A.; Bae, O.-N.; Redgrave, J.; Teare, D.; Ali, A.; Zemke, D. The Potential of Adaptive Design in Animal Studies. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 24048-24058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161024048

AMA Style

Majid A, Bae O-N, Redgrave J, Teare D, Ali A, Zemke D. The Potential of Adaptive Design in Animal Studies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015; 16(10):24048-24058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161024048

Chicago/Turabian Style

Majid, Arshad, Ok-Nam Bae, Jessica Redgrave, Dawn Teare, Ali Ali, and Daniel Zemke. 2015. "The Potential of Adaptive Design in Animal Studies" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 10: 24048-24058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161024048

APA Style

Majid, A., Bae, O.-N., Redgrave, J., Teare, D., Ali, A., & Zemke, D. (2015). The Potential of Adaptive Design in Animal Studies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16(10), 24048-24058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161024048

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