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Review

Emerging Roles for Intersectin (ITSN) in Regulating Signaling and Disease Pathways

by
Michael P. Hunter
,
Angela Russo
and
John P. O'Bryan
*
Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois Cancer Center, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14(4), 7829-7852; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14047829
Submission received: 19 February 2013 / Revised: 2 April 2013 / Accepted: 3 April 2013 / Published: 10 April 2013
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Signalling Molecules and Signal Transduction in Cells)
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Abstract

Intersectins (ITSNs) represent a family of multi-domain adaptor proteins that regulate endocytosis and cell signaling. ITSN genes are highly conserved and present in all metazoan genomes examined thus far. Lower eukaryotes have only one ITSN gene, whereas higher eukaryotes have two ITSN genes. ITSN was first identified as an endocytic scaffold protein, and numerous studies reveal a conserved role for ITSN in endocytosis. Subsequently, ITSNs were found to regulate multiple signaling pathways including receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), GTPases, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Class 2beta (PI3KC2β). ITSN has also been implicated in diseases such as Down Syndrome (DS), Alzheimer Disease (AD), and other neurodegenerative disorders. This review summarizes the evolutionary conservation of ITSN, the latest research on the role of ITSN in endocytosis, the emerging roles of ITSN in regulating cell signaling pathways, and the involvement of ITSN in human diseases such as DS, AD, and cancer.
Keywords: Intersectin; endocytosis; cell signaling; Ras; PI3KC2β; Down Syndrome; Alzheimer Disease; cancer; neuroblastoma; glioblastoma Intersectin; endocytosis; cell signaling; Ras; PI3KC2β; Down Syndrome; Alzheimer Disease; cancer; neuroblastoma; glioblastoma

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hunter, M.P.; Russo, A.; O'Bryan, J.P. Emerging Roles for Intersectin (ITSN) in Regulating Signaling and Disease Pathways. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 7829-7852. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14047829

AMA Style

Hunter MP, Russo A, O'Bryan JP. Emerging Roles for Intersectin (ITSN) in Regulating Signaling and Disease Pathways. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2013; 14(4):7829-7852. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14047829

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hunter, Michael P., Angela Russo, and John P. O'Bryan. 2013. "Emerging Roles for Intersectin (ITSN) in Regulating Signaling and Disease Pathways" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14, no. 4: 7829-7852. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14047829

APA Style

Hunter, M. P., Russo, A., & O'Bryan, J. P. (2013). Emerging Roles for Intersectin (ITSN) in Regulating Signaling and Disease Pathways. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14(4), 7829-7852. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14047829

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