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Article

Comparative Studies on Synthesis Methods of BiVO4 for Photoelectrochemical Applications

by
Dominik Caus
1,2,
Katarzyna Berent
2,
Krzysztof Mech
2,
Andrii Naumov
2,
Marianna Marciszko-Wiąckowska
2 and
Agnieszka Podborska
2,*
1
Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
2
Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2025, 30(18), 3818; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30183818
Submission received: 12 August 2025 / Revised: 15 September 2025 / Accepted: 15 September 2025 / Published: 19 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Photochemistry and Photocatalysis—2nd Edition)
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Abstract

In this work, we report optical and photoelectrochemical properties of BiVO4 synthesized by microwave, sonochemical, sol–gel, and direct deposition on conductive substrate methods. Structural and morphological characterization using XRD, SEM, and AFM confirmed the presence of both monoclinic and tetragonal phases, with variations in particle size and surface roughness. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed band gaps in the range of 2.38–2.51 eV. Photoelectrochemical performance was evaluated through measurements of photocurrents under varying illumination wavelengths and applied potentials. BiVO4 as a thin film exhibited the highest photocurrent intensity due to its superior semiconductor–substrate contact. In contrast, BiVO4 samples obtained as a powder showed significantly lower photocurrents but demonstrated the photocurrent switching effects, attributed to the presence of surface trap states and oxygen vacancies. The obtained results highlight the importance of synthesis strategy in tailoring BiVO4 properties for use as a photoelectrochemical cell and suggest potential applications in molecular electronics, such as logic gates and memory devices.
Keywords: BiVO4; photoelectrochemistry; photocatalysis; PEPS effect BiVO4; photoelectrochemistry; photocatalysis; PEPS effect
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MDPI and ACS Style

Caus, D.; Berent, K.; Mech, K.; Naumov, A.; Marciszko-Wiąckowska, M.; Podborska, A. Comparative Studies on Synthesis Methods of BiVO4 for Photoelectrochemical Applications. Molecules 2025, 30, 3818. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30183818

AMA Style

Caus D, Berent K, Mech K, Naumov A, Marciszko-Wiąckowska M, Podborska A. Comparative Studies on Synthesis Methods of BiVO4 for Photoelectrochemical Applications. Molecules. 2025; 30(18):3818. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30183818

Chicago/Turabian Style

Caus, Dominik, Katarzyna Berent, Krzysztof Mech, Andrii Naumov, Marianna Marciszko-Wiąckowska, and Agnieszka Podborska. 2025. "Comparative Studies on Synthesis Methods of BiVO4 for Photoelectrochemical Applications" Molecules 30, no. 18: 3818. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30183818

APA Style

Caus, D., Berent, K., Mech, K., Naumov, A., Marciszko-Wiąckowska, M., & Podborska, A. (2025). Comparative Studies on Synthesis Methods of BiVO4 for Photoelectrochemical Applications. Molecules, 30(18), 3818. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30183818

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