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Article

Total Synthesis of Cardenolides Acospectoside A and Acovenoside B

by
Benzhang Liu
1,2,
Peng Xu
1,2,* and
Biao Yu
1,2,*
1
School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2025, 30(11), 2297; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112297
Submission received: 8 May 2025 / Revised: 21 May 2025 / Accepted: 21 May 2025 / Published: 23 May 2025

Abstract

Acospectoside A (1) and acovenoside B (2), two cytotoxic cardenolides extracted from the venomous South African bush Acokanthera oppositifolia, are distinguished by their unique structural motifs of the l-acovenose moiety at C-3 and a 1β-O-acetylated cardenolide aglycone. Here, we report the synthesis of these cardiac glycosides featuring delicate introductions of the 1-O-acetyl group under acid-catalyzed conditions, 14β-OH by Mukaiyama hydration, and a C17-butenolide moiety by Stille coupling.
Keywords: cardiac glycoside; total synthesis; cardenolides; glycosylation cardiac glycoside; total synthesis; cardenolides; glycosylation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, B.; Xu, P.; Yu, B. Total Synthesis of Cardenolides Acospectoside A and Acovenoside B. Molecules 2025, 30, 2297. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112297

AMA Style

Liu B, Xu P, Yu B. Total Synthesis of Cardenolides Acospectoside A and Acovenoside B. Molecules. 2025; 30(11):2297. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112297

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Benzhang, Peng Xu, and Biao Yu. 2025. "Total Synthesis of Cardenolides Acospectoside A and Acovenoside B" Molecules 30, no. 11: 2297. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112297

APA Style

Liu, B., Xu, P., & Yu, B. (2025). Total Synthesis of Cardenolides Acospectoside A and Acovenoside B. Molecules, 30(11), 2297. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112297

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