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Article

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds from Three Endemic Iris Taxa: Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction vs. Hydrodistillation

by
Maja Friščić
1,
Željan Maleš
1,
Ivanka Maleš
2,
Ivan Duka
1,3,
Ani Radonić
4,
Božena Mitić
5,
Dario Hruševar
5,
Sandra Jurić
6 and
Igor Jerković
4,*
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ante Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
2
Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2A, 21 000 Split, Croatia
3
Medical School Karlovac, Dr Andrije Štampara 5, 47 000 Karlovac, Croatia
4
Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Split Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21 000 Split, Croatia
5
Division of Botany, Department of Biology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Marulićev trg 9a, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
6
Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ante Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2024, 29(17), 4107; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174107
Submission received: 5 August 2024 / Revised: 22 August 2024 / Accepted: 27 August 2024 / Published: 29 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Flavours and Fragrances)
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Abstract

Iris taxa are sources of valuable essential oils obtained from aged rhizomes used by various industries, including pharmacy, cosmetic, perfume, and food industry, in which irones are the most important aroma components. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) obtained from dried rhizomes of three endemics from Croatia, Iris pseudopallida, I. illyrica, and I. adriatica, were studied. The VOCs were isolated by three different methods: headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS–SPME) using divinylbenzene/carboxene/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) fiber or polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber, and hydrodistillation (HD). The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In five out of six samples, the main compounds detected by HS–SPME were perilla aldehyde, butan-2,3-diol, acetic acid, 2-phenylethanol, benzyl alcohol, hexanal, and nonanal, while 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one, trans-caryophyllene, and ethanol were common for all studied samples. The former VOCs were absent from the oldest, irone-rich I. pseudopallida sample, mainly characterized by cis-α-irone (43.74–45.76%). When using HD, its content was reduced (24.70%), while docosane prevailed (45.79%). HD yielded predominantly fatty acids, including myristic, common for all studied taxa (4.20–97.01%), and linoleic (40.69%) and palmitic (35.48%) as the major VOCs of I. adriatica EO. The performed GC–MS analyses of EOs, in combination with HS–SPME/GC–MS, proved to be useful for gaining a better insight into Iris VOCs.
Keywords: Iris adriatica; Iris illyrica; Iris pseudopallida; essential oil; scent components; fragrance components; irones; orris root; orris butter; myristic acid Iris adriatica; Iris illyrica; Iris pseudopallida; essential oil; scent components; fragrance components; irones; orris root; orris butter; myristic acid
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MDPI and ACS Style

Friščić, M.; Maleš, Ž.; Maleš, I.; Duka, I.; Radonić, A.; Mitić, B.; Hruševar, D.; Jurić, S.; Jerković, I. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds from Three Endemic Iris Taxa: Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction vs. Hydrodistillation. Molecules 2024, 29, 4107. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174107

AMA Style

Friščić M, Maleš Ž, Maleš I, Duka I, Radonić A, Mitić B, Hruševar D, Jurić S, Jerković I. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds from Three Endemic Iris Taxa: Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction vs. Hydrodistillation. Molecules. 2024; 29(17):4107. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174107

Chicago/Turabian Style

Friščić, Maja, Željan Maleš, Ivanka Maleš, Ivan Duka, Ani Radonić, Božena Mitić, Dario Hruševar, Sandra Jurić, and Igor Jerković. 2024. "Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds from Three Endemic Iris Taxa: Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction vs. Hydrodistillation" Molecules 29, no. 17: 4107. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174107

APA Style

Friščić, M., Maleš, Ž., Maleš, I., Duka, I., Radonić, A., Mitić, B., Hruševar, D., Jurić, S., & Jerković, I. (2024). Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds from Three Endemic Iris Taxa: Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction vs. Hydrodistillation. Molecules, 29(17), 4107. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174107

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