Simultaneous Determination of Sulfonamides Antibiotics in Environmental Water and Seafood Samples Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Optimization of UA-DLLME Conditions
2.1.1. Effect of the Type and Volume of Extractant
2.1.2. Effect of the Type and Volume of Dispersant
2.1.3. Effect of Sample Solution pH
2.1.4. Effect of Ionic Strength
2.1.5. Effect of Redissolved Solvent
2.2. Method Performance of the UA-DLLME-HPLC-DAD
2.3. Evaluation of Matrix Effect
2.4. Application of the UA-DLLME-HPLC-DAD Method to Seawater and Seafood Samples
2.5. Method Performance Comparison for SAs Determination
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemicals and Reagents
3.2. Instrument and Conditions
3.3. Preparation of Standard Solutions and Real Samples
3.3.1. Standard Solutions
3.3.2. Water Samples
3.3.3. Seafood Samples
3.4. UA-DLLME Procedure
3.4.1. Water Samples
3.4.2. Seafood Samples
3.5. Matrix Effect
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Samples | SAs | Regression Equation | r | Linear Range b (μg/L) | LOD c (μg/L) | LOQ c (μg/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seawater d | SCT | y = 0.1655x − 3.065 | 0.9999 | 10–5000 | 7.1 | 23.7 |
SMR | y = 0.3094x − 8.400 | 0.9999 | 10–5000 | 4.9 | 16.2 | |
SPD | y = 0.2640x − 7.800 | 0.9999 | 10–5000 | 7.8 | 26.0 | |
SDZ | y = 0.3700x − 7.566 | 0.9999 | 10–5000 | 4.0 | 13.3 | |
SMM | y = 0.3571x − 2.507 | 0.9999 | 5–5000 | 1.9 | 6.5 | |
SMX | y = 0.4526x − 3.949 | 0.9999 | 5–5000 | 1.4 | 4.8 | |
SDM | y = 0.5507x − 10.243 | 0.9999 | 5–5000 | 1.3 | 4.3 | |
Pomfret e | SCT | y = 0.2153x − 5.394 | 0.9999 | 10–5000 | 5.0 | 16.6 |
SMR | y = 0.2891x − 1.241 | 0.9999 | 10–5000 | 4.2 | 14.0 | |
SPD | y = 0.2405x − 0.614 | 0.9999 | 10–5000 | 5.9 | 19.6 | |
SDZ | y = 0.3138x − 7.041 | 0.9999 | 10–5000 | 3.3 | 11.0 | |
SMM | y = 0.3541x − 0.713 | 0.9999 | 5–5000 | 1.6 | 5.3 | |
SMX | y = 0.4428x − 0.734 | 0.9999 | 5–5000 | 1.4 | 4.5 | |
SDM | y = 0.5064x + 1.959 | 0.9999 | 5–5000 | 0.9 | 3.2 |
SAs | Spiked (μg/L) | Seawater | Pomfret | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Found (μg/L) | Recovery (%) | RSD (%) | Found (μg/L) | Recovery (%) | RSD (%) | ||
SCT | 0 | ND b | - | - | ND | - | - |
50 | 47 | 94.0 | 3.5 | 50 | 100.0 | 2.1 | |
500 | 510 | 102.0 | 1.9 | 481 | 96.2 | 2.2 | |
5000 | 4964 | 99.3 | 0.5 | 5002 | 100.0 | 2.5 | |
SMR | 0 | ND | - | - | ND | - | - |
50 | 51 | 102.0 | 3.7 | 48 | 96 | 3.4 | |
500 | 494 | 98.8 | 1.7 | 511 | 102.2 | 3.1 | |
5000 | 5001 | 100.0 | 0.2 | 4998 | 100.0 | 3.2 | |
SPD | 0 | ND | - | - | ND | - | - |
50 | 51 | 102.0 | 1.9 | 52 | 104.0 | 8.1 | |
500 | 496 | 99.2 | 1.7 | 493 | 98.6 | 2.8 | |
5000 | 5001 | 100.0 | 0.3 | 4999 | 100.0 | 2.8 | |
SDZ | 0 | ND | - | - | ND | - | - |
50 | 42 | 84.0 | 3.0 | 41 | 81.1 | 4.9 | |
500 | 530 | 106.0 | 1.6 | 526 | 105.2 | 6.7 | |
5000 | 4998 | 100.0 | 0.3 | 4995 | 99.9 | 3.3 | |
SMM | 0 | ND | - | - | ND | - | - |
50 | 41 | 82.0 | 5.6 | 41 | 82.0 | 3.7 | |
500 | 498 | 99.6 | 1.1 | 460 | 92.0 | 7.0 | |
5000 | 5000 | 100.0 | 0.3 | 4790 | 95.8 | 3.4 | |
SMX | 0 | ND | - | - | ND | - | - |
50 | 40 | 80.0 | 6.3 | 42 | 84.0 | 6.5 | |
500 | 496 | 99.2 | 1.1 | 466 | 93.2 | 6.4 | |
5000 | 5000 | 100.0 | 0.4 | 4856 | 97.1 | 3.4 | |
SDM | 0 | ND | - | - | ND | - | - |
50 | 44 | 88 | 1.8 | 41 | 81.7 | 6.8 | |
500 | 472 | 94.4 | 2.3 | 475 | 95.0 | 6.4 | |
5000 | 5003 | 100.1 | 2.3 | 4774 | 95.5 | 4.5 |
Sample | Number of SAs | Extractant | Dispersant | Method | LOD (μg/L) | LOQ (μg/L) | r | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pork, chicken and beef | 14 | CTF | - | SPE-UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS | 0.05–0.54 | - | >0.99 | [21] |
Chicken | 9 | MOF | - | MSPE a-HPLC-MS/MS | 0.8–1.6 | - | >0.99 | [22] |
Milk | 5 | [C4MIM-TEMPO] Cl | - | In-situ MILs VA-DLLME-HPLC-DAD | 0.534–0.891 | 1.783–2.974 | >0.999 | [11] |
Water | 11 | 650 μL CHCl3 | 1250 μL ACN | VA-DLLME-UPLC-DAD | 0.41–8.6 | 1.36–28.7 | >0.99 | [32] |
Juice | 3 | 800 μL DES | - | UA-DLLME-HPLC-DAD | 20–50 | 20–80 | =0.9999 | [33] |
Water | 3 | 650 μL CHCl3 | 1000 μL ACN | UA-DLLME-HPLC-DAD | 0.07–0.25 | - | >0.999 | [53] |
Chicken Liver | 4 | 650 μL CH2Cl2 | 1000 μL ACN | DSPE b-VA-DLLME-HPLC-DAD | 0.4–8.4 | - | >0.99 | [54] |
Environmental water and seafood | 7 | 500 μL C2H2Cl4 | 900 μL ACN | UA-DLLME-HPLC-DAD | 0.7–7.8 | 2.4–26.0 | =0.9999 | This work |
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Wang, Y.; Li, J.; Ji, L.; Chen, L. Simultaneous Determination of Sulfonamides Antibiotics in Environmental Water and Seafood Samples Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Molecules 2022, 27, 2160. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072160
Wang Y, Li J, Ji L, Chen L. Simultaneous Determination of Sulfonamides Antibiotics in Environmental Water and Seafood Samples Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Molecules. 2022; 27(7):2160. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072160
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yixiao, Jinhua Li, Ling Ji, and Lingxin Chen. 2022. "Simultaneous Determination of Sulfonamides Antibiotics in Environmental Water and Seafood Samples Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography" Molecules 27, no. 7: 2160. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072160