Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Benzobisthiadiazole and Pyrene Building Blocks for Energy Storage Applications

Mohamed, Mohamed Gamal; Mansoure, Tharwat Hassan; Samy, Maha Mohamed; Takashi, Yasuno; Mohammed, Ahmed A. K.; Ahamad, Tansir; Alshehri, Saad M.; Kim, Jeonghun; Matsagar, Babasaheb M.; Wu, Kevin C.-W.; Kuo, Shiao-Wei

doi:10.3390/molecules27062025

Open AccessArticle

Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Benzobisthiadiazole and Pyrene Building Blocks for Energy Storage Applications

by

Mohamed Gamal Mohamed

^1,2,†

,

Tharwat Hassan Mansoure

^2,†

,

Maha Mohamed Samy

^1,2,

Yasuno Takashi

¹,

Ahmed A. K. Mohammed

²,

Tansir Ahamad

³,

Saad M. Alshehri

³,

Jeonghun Kim

⁴,

Babasaheb M. Matsagar

⁵,

Kevin C.-W. Wu

^5,*

and

Shiao-Wei Kuo

^1,6,*

¹

Center of Crystal Research, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan

²

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt

³

Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia

⁴

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea

⁵

Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan

⁶

Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Molecules 2022, 27(6), 2025; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27062025

Submission received: 2 March 2022 / Revised: 16 March 2022 / Accepted: 17 March 2022 / Published: 21 March 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nanomaterials Design and Nanoarchitectonics of Functional Materials: A Themed Issue Honoring Professor Katsuhiko Ariga)

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Abstract

In recent years, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have become important precursors for environmental and energy applications, compared with inorganic electrode materials, due to their ease of preparation, facile charge storage process, π-conjugated structures, relatively high thermal and chemical stability, abundance in nature, and high surface areas. Therefore, in this study, we designed and prepared new benzobisthiadiazole (BBT)-linked CMPs (BBT–CMPs) using a simple Sonogashira couplings reaction by reaction of 4,8-dibromobenzo(1,2-c;4,5-c′)bis(1,2,5)thiadiazole (BBT–Br₂) with ethynyl derivatives of triphenylamine (TPA-T), pyrene (Py-T), and tetraphenylethene (TPE-T), respectively, to afford TPA–BBT–CMP, Py–BBT–CMP, and TPE–BBT–CMP. The chemical structure and properties of BBT–CMPs such as surface areas, pore size, surface morphologies, and thermal stability using different measurements were discussed in detail. Among the studied BBT–CMPs, we revealed that TPE–BBT–CMP displayed high degradation temperature, up to 340 °C, with high char yield and regular, aggregated sphere based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Furthermore, the Py–BBT–CMP as organic electrode showed an outstanding specific capacitance of 228 F g⁻¹ and superior capacitance stability of 93.2% (over 2000 cycles). Based on theoretical results, an important role of BBT–CMPs, due to their electronic structure, was revealed to be enhancing the charge storage. Furthermore, all three CMP polymers featured a high conjugation system, leading to improved electron conduction and small bandgaps.

Keywords: conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs); benzobisthiadiazole; thermal stability; bandgaps; energy storage

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mohamed, M.G.; Mansoure, T.H.; Samy, M.M.; Takashi, Y.; Mohammed, A.A.K.; Ahamad, T.; Alshehri, S.M.; Kim, J.; Matsagar, B.M.; Wu, K.C.-W.; et al. Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Benzobisthiadiazole and Pyrene Building Blocks for Energy Storage Applications. Molecules 2022, 27, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27062025

AMA Style

Mohamed MG, Mansoure TH, Samy MM, Takashi Y, Mohammed AAK, Ahamad T, Alshehri SM, Kim J, Matsagar BM, Wu KC-W, et al. Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Benzobisthiadiazole and Pyrene Building Blocks for Energy Storage Applications. Molecules. 2022; 27(6):2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27062025

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed, Mohamed Gamal, Tharwat Hassan Mansoure, Maha Mohamed Samy, Yasuno Takashi, Ahmed A. K. Mohammed, Tansir Ahamad, Saad M. Alshehri, Jeonghun Kim, Babasaheb M. Matsagar, Kevin C.-W. Wu, and et al. 2022. "Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Benzobisthiadiazole and Pyrene Building Blocks for Energy Storage Applications" Molecules 27, no. 6: 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27062025

APA Style

Mohamed, M. G., Mansoure, T. H., Samy, M. M., Takashi, Y., Mohammed, A. A. K., Ahamad, T., Alshehri, S. M., Kim, J., Matsagar, B. M., Wu, K. C.-W., & Kuo, S.-W. (2022). Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Benzobisthiadiazole and Pyrene Building Blocks for Energy Storage Applications. Molecules, 27(6), 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27062025

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Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Benzobisthiadiazole and Pyrene Building Blocks for Energy Storage Applications

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