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Article

The Antiviral Activity of Caprylic Monoglyceride against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus In Vitro and In Vivo

by
Luyu Yang
1,2,†,
Jianhua Wen
1,2,†,
Yang Zhang
1,2,
Zheyan Liu
1,2,
Zhipeng Luo
1,2,
Lei Xu
1,2,
Siyuan Lai
2,
Huaqiao Tang
2,
Xiangang Sun
2,
Youjun Hu
3,
Ling Zhu
1,2 and
Zhiwen Xu
1,2,*
1
College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
2
Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
3
Innovation Centre of Guangdong Nuacid Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511545, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Molecules 2022, 27(21), 7263; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217263
Submission received: 17 September 2022 / Revised: 16 October 2022 / Accepted: 23 October 2022 / Published: 26 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds: From Extraction to Biological Evaluations)
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Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease with a major economic impact in the global pig industry, and this study aims to identify potential anti-PRRSV drugs. We examined the cytotoxicity of four medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) (caprylic, caprylic monoglyceride, decanoic monoglyceride, and monolaurin) and their inhibition rate against PRRSV. Then the MCFAs with the best anti-PRRSV effect in in vitro assays were selected for subsequent in vivo experiments. Potential anti-PRRSV drugs were evaluated by viral load assay, pathological assay, and cytokine level determination. The results showed that caprylic monoglyceride (CMG) was the least toxic to cells of the four MCFAs, while it had the highest PRRSV inhibition rate. Then the animals were divided into a low-CMG group, a medium-CMG group, and a high-CMG group to conduct the in vivo evaluation. The results indicated that piglets treated with higher concentrations of caprylic monoglyceride were associated with lower mortality and lower viral load after PRRSV infection (p < 0.05). The pulmonary pathology of the piglets also improved after CMG treatment. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α) were significantly downregulated, and the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) were significantly upregulated in the CMG-treated piglets compared to the positive control group (p < 0.05). Taken together, the present study revealed for the first time that caprylic monoglyceride has strong antiviral activity against PRRSV in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that caprylic monoglyceride could potentially be used as a drug to treat PRRS infection.
Keywords: PRRSV; antiviral; medium-chain fatty acids; caprylic monoglyceride; weaned piglets PRRSV; antiviral; medium-chain fatty acids; caprylic monoglyceride; weaned piglets

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yang, L.; Wen, J.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, Z.; Luo, Z.; Xu, L.; Lai, S.; Tang, H.; Sun, X.; Hu, Y.; et al. The Antiviral Activity of Caprylic Monoglyceride against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2022, 27, 7263. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217263

AMA Style

Yang L, Wen J, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Luo Z, Xu L, Lai S, Tang H, Sun X, Hu Y, et al. The Antiviral Activity of Caprylic Monoglyceride against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules. 2022; 27(21):7263. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217263

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang, Luyu, Jianhua Wen, Yang Zhang, Zheyan Liu, Zhipeng Luo, Lei Xu, Siyuan Lai, Huaqiao Tang, Xiangang Sun, Youjun Hu, and et al. 2022. "The Antiviral Activity of Caprylic Monoglyceride against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus In Vitro and In Vivo" Molecules 27, no. 21: 7263. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217263

APA Style

Yang, L., Wen, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z., Luo, Z., Xu, L., Lai, S., Tang, H., Sun, X., Hu, Y., Zhu, L., & Xu, Z. (2022). The Antiviral Activity of Caprylic Monoglyceride against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules, 27(21), 7263. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217263

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