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Article

Antidementia Effects of Alternanthera philoxeroides in Ovariectomized Mice Supported by NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis

by
Charinya Khamphukdee
1,*,
Orawan Monthakantirat
2,
Yaowared Chulikhit
2,
Chantana Boonyarat
2,
Supawadee Daodee
2,
Possatorn Aon-im
1,
Juthamart Maneenet
2,
Yutthana Chotritthirong
3,
Prathan Luecha
1,
Nazim Sekeroglu
4 and
Anake Kijjoa
5,*
1
Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
2
Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
3
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
4
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kilis 7 Aralik University, 79000 Kilis, Turkey
5
ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar and CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2021, 26(9), 2789; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092789
Submission received: 11 April 2021 / Revised: 1 May 2021 / Accepted: 6 May 2021 / Published: 9 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 6th International Mediterranean Symposium on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MESMAP-6))
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Abstract

The crude ethanol extract of the whole plant of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb was investigated for its potential as antidementia, induced by estrogen deprivation, based on in vitro antioxidant activity, β-amyloid aggregation inhibition and cholinesterase inhibitory activity, as well as in vivo Morris water maze task (MWMT), novel object recognition task (NORT), and Y-maze task. To better understand the effect of the extract, oxidative stress-induced brain membrane damage through lipid peroxidation in the whole brain was also investigated. Additionally, expressions of neuroinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and estrogen receptor-mediated facilitation genes such as PI3K and AKT mRNA in the hippocampus and frontal cortex were also evaluated. These effects were confirmed by the determination of its serum metabolites by NMR metabolomic analysis. Both the crude extract of A. philoxeroides and its flavone constituents were found to inhibit β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation.
Keywords: Alternanthera philoxeroides; Amaranthaceae; Thai traditional medicine; ovariectomized mice; antidementia; β-amyloid aggregation inhibitor; flavones; metabolomics Alternanthera philoxeroides; Amaranthaceae; Thai traditional medicine; ovariectomized mice; antidementia; β-amyloid aggregation inhibitor; flavones; metabolomics
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MDPI and ACS Style

Khamphukdee, C.; Monthakantirat, O.; Chulikhit, Y.; Boonyarat, C.; Daodee, S.; Aon-im, P.; Maneenet, J.; Chotritthirong, Y.; Luecha, P.; Sekeroglu, N.; et al. Antidementia Effects of Alternanthera philoxeroides in Ovariectomized Mice Supported by NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis. Molecules 2021, 26, 2789. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092789

AMA Style

Khamphukdee C, Monthakantirat O, Chulikhit Y, Boonyarat C, Daodee S, Aon-im P, Maneenet J, Chotritthirong Y, Luecha P, Sekeroglu N, et al. Antidementia Effects of Alternanthera philoxeroides in Ovariectomized Mice Supported by NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis. Molecules. 2021; 26(9):2789. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092789

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khamphukdee, Charinya, Orawan Monthakantirat, Yaowared Chulikhit, Chantana Boonyarat, Supawadee Daodee, Possatorn Aon-im, Juthamart Maneenet, Yutthana Chotritthirong, Prathan Luecha, Nazim Sekeroglu, and et al. 2021. "Antidementia Effects of Alternanthera philoxeroides in Ovariectomized Mice Supported by NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis" Molecules 26, no. 9: 2789. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092789

APA Style

Khamphukdee, C., Monthakantirat, O., Chulikhit, Y., Boonyarat, C., Daodee, S., Aon-im, P., Maneenet, J., Chotritthirong, Y., Luecha, P., Sekeroglu, N., & Kijjoa, A. (2021). Antidementia Effects of Alternanthera philoxeroides in Ovariectomized Mice Supported by NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis. Molecules, 26(9), 2789. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092789

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