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Article

Protective Effects of Cinnamaldehyde on the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Liver of Salmonella typhimurium-Challenged Mice

by
Renjie Wang
1,2,
Senlin Li
1,
Hai Jia
1,
Xuemeng Si
1,
Yan Lei
2,
Jirong Lyu
2,
Zhaolai Dai
1 and
Zhenlong Wu
1,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
2
DadHank Biotechnology Corporation, Chengdu 611130, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2021, 26(8), 2309; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082309
Submission received: 2 March 2021 / Revised: 5 April 2021 / Accepted: 10 April 2021 / Published: 16 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Essential Oils: Biological Activities and New Possible Applications)
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Abstract

Salmonella typhimurium infection is associated with gastrointestinal disorder and cellular injury in the liver of both humans and animals. Cinnamaldehyde, the main component of essential oil from cinnamon, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects. However, it remains unknown whether cinnamaldehyde can alleviate Salmonella typhimurium infection-induced liver injury in mice. In the present study, we found that cinnamaldehyde attenuated Salmonella typhimurium-induced body weight loss, the increase of organ (liver and spleen) indexes, hepatocyte apoptosis, and the mortality rate in mice. Further study showed that cinnamaldehyde significantly alleviated Salmonella typhimurium-induced liver injury as shown by activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and myeloperoxidase, as well as malondialdehyde. The increased mRNA level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and chemokines (CCL2 and CCL3) induced by Salmonella typhimurium were significantly abolished by cinnamaldehyde supplementation. These alterations were associated with a regulatory effect of cinnamaldehyde on TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88. 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that Salmonella typhimurium infection led to upregulation of the abundances of genera Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Alistipes, Muribaculum, and Prevotellaceae UCG-001, and downregulation of the abundances of genera Lactobacillus, Enterorhabdus, and Eggerthellaceae (unclassified). These alterations were reversed by cinnamaldehyde supplementation. In conclusion, cinnamaldehyde attenuated the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the liver of Salmonella typhimurium-infected mice. Supplementation of cinnamaldehyde might be a preventive strategy to alleviate liver injury caused by Salmonella typhimurium infection in humans and animals.
Keywords: cinnamaldehyde; Salmonella typhimurium; mice; inflammation; apoptosis; oxidative stress; gut microbiota cinnamaldehyde; Salmonella typhimurium; mice; inflammation; apoptosis; oxidative stress; gut microbiota
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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, R.; Li, S.; Jia, H.; Si, X.; Lei, Y.; Lyu, J.; Dai, Z.; Wu, Z. Protective Effects of Cinnamaldehyde on the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Liver of Salmonella typhimurium-Challenged Mice. Molecules 2021, 26, 2309. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082309

AMA Style

Wang R, Li S, Jia H, Si X, Lei Y, Lyu J, Dai Z, Wu Z. Protective Effects of Cinnamaldehyde on the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Liver of Salmonella typhimurium-Challenged Mice. Molecules. 2021; 26(8):2309. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082309

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Renjie, Senlin Li, Hai Jia, Xuemeng Si, Yan Lei, Jirong Lyu, Zhaolai Dai, and Zhenlong Wu. 2021. "Protective Effects of Cinnamaldehyde on the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Liver of Salmonella typhimurium-Challenged Mice" Molecules 26, no. 8: 2309. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082309

APA Style

Wang, R., Li, S., Jia, H., Si, X., Lei, Y., Lyu, J., Dai, Z., & Wu, Z. (2021). Protective Effects of Cinnamaldehyde on the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Liver of Salmonella typhimurium-Challenged Mice. Molecules, 26(8), 2309. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082309

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