The Assessment of Changes in the Fatty Acid Profile and Dietary Indicators Depending on the Storage Conditions of Goose Meat
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Meat Preparation
4.2. Lipid Extraction
4.3. Preparation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs)
4.4. Gas Chromatographic Analysis
4.5. Dietary Indicators
4.6. Statistical Analyses
4.7. Ethical Statement
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Amount in 100 g of Raw Edible Portion | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nutrients | Unit | Chicken | Turkey | Duck | Goose |
Energy | kcal | 120 | 114 | 123 | 133 |
Water | g | 73.90 | 74.89 | 75.51 | 70.78 |
Protein | g | 22.50 | 23.66 | 19.85 | 24.31 |
Fat | g | 2.62 | 1.48 | 4.25 | 4.02 |
Sodium, Na | mg | 45 | 113 | 57 | 50 |
Potassium, K | mg | 334 | 242 | 268 | 336 |
Calcium, Ca | mg | 5 | 11 | 3 | 4 |
Phosphorus, P | mg | 213 | 201 | 186 | 256 |
Magnesium, Mg | mg | 28 | 28 | 22 | 29 |
Iron, Fe | mg | 0.37 | 0.73 | 4.51 | 5.91 |
Zinc, Zn | mg | 0.68 | 1.28 | 0.74 | 1.68 |
Copper, Cu | mg | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.33 | 0.44 |
Manganese, Mn | mg | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 |
Vitamin A | µg | 9 | 6 | 16 | 11 |
Vitamin E | mg | 0.56 | 0.06 | 0 | 0.57 |
Thiamin | mg | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.42 | 0.28 |
Riboflavin | mg | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.31 | 1.52 |
Niacin | mg | 9.60 | 9.92 | 3.44 | 6.56 |
Vitamin B6 | mg | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.63 | 1.07 |
Vitamin B12 | µg | 0.21 | 0.70 | 0.63 | 4.10 |
SFA | g | 0.56 | 0.29 | 1.32 | 0.61 |
MUFA | g | 0.69 | 0.26 | 1.21 | 0.82 |
PUFA | g | 0.424 | 0.258 | 0.58 | 0.35 |
Cholesterol | mg | 73 | 57 | 77 | 80 |
Main Effect | Two-Way Interaction Effect | Three-Way Interaction Effect | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fatty Acid/ Dietary Index | Time | Atmosphere | Temperature | Time × Atmosphere | Time × Temperature | Atmosphere × Temperature | Time × Atmosphere × Temperature |
SFA | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** |
C 16:0 | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** |
MUFA | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.020 * | 0.000 *** | 0.532 ns | 0.003 ** | 0.051 ns |
C 18:1 | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.592 ns | 0.000 *** | 0.779 ns | 0.241 ns | 0.731 ns |
PUFA | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** |
C 18:2 n-6 | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** |
C 18:3 n-3 | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.022 * | 0.000 *** | 0.291 ns | 0.112 ns | 0.049 * |
C 20:4 n-6 | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.003 ** | 0.000 *** | 0.016 * | 0.004 ** | 0.196 ns |
PUFA/SFA | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** |
UFA | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.141 ns | 0.000 *** | 0.007 ** | 0.291 ns | 0.024 ** |
n-6 | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** |
n-3 | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.014 * | 0.000 *** | 0.033 * | 0.046 * | 0.260 ns |
n-6/n-3 | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.003 ** | 0.000 *** | 0.001 *** |
AI | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** |
TI | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** |
S/P | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** |
NV | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** |
h/H | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** |
Fatty Acids/Dietary Index | Atmosphere | Temperature | Storage Time (Days) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 4 | 7 | 11 | |||
SFA | MA | 1 °C | 29.65 a ± 0.44 | 30.02 bx ± 0.18 | 31.07 cx ± 0.17 | 31.68 dx ± 0.23 |
4 °C | 30.15 bx ± 0.19 | 31.14 cx ± 0.16 | 33.12 dy ± 0.19 | |||
Vacuum | 1 °C | 29.66 ay ± 0.21 | 29.65 ay ± 0.16 | 29.75 az ± 0.14 | ||
4 °C | 29.58 ay ± 0.19 | 29.69 ay ± 0.14 | 29.65 az ± 0.21 | |||
C 16:0 | MA | 1 °C | 24.04 a ± 0.38 | 24.09 ax ± 0.19 | 24.86 bx ± 0.13 | 24.94 bx ± 0.16 |
4 °C | 24.13 ax ± 0.20 | 24.87 bx ± 0.12 | 25.99 cy ± 0.13 | |||
Vacuum | 1 °C | 24.01 ax ± 0.13 | 24.02 ay ± 0.15 | 24.06 az ± 0.15 | ||
4 °C | 23.96 ax ± 0.14 | 23.98 ay ± 0.12 | 23.96 az ± 0.15 | |||
MUFA | MA | 1 °C | 42.88 a ± 0.36 | 43.84 bx ± 0.51 | 44.22 bx ± 0.30 | 45.10 cx ± 0.39 |
4 °C | 44.11 bx ± 0.25 | 44.38 bx ± 0.24 | 45.55 cy ± 0.31 | |||
Vacuum | 1 °C | 42.87 ay ± 0.36 | 42.98 ay ± 0.32 | 43.04 az ± 0.35 | ||
4 °C | 42.91 ay ± 0.49 | 42.90 ay ± 0.58 | 42.96 az ± 0.26 | |||
C 18:1 | MA | 1 °C | 38.78 a ± 0.31 | 39.88 bx ± 0.40 | 39.98 cx ± 0.22 | 40.65 dx ± 0.34 |
4 °C | 39.93 bx ± 0.30 | 40.00 cx ± 0.23 | 40.84 dx ± 0.24 | |||
Vacuum | 1 °C | 38.86 ax ± 0.52 | 39.03 ay ± 0.53 | 38.88 ay ± 0.39 | ||
4 °C | 38.79 ax ± 0.47 | 39.03 ay ± 0.56 | 38.86 ay ± 0.28 | |||
PUFA | MA | 1 °C | 25.89 a ± 0.27 | 24.72 bx ± 0.40 | 23.35 cx ± 0.12 | 21.35 dx ± 0.12 |
4 °C | 24.66 bx ± 0.43 | 23.19 cx ± 0.22 | 20.11 dy ± 0.40 | |||
Vacuum | 1 °C | 25.95 ay ± 1.32 | 25.81 ay ± 0.26 | 25.88 az ± 0.14 | ||
4 °C | 25.87 ay ± 0.30 | 25.80 ay ± 0.28 | 25.98 az ± 0.14 | |||
C 18:2 n-6 | MA | 1 °C | 18.92 a ± 0.10 | 18.00 bx ± 0.13 | 17.50 cx ± 0.14 | 16.26 dx ± 0.12 |
4 °C | 18.02 bx ± 0.16 | 17.47 cx ± 0.16 | 15.18 dy ± 0.26 | |||
Vacuum | 1 °C | 18.89 ay ± 0.12 | 18.80 ay ± 0.12 | 18.87 az ± 0.14 | ||
4 °C | 18.87 ay ± 0.13 | 18.76 ay ± 0.13 | 18.88 az ± 0.13 | |||
C 18:3 n-3 | MA | 1 °C | 1.76 a ± 0.07 | 1.51 bx ± 0.03 | 1.44 cx ± 0.09 | 1.31 dx ± 0.05 |
4 °C | 1.58 by ± 0.04 | 1.48 cx ± 0.05 | 1.30 dx ± 0.08 | |||
Vacuum | 1 °C | 1.79 az ± 0.05 | 1.77 ay ± 0.07 | 1.77 ay ± 0.05 | ||
4 °C | 1.78 az ± 0.02 | 1.78 ay ± 0.05 | 1.79 ay ± 0.06 | |||
C 20:4 n-6 | MA | 1 °C | 4.45 a ± 0.23 | 4.54 ax ± 0.24 | 3.86 bx ± 0.08 | 3.31 cx ± 0.10 |
4 °C | 4.39 ax ± 0.26 | 3.68 by ± 0.08 | 3.21 cx ± 0.08 | |||
Vacuum | 1 °C | 4.52 ax ± 0.18 | 4.56 az ± 0.17 | 4.46 ay ± 0.19 | ||
4 °C | 4.45 ax ± 0.16 | 4.50 az ± 0.21 | 4.58 ay ± 0.08 | |||
PUFA/SFA | MA | 1 °C | 0.87 a ± 0.02 | 0.82 bx ± 0.01 | 0.75 bx ± 0.00 | 0.67 cx ± 0.00 |
4 °C | 0.82 bx ± 0.01 | 0.74 cx ± 0.01 | 0.61 dy ± 0.01 | |||
Vacuum | 1 °C | 0.88 ay ± 0.02 | 0.87 ay ± 0.01 | 0.87 az ± 0.00 | ||
4 °C | 0.87 ay ± 0.01 | 0.87 ay ± 0.01 | 0.88 az ± 0.00 | |||
UFA | MA | 1 °C | 68.77 a ± 0.6 | 68.57 ax ± 0.64 | 67.57 bx ± 0.39 | 66.45 cx ± 0.49 |
4 °C | 68.78 ax ± 0.58 | 67.56 ax ± 0.37 | 65.66 cy ± 0.57 | |||
Vacuum | 1 °C | 68.82 ax ± 0.80 | 68.99 ay ± 0.63 | 69.02 az ± 0.39 | ||
4 °C | 68.79 ax ± 0.71 | 69.01 ay ± 0.62 | 68.94 az ± 0.35 | |||
n-6 | MA | 1 °C | 23.72 a ± 0.23 | 22.86 bx ± 0.35 | 21.67 cx ± 0.12 | 19.85 dx ± 0.11 |
4 °C | 22.73 bx ± 0.39 | 21.44 cx ± 0.20 | 18.61 dy ± 0.32 | |||
Vacuum | 1 °C | 23.77 ay ± 0.25 | 23.71 ay ± 0.19 | 23.70 az ± 0.16 | ||
4 °C | 23.69 ay ± 0.25 | 23.60 ay ± 0.25 | 23.81 az ± 0.12 | |||
n-3 | MA | 1 °C | 2.17 a ± 0.06 | 1.86 bx ± 0.05 | 1.69 cx ± 0.10 | 1.50 dx ± 0.06 |
4 °C | 1.93 by ± 0.04 | 1.74 cx ± 0.07 | 1.50 dx ± 0.09 | |||
Vacuum | 1 °C | 2.18 az ± 0.11 | 2.18 ay ± 0.05 | 2.18 ay ± 0.05 | ||
4 °C | 2.18 az ± 0.05 | 2.20 ay ± 0.06 | 2.17 ay ± 0.06 | |||
n-6/n-3 | MA | 1 °C | 10.93 a ± 0.22 | 12.31 bx ± 0.17 | 12.90 cx ± 0.76 | 13.24 dx ± 0.55 |
4 °C | 11.80 by ± 0.17 | 12.31 cy ± 0.45 | 12.47 cy ± 0.53 | |||
Vacuum | 1 °C | 10.94 az ± 0.50 | 10.90 az ± 0.39 | 10.87 az ± 0.27 | ||
4 °C | 10.86 az ± 0.14 | 10.77 az ± 0.26 | 10.96 az ± 0.29 | |||
AI | MA | 1 °C | 0.40 a ± 0.01 | 0.41 bx ± 0.00 | 0.43 cx ± 0.00 | 0.44 dx ± 0.01 |
4 °C | 0.41 bx ± 0.00 | 0.43 cx ± 0.00 | 0.46 dy ± 0.00 | |||
Vacuum | 1 °C | 0.40 ax ± 0.00 | 0.40 ay ± 0.00 | 0.40 az ± 0.00 | ||
4 °C | 0.40 ax ± 0.00 | 0.40 ay ± 0.00 | 0.40 az ± 0.00 | |||
TI | MA | 1 °C | 0.73 a ± 0.01 | 0.76 bx ± 0.01 | 0.80 cx ± 0.01 | 0.83 dx ± 0.01 |
4 °C | 0.75 bx ± 0.00 | 0.80 cx ± 0.01 | 0.88 dy ± 0.01 | |||
Vacuum | 1 °C | 0.73 ay ± 0.01 | 0.72 ay ± 0.00 | 0.73 az ± 0.00 | ||
4 °C | 0.73 ay ± 0.01 | 0.72 ay ± 0.00 | 0.73 az ± 0.00 | |||
S/P | MA | 1 °C | 0.42 a ± 0.01 | 0.43 bx ± 0.00 | 0.45 cx ± 0.00 | 0.46 dx ± 0.00 |
4 °C | 0.43 bx ± 0.00 | 0.45 cx ± 0.00 | 0.49 dy ± 0.00 | |||
Vacuum | 1 °C | 0.42 ay ± 0.00 | 0.42 ay ± 0.00 | 0.42 az ± 0.00 | ||
4 °C | 0.42 ay ± 0.00 | 0.42 ay ± 0.00 | 0.42 az ± 0.00 | |||
NV | MA | 1 °C | 0.43 a ± 0.00 | 0.43 ax ± 0.00 | 0.45 bx ± 0.00 | 0.46 cx ± 0.00 |
4 °C | 0.44 ax ± 0.00 | 0.45 bx ± 0.00 | 0.49 cy ± 0.00 | |||
Vacuum | 1 °C | 0.43 ax ± 0.00 | 0.43 ay ± 0.01 | 0.43 az ± 0.00 | ||
4 °C | 0.43 ax ± 0.00 | 0.43 ay ± 0.00 | 0.43 az ± 0.00 | |||
h/H | MA | 1 °C | 2.58 a ± 0.04 | 2.56 ax ± 0.02 | 2.43 bx ± 0.01 | 2.37 cx ± 0.01 |
4 °C | 2.56 ax ± 0.02 | 2.42 bx ± 0.01 | 2.24 cy ± 0.02 | |||
Vacuum | 1 °C | 2.59 ax ± 0.02 | 2.59 ay ± 0.03 | 2.58 az ± 0.02 | ||
4 °C | 2.58 ax ± 0.02 | 2.59 ay ± 0.03 | 2.59 az ± 0.01 |
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Orkusz, A.; Wolańska, W.; Krajinska, U. The Assessment of Changes in the Fatty Acid Profile and Dietary Indicators Depending on the Storage Conditions of Goose Meat. Molecules 2021, 26, 5122. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175122
Orkusz A, Wolańska W, Krajinska U. The Assessment of Changes in the Fatty Acid Profile and Dietary Indicators Depending on the Storage Conditions of Goose Meat. Molecules. 2021; 26(17):5122. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175122
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrkusz, Agnieszka, Wioletta Wolańska, and Urszula Krajinska. 2021. "The Assessment of Changes in the Fatty Acid Profile and Dietary Indicators Depending on the Storage Conditions of Goose Meat" Molecules 26, no. 17: 5122. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175122