Gossypitrin, A Naturally Occurring Flavonoid, Attenuates Iron-Induced Neuronal and Mitochondrial Damage
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Gos Rescues HT-22 Cells from Fe(II)-Induced Cell Death
2.2. Gos Rescues Rat-Brain Mitochondria from Iron-Induced Mitochondrial Lipoperoxidation
2.3. Gos Prevents Iron-Mediated Mitochondrial Swelling, ΔΨ Dissipation, and ATP Depletion
2.4. Gos Induces Fe(II)-Citrate Autoxidation and O2 Consumption
2.5. Gos–Fe(II) Complexes Detection
2.6. Gos Prevented Fe(III) Reduction by Ascorbate
2.7. Gos Protects against 2-Deoxyribose Oxidative Degradation
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Reagents
4.2. Plant Material
4.3. Extract and Sample Preparation
4.4. UV/Vis and IR Spectroscopic Studies
4.5. Cell Cultures
4.6. Induction of Cell Oxidative Damage and Treatment with Gos
4.7. Cell Viability Assay
4.8. Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (ΔΨ) Assay in HT-22 Cells
4.9. ATP Assay
4.10. Animals
4.11. Mitochondrial Isolation
4.12. Continuous-Monitoring Mitochondrial Assays
4.13. Lipid Peroxidation Assays
4.14. Determination of Fe(II) Concentration
4.15. Oxygen Consumption Monitoring
4.16. 2-Deoxyribose Oxidation Assay
4.17. Gos-Fe(II) Complexes Detection
4.18. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Bécquer-Viart, M.Á.; Armentero-López, A.; Alvarez-Almiñaque, D.; Fernández-Acosta, R.; Matos-Peralta, Y.; D’Vries, R.F.; Marín-Prida, J.; Pardo-Andreu, G.L. Gossypitrin, A Naturally Occurring Flavonoid, Attenuates Iron-Induced Neuronal and Mitochondrial Damage. Molecules 2021, 26, 3364. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113364
Bécquer-Viart MÁ, Armentero-López A, Alvarez-Almiñaque D, Fernández-Acosta R, Matos-Peralta Y, D’Vries RF, Marín-Prida J, Pardo-Andreu GL. Gossypitrin, A Naturally Occurring Flavonoid, Attenuates Iron-Induced Neuronal and Mitochondrial Damage. Molecules. 2021; 26(11):3364. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113364
Chicago/Turabian StyleBécquer-Viart, María Ángeles, Adonis Armentero-López, Daniel Alvarez-Almiñaque, Roberto Fernández-Acosta, Yasser Matos-Peralta, Richard F. D’Vries, Javier Marín-Prida, and Gilberto L. Pardo-Andreu. 2021. "Gossypitrin, A Naturally Occurring Flavonoid, Attenuates Iron-Induced Neuronal and Mitochondrial Damage" Molecules 26, no. 11: 3364. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113364