Ruthenium-Loaded Halloysite Nanotubes as Mesocatalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Structure, Morphology, and Composition of Ru-Loaded Halloysite Catalysts
2.2. Catalytic Efficiency of Ru-Loaded Halloysite Catalysts in Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Catalyst Preparation
3.3. Catalyst Characterization
3.4. Catalytic Experiment
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are available from the authors. |
Catalyst | Elemental Composition, wt. % | Surface Area, BET, m2/g | Average Particles Size (TEM), nm | Total Acidity, µmol/g | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Si | Al | Ru | ||||
HNT | 23.6 | 25.3 | - | 66 | None | 178 |
HNT@Ru-1 | 23.5 | 23.8 | 2.0 | 63 | 3.5 | 315 |
HNT@Ru-2 | 23.0 | 24.0 | 2.0 | 60 | 3.5 | 129 |
HNT@Ru-3 | 22.5 | 24.3 | 2.2 | 58 | 3.5 | 250 |
Parameter | HNT@Ru-1 | HNT@Ru-2 | HNT@Ru-3 |
---|---|---|---|
CO conversion, % | 15.6 | 17.8 | 18.8 |
Ru–time yield × 103, molCO/(molRu s) | 29.3 | 33.4 | 32.1 |
CH4 selectivity, % | 52.8 | 19.9 | 28.8 |
C2–C4 selectivity, % | 20.3 | 1.6 | 3.2 |
C5+ selectivity, % | 26.7 | 78.0 | 67.7 |
CO2 selectivity, % | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
% olefins in C5+ | 19.2 | 12.9 | 26.5 |
ASF α | 0.78 | 0.87 | 0.73 |
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Stavitskaya, A.; Mazurova, K.; Kotelev, M.; Eliseev, O.; Gushchin, P.; Glotov, A.; Kazantsev, R.; Vinokurov, V.; Lvov, Y. Ruthenium-Loaded Halloysite Nanotubes as Mesocatalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis. Molecules 2020, 25, 1764. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081764
Stavitskaya A, Mazurova K, Kotelev M, Eliseev O, Gushchin P, Glotov A, Kazantsev R, Vinokurov V, Lvov Y. Ruthenium-Loaded Halloysite Nanotubes as Mesocatalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis. Molecules. 2020; 25(8):1764. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081764
Chicago/Turabian StyleStavitskaya, Anna, Kristina Mazurova, Mikhail Kotelev, Oleg Eliseev, Pavel Gushchin, Aleksandr Glotov, Ruslan Kazantsev, Vladimir Vinokurov, and Yuri Lvov. 2020. "Ruthenium-Loaded Halloysite Nanotubes as Mesocatalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis" Molecules 25, no. 8: 1764. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081764