Attraction of Adults of Cyclocephala lunulata and Cyclocephala barrerai (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae) towards Bacteria Volatiles Isolated from Their Genital Chambers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Bacteria Isolated from the Genital Chamber of Cyclocephala
2.2. Identification of VOCsB
2.3. Insect Attraction to VOCsB
2.4. Test of EAG
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Insects
3.2. Microorganisms of the Female Reproductive System
3.3. Extraction and Identification of VOCsB
- VOCsB were captured by SHS-SPME, inserting a 65-μM PDMS/DVB fiber (Supelco, Inc., Bellefonte, PA, USA) into the bottle and maintaining the system for 16 h at 30 °C. After removing the fiber, the sample was analyzed by GC-MS. Ten repetitions were carried out for each bacterial strain in TSI; the control was a sterile TSI medium without bacteria.
- The capture of VOCsB by DHS-SPE was performed under the aforementioned conditions for bacterial growth in the TSI medium; cultures were incubated for a period of 8 h at 30 °C. Pasteur pipette with 125 mg of Super Q 80/100 (Alltech Assoc, Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA) was connected to the upper part of the flask through the silicone septa. Once the Pasteur pipette was inserted, the experiment was maintained for 16 h at 30 °C.
3.4. Bioassays
3.4.1. Olfactometer
3.4.2. Electroantennography
3.5. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples are not available from the authors. |
Melolonthidae Specie | Strain | Closest Matches | Accession no. | Similarity (%) | Phylogenetic Affiliation | Host/Isolation Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cyclocephala lunulata | Klebsiella sp. MT239565 | Klebsiella spallanzanii strain SPARK1058C2 | MN091365.1 | 100 | Enterobacteriaceae | Homo sapiens (urine) |
Klebsiella grimontii strain SS141 | CP044527.1 | 100 | Enterobacteriaceae | Coffee cup | ||
Klebsiella oxytoca strain 4928STDY7387762 | LR607363.1 | 100 | Enterobacteriaceae | Feces | ||
Morganella morganii MT239566 | Morganella morganii strain FC6853 | MH628232.1 | 100 | Enterobacteriaceae | Homo sapiens (patient) | |
Uncultured organism clone ELU0075-T355-S-NIPCRAMgANa_000386 | HQ774639.1 | 100 | Enterobacteriaceae | Homo sapiens (gastrointestinal) | ||
Morganella morganii subsp. morganii strain JY 16S | KR094121.1 | 100 | Enterobacteriaceae | Medical College, Soochow University | ||
Cyclocephala barrerai | Citrobacter freundii Cyl_Citf01 MG652605 | Citrobacter freundii strain FDAARGOS_61 | CP026045 | 99 | Enterobacteriaceae | Homo sapiens (rectal swab) |
Citrobacter freundii strain BD | CP018810 | 99 | Enterobacteriaceae | Bactrocera dorsalis (gut) | ||
Citrobacter sp. PT2B | GU458283 | 99 | Enterobacteriaceae | Reticulitermes speratus (gut) | ||
Klebsiella oxytoca Cyl_Kleb02 MG652606 | Uncultured bacterium | JF208909 | 100 | Enterobacteriaceae | Homo sapiens (skin) | |
Klebsiella oxytoca strain CAU9419 | MF428632 | 99 | Enterobacteriaceae | pickle | ||
Klebsiella oxytoca strain NGB-FR100 | LC049195 | 99 | Enterobacteriaceae | Root nodules of fava bean |
Morphology | Cyclocephala lunulata | Cyclocephala barrerai | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Klebsiella sp. | Morganella morganii | Klebsiella oxytoca | Citrobacter freundii | |
Shape | Circular | Circular | Circular | Circular |
Edges | Rounded | Rounded | Rounded | Rounded |
Elevation | Convex | Convex | Convex | Convex |
Surface | Smooth | Smooth | Smooth | Smooth |
Consistency | Creamy | Creamy | Creamy | Creamy |
Pigmentation | Beige | Yellow | Beige | Yellow |
Transmitted light | Translucent | Translucent | Translucent | Translucent |
Optical property | Iridescent | Brilliant | Iridescent | Brilliant |
Size (mm) | 1 | 1 | 1−2 | 1 |
Individual morphology | bacillus | bacillus | bacillus | bacillus |
Gram’s reaction | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative |
Specie Bacteria | Pk No. | Extraction Technique | VOCsB | KRI | Ref. KRI | Characteristic EI ions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Klebsiella sp. | 1 | SHS-SPME | (methyl disulfanyl) methane | 691 | 735 [46] | 45, 61, 69, 79,83, 91, 94 (M+) |
2 | SHS-SPME | (methyl trisulfanyl) methane | 966 | 961 [46] | 64, 79, 83, 111, 113, 126 (M+) | |
3 | SHS-SPME | phenol | 977 | 980 [47] | 40, 55, 66, 74, 94 (M+) | |
4 | SHS-SPME | 2-phenylethanol | 1087 | 1078 [48] | 51, 65, 77, 91, 92, 122 (M+) | |
5 | SHS-SPME | decan-1-ol | 1234 | 1256 [49] | 43, 70, 83, 97, 112, 140, 158 (M+) | |
6 | SHS-SPME | indole | 1251 | 1288 [50] | 40, 58, 63, 74, 90, 102, 117 (M+) | |
7 | SHS-SPME | tridecan-2-one | 1475 | 1474 [51] | 43, 58, 71, 85, 96, 140, 198 (M+) | |
Morganella morganii | 1 | SHS-SPME | (methyl disulfanyl) methane | 691 | 735 [46] | 45, 61, 69, 79,83, 91, 94 (M+) |
2 | SHS-SPME/DHS-SPE | (methyl trisulfanyl) methane | 966 | 961 [46] | 64, 79, 83, 111, 113, 126 (M+) | |
3 | SHS-SPME/DHS-SPE | phenol | 977 | 980 [47] | 40, 55, 66, 74, 94 (M+) | |
4 | SHS-SPME/DHS-SPE | 2-phenylethanol | 1087 | 1078 [48] | 51, 65, 77, 91, 92, 122 (M+) | |
5 | SHS-SPME | decan-1-ol | 1234 | 1256 [49] | 43, 70, 83, 97, 112, 140, 158 (M+) | |
6 | SHS-SPME | indole | 1251 | 1288 [50] | 40, 58, 63, 74, 90, 102, 117 (M+) | |
7 | SHS-SPME | undecan-1-ol | 1282 | 1372 [51] | 55, 69, 83, 97, 111, 154, 172 (M+) | |
Klebsiella oxytoca | 1 | SHS-SPME | 3-methylbutan-1-ol | 688 | 734 [50] | 42, 55, 57, 70, 87, 88 (M+) |
2 | SHS-SPME/DHS-SPE | 2-phenylethanol | 1087 | 1078 [48] | 51, 65, 77, 91, 92, 122 (M+) | |
3 | SHS-SPME | ethyl octanoate | 1179 | 1192 [52] | 57, 88, 127, 172 (M+) | |
4 | SHS-SPME | decan-1-ol | 1234 | 1256 [49] | 43, 70, 83, 97, 112, 140, 158 (M+) | |
5 | SHS-SPME | indole | 1251 | 1288 [50] | 40, 58, 63, 74, 90, 102, 117 (M+), | |
6 | SHS-SPME | dodecan-1-ol | 1461 | 1473 [53] | 69,83, 97,111, 140, 168, 186 (M+) | |
7 | SHS-SPME | tridecan-2-one | 1475 | 1474 [51] | 58, 71, 140, 169, 183, 198 (M+) | |
Citrobacter freundii | 1 | SHS-SPME | (methyldisulfanyl) methane | 691 | 735 [46] | 45, 61, 69, 79,83, 91, 94 (M+) |
2 | SHS-SPME/DHS-SPE | (methyltrisulfanyl) methane | 966 | 961 [46] | 64, 79, 83, 111, 113, 126 (M+) | |
3 | SHS-SPME/DHS-SPE | phenol | 977 | 980 [47] | 40, 55, 66, 74, 94 (M+) | |
4 | SHS-SPME/DHS-SPE | 2-phenylethanol | 1087 | 1078 [48] | 51, 65, 77, 91, 92, 122 (M+) | |
5 | SHS-SPME | ethyl octanoate | 1179 | 1192 [52] | 57, 88, 127, 143, 157, 172 (M+) | |
6 | SHS-SPME/DHS-SPE | (methyltetrasulfanyl) methane | 1204 | 1210 [54] | 45, 64, 79, 94, 111, 145, 158 (M+) | |
7 | SHS-SPME | decan-1-ol | 1234 | 1256 [49] | 43, 70, 83, 97, 112, 140, 158 (M+) | |
8 | SHS-SPME | undecan-1-ol | 1282 | 1372 [51] | 55, 69, 83, 97, 111, 154, 172 (M+) |
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Sanchez-Cruz, A.; Robledo, N.; Rosete-Enríquez, M.; Romero-López, A.A. Attraction of Adults of Cyclocephala lunulata and Cyclocephala barrerai (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae) towards Bacteria Volatiles Isolated from Their Genital Chambers. Molecules 2020, 25, 4430. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194430
Sanchez-Cruz A, Robledo N, Rosete-Enríquez M, Romero-López AA. Attraction of Adults of Cyclocephala lunulata and Cyclocephala barrerai (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae) towards Bacteria Volatiles Isolated from Their Genital Chambers. Molecules. 2020; 25(19):4430. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194430
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanchez-Cruz, Abraham, Norma Robledo, María Rosete-Enríquez, and Angel A. Romero-López. 2020. "Attraction of Adults of Cyclocephala lunulata and Cyclocephala barrerai (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae) towards Bacteria Volatiles Isolated from Their Genital Chambers" Molecules 25, no. 19: 4430. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194430