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Review

The History of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: From Chemical–Physical Applications to Nanomedicine

by
Samer Bayda
1,*,
Muhammad Adeel
2,3,
Tiziano Tuccinardi
4,
Marco Cordani
5 and
Flavio Rizzolio
2,6,*
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Jinan University, Tripoli 818, Lebanon
2
Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
3
PhD School in Science and Technology of Bio and Nanomaterials, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, 30170 Venice, Italy
4
Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
5
Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain
6
Department of Molecular science and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, 30170 Venice, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2020, 25(1), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010112
Submission received: 7 November 2019 / Revised: 12 December 2019 / Accepted: 20 December 2019 / Published: 27 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploitation of Multifunctional Nanomaterials for Biological Applications)
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Abstract

Nanoscience breakthroughs in almost every field of science and nanotechnologies make life easier in this era. Nanoscience and nanotechnology represent an expanding research area, which involves structures, devices, and systems with novel properties and functions due to the arrangement of their atoms on the 1–100 nm scale. The field was subject to a growing public awareness and controversy in the early 2000s, and in turn, the beginnings of commercial applications of nanotechnology. Nanotechnologies contribute to almost every field of science, including physics, materials science, chemistry, biology, computer science, and engineering. Notably, in recent years nanotechnologies have been applied to human health with promising results, especially in the field of cancer treatment. To understand the nature of nanotechnology, it is helpful to review the timeline of discoveries that brought us to the current understanding of this science. This review illustrates the progress and main principles of nanoscience and nanotechnology and represents the pre-modern as well as modern timeline era of discoveries and milestones in these fields.
Keywords: nanoscience; nanotechnology; nanomaterials; nanoparticles; nanomedicine nanoscience; nanotechnology; nanomaterials; nanoparticles; nanomedicine
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MDPI and ACS Style

Bayda, S.; Adeel, M.; Tuccinardi, T.; Cordani, M.; Rizzolio, F. The History of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: From Chemical–Physical Applications to Nanomedicine. Molecules 2020, 25, 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010112

AMA Style

Bayda S, Adeel M, Tuccinardi T, Cordani M, Rizzolio F. The History of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: From Chemical–Physical Applications to Nanomedicine. Molecules. 2020; 25(1):112. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010112

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bayda, Samer, Muhammad Adeel, Tiziano Tuccinardi, Marco Cordani, and Flavio Rizzolio. 2020. "The History of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: From Chemical–Physical Applications to Nanomedicine" Molecules 25, no. 1: 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010112

APA Style

Bayda, S., Adeel, M., Tuccinardi, T., Cordani, M., & Rizzolio, F. (2020). The History of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: From Chemical–Physical Applications to Nanomedicine. Molecules, 25(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010112

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