Development of a Validated UPLC-MS/MS Method for Analyzing Major Ginseng Saponins from Various Ginseng Species
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Optimization of UPLC-MS/MS Conditions
2.2. Method Validation
2.3. The Correlation between the Chemical Structure and Retention Time
2.4. Ginseng Sample Quality
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemicals and Reagents
3.2. Origin of Ginseng Samples
3.3. Preparation of Standard Solutions
3.4. Preparation of Ginseng Samples
3.5. Instruments and Conditions
3.6. Validation of the Analytical Method
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rb2, ginsenoside Rc, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Re, and ginsenoside Rg1 are available from the authors. |
Compound | Nominal Concentration (ng/mL) | Intraday | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Observed Concentration (ng/mL) | Precision RSD (%) | Accuracy Bias (%) | ||
ginsenoside Rb1 | 25 | 25.93 0.94 | 3.61 | 3.70 |
250 | 275.2 3.80 | 1.38 | 10.06 | |
500 | 500.7 31.42 | 6.27 | 0.13 | |
ginsenoside Rb2 | 25 | 23.79 0.82 | 3.43 | −4.86 |
250 | 278.8 6.38 | 2.29 | 11.54 | |
500 | 458.8 29.00 | 6.32 | −8.52 | |
ginsenoside Rc | 25 | 26.37 0.61 | 2.33 | 5.49 |
250 | 250.5 5.6 | 2.23 | 0.19 | |
500 | 464.5 31.02 | 6.68 | −7.11 | |
ginsenoside Rd | 25 | 28.21 0.82 | 2.90 | 12.5 |
250 | 266.9 9.38 | 3.52 | 6.76 | |
500 | 480.3 23.44 | 4.88 | −3.94 | |
ginsenoside Re | 25 | 28.22 0.70 | 2.50 | 12.88 |
250 | 277.6 9.19 | 3.31 | 11.06 | |
500 | 533.2 11.59 | 2.17 | 6.64 | |
ginsenoside Rg1 | 25 | 22.78 0.59 | 2.58 | −8.86 |
250 | 259.1 3.87 | 1.49 | 3.65 | |
500 | 489.3 15.77 | 3.22 | −2.14 |
Ginsenoside | Structure Type | Molecular Formula | cLog P Value | No. of Sugars | Position of Sugar | Position of OH | Retention Time | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C-3 | C-6 | C-20 | C-3 | C-12 | ||||||
Re | panaxatriol | C48H82O18 | 2.18 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6.75 |
Rg1 | panaxatriol | C42H72O14 | 2.27 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6.85 |
Rb1 | panaxadiol | C54H92O23 | 1.64 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 9.21 |
Rb2 | panaxadiol | C53H90O22 | 1.67 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 9.32 |
Rc | panaxadiol | C53H90O22 | 2.29 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 9.55 |
Rd | panaxadiol | C48H82O18 | 1.63 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10.01 |
Scientific Name (Common Name) | Cultivation Region | Cultivation Method | Sample No. | Rb1 (mg/g) | Rb2 (mg/g) | Rc (mg/g) | Rd (mg/g) | Re (mg/g) | Rg1 (mg/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P. ginseng C.A. Meyer (Korean ginseng) | Korea | Wood- cultivated | A | 10 ± 1 | 5 ± 1 | 5 ± 1 | 3 ± 1 | 1 ± 0.3 | 7 ± 1 |
B | 6 ± 1 | 2 ± 0.4 | 2 ± 0.3 | 2 ± 0.2 | ND | 5 ± 1 | |||
C | 16 ± 0.4 | 4 ± 0.1 | 3 ± 0.1 | 5 ± 0.1 | 1 ± 0.0 | 9 ± 1 | |||
D | 9 ± 1 | 4 ± 0.4 | 4 ± 1 | 3 ± 1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 5 ± 0.4 | |||
Mean | 10 ± 4 * | 4 ± 1 * | 3 ± 1 | 3 ± 1 * | 0.5 ± 0.4 * | 6 ± 2 | |||
P. japonicus C.A. Meyer (Japanese ginseng) | Japan | Wood- cultivated | E | 7 ± 0.4 | 4 ± 0.2 | 3 ± 0.2 | 3 ± 0.3 | ND | 5 ± 1 |
F | 3 ± 1 | 4 ± 1 | ND | 2 ± 0.4 | ND | ND | |||
Mean | 5 ± 2 * | 4 ± 0.1 * | 2 ± 0.0 | 2 ± 1 * | ND | 3 ± 0.4 | |||
P. quinquefolius L. (American ginseng) | Canada | Truly wild | G | 42 ± 1 | 1 ± 0.1 | 5 ± 0.1 | 43 ± 1 | 3 ± 0.2 | 7 ± 0.1 |
United States | H | 41 ± 3 | 1 ± 0.1 | 5 ± 0.3 | 22 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | 1 ± 0.1 | ||
Wisconsin | I | 39 ± 2 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 2 ± 0.2 | 31 ± 2 | 6 ± 1 | 3 ± 0.2 | ||
Mean | 41 ± 1 * | 1 ± 0.3 * | 4 ± 2 | 32 ± 10 * | 6 ± 3 * | 3 ± 0.1 | |||
Wood- cultivated | J | 51 ± 4 | 1 ± 0.1 | 5 ± 1 | 26 ± 2 | 3 ± 1 | 1 ± 0.1 | ||
K | 46 ± 4 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 3 ± 1 | 15 ± 2 | 3 ± 1 | 12 ± 4 | |||
Mean | 48 ± 3 * | 1 ± 0.1 * | 4 ± 2 | 20 ± 7 * | 3 ± 0.2 * | 6 ± 8 | |||
Wild- simulated | L | 4 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 1 ± 0.1 | 1 ± 0.2 | ND | 6 ± 1 |
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Yang, L.; Li, C.-L.; Cheng, Y.-Y.; Tsai, T.-H. Development of a Validated UPLC-MS/MS Method for Analyzing Major Ginseng Saponins from Various Ginseng Species. Molecules 2019, 24, 4065. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224065
Yang L, Li C-L, Cheng Y-Y, Tsai T-H. Development of a Validated UPLC-MS/MS Method for Analyzing Major Ginseng Saponins from Various Ginseng Species. Molecules. 2019; 24(22):4065. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224065
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Ling, Chi-Lin Li, Yung-Yi Cheng, and Tung-Hu Tsai. 2019. "Development of a Validated UPLC-MS/MS Method for Analyzing Major Ginseng Saponins from Various Ginseng Species" Molecules 24, no. 22: 4065. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224065