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Review

Review of Alternative Solvents for Green Extraction of Food and Natural Products: Panorama, Principles, Applications and Prospects

by
Farid Chemat
*,
Maryline Abert Vian
*,
Harish Karthikeyan Ravi
,
Boutheina Khadhraoui
,
Soukaina Hilali
,
Sandrine Perino
and
Anne-Sylvie Fabiano Tixier
GREEN Extraction Team, INRA, UMR408, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2019, 24(16), 3007; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24163007
Submission received: 14 July 2019 / Revised: 11 August 2019 / Accepted: 15 August 2019 / Published: 19 August 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Extraction of Natural Products)
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Abstract

In recent years, almost all extraction processes in the perfume, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food ingredients, nutraceuticals, biofuel and fine chemical industries rely massively on solvents, the majority of which have petroleum origins. The intricate processing steps involved in the industrial extraction cycle makes it increasingly difficult to predict the overall environmental impact; despite the tremendous energy consumption and the substantial usage of solvents, often the yields are indicated in decimals. The ideal alternative solvents suitable for green extraction should have high solvency, high flash points with low toxicity and low environmental impacts, be easily biodegradable, obtained from renewable (non-petrochemical) resources at a reasonable price and should be easy to recycle without any deleterious effect to the environment. Finding the perfect solvent that meets all the aforementioned requirements is a challenging task, thus the decision for the optimum solvent will always be a compromise depending on the process, the plant and the target molecules. The objective of this comprehensive review is to furnish a vivid picture of current knowledge on alternative, green solvents used in laboratories and industries alike for the extraction of natural products focusing on original methods, innovation, protocols, and development of safe products.
Keywords: alternative solvents; green extraction; bio-based solvent; ionic liquids; NADES; water; solvent-free; compressed gas; supercritical solvent; intensification alternative solvents; green extraction; bio-based solvent; ionic liquids; NADES; water; solvent-free; compressed gas; supercritical solvent; intensification
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MDPI and ACS Style

Chemat, F.; Abert Vian, M.; Ravi, H.K.; Khadhraoui, B.; Hilali, S.; Perino, S.; Fabiano Tixier, A.-S. Review of Alternative Solvents for Green Extraction of Food and Natural Products: Panorama, Principles, Applications and Prospects. Molecules 2019, 24, 3007. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24163007

AMA Style

Chemat F, Abert Vian M, Ravi HK, Khadhraoui B, Hilali S, Perino S, Fabiano Tixier A-S. Review of Alternative Solvents for Green Extraction of Food and Natural Products: Panorama, Principles, Applications and Prospects. Molecules. 2019; 24(16):3007. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24163007

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chemat, Farid, Maryline Abert Vian, Harish Karthikeyan Ravi, Boutheina Khadhraoui, Soukaina Hilali, Sandrine Perino, and Anne-Sylvie Fabiano Tixier. 2019. "Review of Alternative Solvents for Green Extraction of Food and Natural Products: Panorama, Principles, Applications and Prospects" Molecules 24, no. 16: 3007. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24163007

APA Style

Chemat, F., Abert Vian, M., Ravi, H. K., Khadhraoui, B., Hilali, S., Perino, S., & Fabiano Tixier, A.-S. (2019). Review of Alternative Solvents for Green Extraction of Food and Natural Products: Panorama, Principles, Applications and Prospects. Molecules, 24(16), 3007. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24163007

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