Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Hypolipidemic Effects of Mixed Nuts in Atherogenic Diet-Fed Rats
School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Molecules 2018, 23(12), 3126; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123126
Received: 29 October 2018 / Revised: 26 November 2018 / Accepted: 27 November 2018 / Published: 29 November 2018
(This article belongs to the Collection Bioactive Compounds)
Nut consumption is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Because most studies have administered single nut varieties, it is unknown whether mixed nuts will also reduce CVD risk. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of mixed nut and pistachio consumption on lipid profiles, glucose, inflammation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity in rats fed an atherogenic diet. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (21 days old) were assigned into three groups (n = 10) based on initial body weight and fed either an isocaloric control diet (no nuts), 8.1% pistachio diet (single nut), or 7.5% mixed nut diet (almonds, brazil nuts, cashews, macadamia nuts, peanuts, pecans, pistachios, and walnuts) for 8 weeks. Both pistachios and mixed nuts significantly decreased triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05) compared with controls. Both nut groups exhibited reductions in C-reactive protein (p = 0.045) and oxidative stress (p = 0.004). The mixed nut group had greater superoxide dismutase (p = 0.004) and catalase (p = 0.044) and lower aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.048) activities. Gene expression for Fas, Hmgcr, and Cox2 was downregulated for both nut groups compared to controls (p < 0.05). In conclusion, mixed nuts and individual nut varieties have comparable effects on CVD risk factors in rats.
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Keywords:
nuts; pistachio; lipid profile; antioxidant; oxidative stress
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MDPI and ACS Style
Hong, M.Y.; Groven, S.; Marx, A.; Rasmussen, C.; Beidler, J. Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Hypolipidemic Effects of Mixed Nuts in Atherogenic Diet-Fed Rats. Molecules 2018, 23, 3126. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123126
AMA Style
Hong MY, Groven S, Marx A, Rasmussen C, Beidler J. Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Hypolipidemic Effects of Mixed Nuts in Atherogenic Diet-Fed Rats. Molecules. 2018; 23(12):3126. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123126
Chicago/Turabian StyleHong, Mee Y.; Groven, Shauna; Marx, Amanda; Rasmussen, Caitlin; Beidler, Joshua. 2018. "Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Hypolipidemic Effects of Mixed Nuts in Atherogenic Diet-Fed Rats" Molecules 23, no. 12: 3126. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123126
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