Applications of Immunohistochemical Staining in Brain Diseases

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) can be used to qualitatively or quantitatively recognize analytes involving peptides, proteins, or small molecules. The IHC technique can link to molecular imaging, bioinformatics analysis, artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods, therapeutic targeting with brain therapy, and basic research in brain diseases. Advances in IHC-related applications enable early detection and precise treatment in disease management. This Topic aims to apply cutting-edge research into multidisciplinary frontier viewpoints to various novelty concerns and provide insights into clinical issues underlying recent advances in aspects of disease treatment. Authors are invited to submit both reviews and original articles to our Topic collection. Potential subject include, but are not limited to:

1. Biomarkers or risk factors involving neuroinflammation or mitochondrial function in cell-to-animal innovative research of disease;
2. Diagnostic strategies targeting various brain diseases;
3. Molecular imaging that can reflect or predict disease development;
4. Bench-to-bedside applications to disease diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcome, including IHC-based molecular or pharmacological interventions;
5. Biocybernetics and big data processing of large databases and genomics interactions using bioinformatics approaches;
6. Label the biomarkers for targeting brain diseases.

Prof. Dr. Andrew Chih Wei Huang
Dr. Bai Chuang Shyu
Prof. Dr. Seong Soo A. An
Dr. Anna Kozłowska
Topic Editors

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Brain Sciences brainsci	2.7	4.8	2011	15.6 Days	CHF 2200
Cells cells	5.1	9.9	2012	17 Days	CHF 2700
Diagnostics diagnostics	3.0	4.7	2011	20.3 Days	CHF 2600
International Journal of Molecular Sciences ijms	4.9	8.1	2000	16.8 Days	CHF 2900
Journal of Personalized Medicine jpm	-	4.1	2011	17.4 Days	CHF 2600

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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All Brain Sciences Cells Diagnostics IJMS JPM

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21 pages, 7276 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

The P2X7 Hypothesis of Central Post-Stroke Pain

by Andrew Chih Wei Huang, Hsi-Chien Shih and Bai Chuang Shyu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(12), 6577; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126577 - 14 Jun 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1225

Abstract

The present study examined how P2X7 receptor knockout (KO) modulates central post-stroke pain (CPSP) induced by lesions of the ventrobasal complex (VBC) of the thalamus in behaviors, molecular levels, and electrical recording tests. Following the experimental procedure, the wild-type and P2X7 receptor KO [...] Read more.

The present study examined how P2X7 receptor knockout (KO) modulates central post-stroke pain (CPSP) induced by lesions of the ventrobasal complex (VBC) of the thalamus in behaviors, molecular levels, and electrical recording tests. Following the experimental procedure, the wild-type and P2X7 receptor KO mice were injected with 10 mU/0.2 μL type IV collagenase in the VBC of the thalamus to induce an animal model of stroke-like thalamic hemorrhage. Behavioral data showed that the CPSP group induced thermal and mechanical pain. The P2X7 receptor KO group showed reduced thermal and mechanical pain responses compared to the CPSP group. Molecular assessments revealed that the CPSP group had lower expression of NeuN and KCC2 and higher expression of GFAP, IBA1, and BDNF. The P2X7 KO group showed lower expression of GFAP, IBA1, and BDNF but nonsignificant differences in KCC2 expression than the CPSP group. The expression of NKCC1, GABAa receptor, and TrkB did not differ significantly between the control, CPSP, and P2X7 receptor KO groups. Muscimol, a GABAa agonist, application increased multiunit numbers for monitoring many neurons and [Cl⁻] outflux in the cytosol in the CPSP group, while P2X7 receptor KO reduced multiunit activity and increased [Cl⁻] influx compared to the CPSP group. P2X4 receptor expression was significantly decreased in the 100 kDa but not the 50 kDa site in the P2X7 receptor KO group. Altogether, the P2X7 hypothesis of CPSP was proposed, wherein P2X7 receptor KO altered the CPSP pain responses, numbers of astrocytes and microglia, CSD amplitude of the anterior cingulate cortex and the medial dorsal thalamus, BDNF expression, [Cl⁻] influx, and P2X4 expression in 100 kDa with P2X7 receptors. The present findings have implications for the clinical treatment of CPSP symptoms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Applications of Immunohistochemical Staining in Brain Diseases)

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12 pages, 3877 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

A Scalable Histological Method to Embed and Section Multiple Brains Simultaneously

by Divine C. Nwafor, Stanley A. Benkovic, Briana L. Clary, Allison L. Brichacek, H. Wayne Lambert, Matthew J. Zdilla and Candice M. Brown

Cells 2024, 13(10), 860; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13100860 - 17 May 2024

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Abstract

The preparation and processing of rodent brains for evaluation by immunohistochemistry is time-consuming. A large number of mouse brains are routinely used in experiments in neuroscience laboratories to evaluate several models of human diseases. Thus, methods are needed to reduce the time associated [...] Read more.

The preparation and processing of rodent brains for evaluation by immunohistochemistry is time-consuming. A large number of mouse brains are routinely used in experiments in neuroscience laboratories to evaluate several models of human diseases. Thus, methods are needed to reduce the time associated with processing brains for histology. A scalable method was developed to embed, section, and stain multiple mouse brains using supplies found in any common histology laboratory. Section collection schemes can be scaled to provide identical bregma locations between adjacent sections for immunohistochemistry, facilitating comprehensive, high-quality immunohistochemistry. As a result, sectioning and staining times are considerably reduced as sections from multiple blocks are stained simultaneously. This method improves on previous procedures and allows multiple embedding and subsequent immunostaining of brains easily with a dramatically reduced time requirement. Furthermore, we expand this method for use in numerous mouse tissues, rat brain tissue, and post-mortem human brain and arterial tissues. In summary, this procedure allows the processing of many rodent or human tissues from perfusion through microscopy in 10 days or less. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Applications of Immunohistochemical Staining in Brain Diseases)

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