Personalized Nutrition and Dietary Interventions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Dear Colleagues,

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease and Ulcerative Colitis, involves chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, significantly impacting nutritional status and quality of life. Diet plays a crucial role in both triggering symptoms and managing the disease. Malnutrition, including protein/energy deficits, weight loss, and specific micronutrient deficiencies (e.g., iron, B12, vitamin D, and zinc), is prevalent due to reduced intake, malabsorption, increased requirements, and drug–nutrient interactions. Nutritional assessment is therefore fundamental in IBD care. Dietary interventions are key components of management, ranging from exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) for inducing remission, particularly in pediatric Crohn's disease, to modified food-based diets aimed at symptom control and potentially maintaining remission. Strategies like low-FODMAP diets, specific carbohydrate diets, and adjustments in fiber and fat intake require careful consideration and individualization. Registered Dietitians are essential members of the multidisciplinary team, providing personalized medical nutrition therapy, guiding patients through complex dietary modifications, addressing nutritional adequacy, and supporting long-term dietary adherence. Further research is needed, but optimizing nutritional care remains paramount for improving clinical outcomes, managing symptoms, and enhancing the overall well-being of individuals living with IBD.

Prof. Dr. Bahram H. Arjmandi
Guest Editor

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