Background: Although human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoir size is very stable under antiretroviral therapy (ART), individuals exposed to the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) (chronically coinfected and spontaneous clarifiers) show an increase...
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major global health issue, with an estimated 254 million people living with chronic HBV infection worldwide as of 2022. Chronic HBV infection is the leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Current treatment with nucl...
Viruses are widely distributed in various ecosystems and have important impacts on microbial evolution, community structure and function and nutrient cycling in the environment. Viral abundance, diversity and distribution are important for a better u...
The HIV reservoir size in target CD4+ T cells during primary infection remains unknown. Here, we sorted peripheral and intestinal CD4+ T cells and quantified the levels of cell-associated SIV RNA and DNA in rhesus macaques within days of SIVmac251 in...
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically suppressed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and become undetectable viremia. However, a small number of residual replication-competent HIV proviruses can still persist in a latent state even...
Historically, mpox was thought to be a geographically constrained ‘disease of poverty,’ leading to decades of neglect by global health actors. Waning population immunity from the cessation of smallpox vaccination and prolonged scientific...
Compositions of microbial communities associated with blooms of algae in a storage reservoir in Macau, China were investigated between 2013 and 2016. Algae were enumerated by visible light microscopy. Profiles of organisms in water were examined by 1...
Human Papillomaviruses have co-evolved with their human host, with each of the over 200 known HPV types infecting distinct epithelial niches to cause diverse disease pathologies. Despite the success of prophylactic vaccines in preventing high-risk HP...
Background/Objectives: Over the last decades, our projects have been dedicated to clarifying immunopathological and virological events associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Methods: By using non-human primate models of pathoge...
Persistent HIV-1 reservoirs remain a major barrier to a durable functional cure despite long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Although resting memory CD4+ T cells constitute the best-characterized cellular reservoir, tissue microenvironments...
Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, several variants of concern (VOCs) have been identified, many of which share recurrent mutations in the spike glycoprotein’s receptor-binding domain (RBD). This region coincides with known epitopes and can th...
HIV establishes a persistent viral reservoir in the brain despite viral suppression in blood to undetectable levels on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The brain viral reservoir in virally suppressed HIV+ individuals is not well-characterized. In this s...
The role of immune checkpoints (ICPs) in both anti-HIV T cell exhaustion and HIV reservoir persistence, has suggested that an HIV cure therapeutic strategy could involve ICP blockade. We studied the impact of anti-PD-1 therapy on HIV reservoirs and a...
Despite the remarkable success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in suppressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication, viral persistence remains a major barrier to cure. This persistence is sustained by heterogeneous cellular reservoi...
Ebola virus disease (EVD) has traditionally been considered an acute infection characterized by high mortality and severe systemic inflammation. However, growing evidence accumulated over the last decade has progressively challenged this view, demons...
Acute HIV-1 infection (AHI) is a transient period where the virus causes evident damage to the immune system, including an extensive apoptosis of CD4+ T cells associated with a high level of activation and a major cytokine storm to fight the invading...
CD4+ T cells are principal targets for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. CD4+ T cell subsets are heterogeneous cell populations, divided by functional and phenotypic differences into naïve and memory T cells. The memory CD4+ T ce...
Long COVID (LC), also known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 infection (PASC), is a heterogeneous and debilitating chronic disease that currently affects 10 to 20 million people in the U.S. and over 420 million people globally. With no approved tre...
Coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) influences HIV reservoir size. However, it is unknown whether this coinfection also induces a higher provirus transcription. Viral transcription is promoted by synergy between cellular factors such as NF-&kapp...
Increasing numbers of HIV-infected individuals have access to potent antiretroviral drugs that control viral replication and decrease the risk of transmission. However, there is no cure for HIV and new strategies have to be developed to reach an erad...
While antiretroviral drugs have transformed the lives of HIV-infected individuals, chronic treatment is required to prevent rebound from viral reservoir cells. People living with HIV also are at higher risk for cardiovascular and neurocognitive compl...
Polyomaviruses establish long-term infection in the kidney and are intermittently shed in urine. However, the relationship between kidney-resident viral genomes and urinary shedding during persistent infection remains poorly defined. Using a genetica...
The persistence of HIV-1 viral reservoirs in the brain, despite treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), remains a critical roadblock for the development of a novel cure strategy for HIV-1. To enhance our understanding of viral reser...
Bats have been identified as reservoir hosts for an exceptional diversity of viruses, including multiple taxa of high zoonotic concern. Over a hundred bat species inhabit Vietnam, which, combined with significant biodiversity, carry high risk of zoon...
Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, HIV persists in diverse tissue reservoirs that pose major barriers to a cure. This review examines the heterogeneous maintenance mechanisms of HIV reservoirs in lymph nodes, intestinal mucosa, and the central...
HIV-1 infection cannot be cured due to the presence of HIV-1 latently infected cells. These cells do not produce the virus, but they can resume virus production at any time in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, people living with HIV (...
The extent to which perinatally HIV-infected children, following cART initiation, develop a low proviral reservoir burden over time, as measured by HIV DNA droplet-digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) and the effect on HIV antibody is not well c...
15 December 2023
In aquatic systems, the impact of the viral regulation of bacterial carbon metabolism (BCM) is often overlooked compared with nutrient supply. To address this gap, an investigation was conducted in the euphotic and aphotic zones of a mesotrophic fres...
Gut-associated lymph nodes (GALNs) constitute an important anatomical reservoir during early and chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection, but the fate of this compartment during terminal AIDS remains u...
Epidemic Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), defined by co-infection with Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV-8) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), is a major cause of mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) significantly reduces the ri...
Drug resistance prevents the successful treatment of HIV-positive individuals by decreasing viral sensitivity to a drug or a class of drugs. In addition to transmitted resistant viruses, treatment-naïve individuals can be confronted with the problem...
Bats are increasingly recognized as reservoirs for many different viruses that threaten public health, such as Hendravirus, Ebolavirus, Nipahvirus, and SARS- and MERS-coronavirus. To assess spillover risk, viromes of bats from different parts of the...
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating chronic condition without a definitive aetiology, no reliable diagnostic test, and no proven effective treatment. Despite most patients reporting a post-viral onset of illn...
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is considered an emerging disease and a viral pandemic for tomato consumers. The objectives of this research were to analyze the biological and physicochemical characteristics of ToBRFV in tomato and tobacco p...
Worldwide, almost 40 million people are currently living with HIV-1. The implementation of cART inhibits HIV-1 replication and reduces viremia but fails to eliminate HIV-1 from latently infected cells. These cells are considered viral reservoirs from...
The development of next-generation HIV-1 therapeutics, including ultralong-acting antivirals, novel mechanistic classes, and curative immunotherapies, promises to overcome the limitations of lifelong, daily antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the...
Smear-ripened cheeses host complex microbial communities that play a crucial role in the ripening process. Although bacteriophages have been frequently isolated from dairy products, their diversity and ecological role in such this type of cheese rema...
The human gut microbiome is essential for immune regulation and mucosal homeostasis, functions that are profoundly disrupted during HIV infection. Early viral replication in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) triggers a self-reinforcing cycle...
African swine fever virus (ASFV), a highly contagious and lethal virus affecting domestic and wild pigs, has raised global concerns due to its continued spread across Europe and Asia. While traditional transmission pathways involve suids and soft tic...
Theories on the early steps of the HIV-1 life cycle have been radically revised over the past five years. The long-held assumption that the capsid fully disassembles in the cytoplasm has given way to a more nuanced view: Cytoplasmic disassembly does...
Advances in antiretroviral therapy have prolonged the life of people living with HIV and diminished the level of virus in these individuals. Yet, HIV quickly rebounds after disruption and/or cessation of treatment due to significant cellular and anat...
Protease inhibitors (PIs) remain important components of HIV-2 treatment, but resistance genotyping is frequently challenging in individuals with low or undetectable plasma viremia. Proviral DNA sequencing may provide access to archived viral variant...
Marburg virus (MARV), the causative agent of Marburg virus disease, emerges sporadically in sub-Saharan Africa and is often fatal in humas. The natural reservoir for this zoonotic virus is the frugivorous Egyptian rousette bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus)...
Long-lasting COVID-19 (long COVID) diseases constitute a real life-changing burden for many patients around the globe and, overall, can be considered societal and economic issues. They include a variety of symptoms, such as fatigue, loss of smell (an...
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented global health crisis, with millions recovering from acute infection but experiencing lingering symptoms, collectively referred to as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), or “long COVID.&rdquo...
This article introduces and thoroughly examines a novel deterministic compartmental model of COVID-19 dynamics. The model uniquely incorporates compartments for symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals alongside an environmental reservoir for the pat...
Understanding HIV latent reservoirs in tissues is essential for the development of new strategies targeting these sites for eradication. Here, we assessed the size of latent reservoirs and the source of residual viruses in multiple lymphoid tissues o...
Finding a cure for HIV is challenging because the virus is able to integrate itself into the host cell genome and establish a silent state, called latency, allowing it to evade antiviral drugs and the immune system. Various “shock and kill&rdqu...
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a retrovirus that integrates into the host cell’s DNA as a provirus. Transcription from the provirus is regulated in large part by cellular proteins and epigenetic factors. These may be repressive...
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) greatly suppresses HIV replication, lymphoid tissues remain a sanctuary site where the virus may replicate. Tracking the earliest steps of HIV spread from these cellular reservoirs after drug cessation is pivotal...
of 17