Search Results (14,314)

Emergency and operating procedures in nuclear power plants usually require operators to search for information, judge system states, and make control decisions across several linked interfaces. Conventional TACOM assessment quantifies the structural complexity of such procedure-guided tasks, but it does not directly show how operators visually process the task during execution. This study examined whether eye-tracking features can provide preliminary process-level evidence for TACOM-based assessment, rather than replace the TACOM framework. We extracted 25 eye-tracking features from 21 nuclear engineering graduate students while they completed 17 SGTR/SLOCA procedure fragments in an M310 full-scope simulator. A partial least-squares regression model predicted task-level TACOM scores, with RMSE = 0.357, MAE = 0.300, and R² = 0.538 under leave-one-task-out cross-validation. The RMSE corresponded to 18.3% of the observed TACOM range (2.070–4.017), and prediction was more strongly associated with observed task ranking (Spearman’s rho = 0.775) than with exact linear calibration (Pearson’s r = 0.750). Feature analyses suggested that fixation–duration variability, fixation dwell, pupil response, gaze dynamics, and spatial sampling jointly carried TACOM-related information. Exploratory subdimension analyses further indicated that task scope was most consistently associated with fixation dwell and fixation-time proportion, whereas task uncertainty was more closely associated with pupil variability and spatial entropy. These findings suggest that eye tracking may complement TACOM by describing execution-process demands, although the evidence remains correlational and limited by the small task set, graduate student sample, and task interface variability. Future studies should validate the signatures with licensed operators, larger multi-scenario task sets, independent TACOM scoring, and step-level AOI analyses. Full article

Background and Objectives: Delayed contour irregularities may become apparent years after otherwise successful autologous rhinoplasty, particularly in patients with thin nasal skin. Thin-skinned rhinoplasty, autologous graft behavior, and nasal aging have been studied individually, but their potential interaction remains unclear. This review examines current evidence on age-related changes in the nasal soft-tissue envelope, thin nasal skin, autologous graft behavior, and their potential effects on long-term rhinoplasty outcomes. Materials and Methods: A structured narrative review was conducted using PubMed as the primary database, with supplementary searches of Google Scholar and reference lists. Four predefined search domains addressed thin nasal skin, nasal aging, autologous graft behavior, and preservation and camouflage techniques. The PubMed searches identified 463 records. After duplicate removal and title and abstract screening, 205 publications were retained for further assessment. Additional relevant publications were identified through supplementary searches. Evidence was synthesized qualitatively because of differences in study design, surgical technique, follow-up duration, and outcome assessment. Results: Thin nasal skin is associated with increased visibility of underlying structural features after rhinoplasty. Aging is associated with changes in skin thickness and elasticity, soft-tissue volume, and the underlying nasal framework. These findings provide a possible basis for changes in soft-tissue camouflage over time, but direct longitudinal evidence linking aging to delayed graft visibility is lacking. Late contour changes may also result from graft warping or resorption, scar remodeling, or changes in the native nasal framework. The ability of preservation and camouflage techniques to prevent aging-related delayed contour visibility has not been established. Conclusions: Age-related changes in the nasal soft-tissue envelope may contribute to delayed contour visibility after rhinoplasty. However, direct longitudinal evidence showing that these changes increase the visibility of an otherwise stable autologous graft is lacking. This relationship should therefore be considered a hypothesis rather than an established causal mechanism. Prospective longitudinal studies using objective measurements of soft-tissue thickness, graft morphology, and external nasal contour are needed to test this hypothesis. Full article

This study presents a data-driven Digital Twin framework designed for the non-invasive parameter optimization of closed-loop, factory-installed Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) systems for eco-driving without modifying electronic control unit (ECU) firmware or requiring external infrastructure. High-frequency telematics data (OBD-II and GPS) recorded from a production passenger vehicle along an 11.57 km mixed urban-suburban test corridor were used to calibrate a microscale Digital Twin in PTV Vissim based on Wiedemann 99 car-following logic. The calibrated model achieved satisfactory empirical agreement with baseline vehicle indicators (mean velocity difference of 2.84 km/h, net duration difference of 5 s, and volumetric fuel consumption difference of 0.01 L/100 km) alongside a route-level GEH traffic statistic of 2.67. An iterative, multi-criteria eco-driving search across approximately 100 simulation runs identified an optimal parameter configuration balancing energy conservation and travel time. The optimized Eco configuration reduced mean fuel consumption by 12% (from 4.91 to 4.33 L/100 km) with a 14% increase in trip duration (from 893 to 1019 s), while completely eliminating high-intensity acceleration events (>1.5 m/s²) and decreasing strong braking instances by 0.48 percentage points. The findings confirm that treating closed-source factory ACC logic as a bounded parametric search space provides a viable, non-invasive decision-support alternative to invasive, complex control architectures on standard fleet vehicles. Full article

Background: The current evidence regarding the impact of augmented reality (AR) rehabilitation on motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP) remains limited. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether integrating AR motor training (ARMT) into conventional rehabilitation enhances gait and balance outcomes compared to conventional rehabilitation alone. Methods: Forty children aged 7 to 12 years with unilateral or bilateral spastic CP were randomly assigned to receive either ARMT integrated into a 4-week conventional rehabilitation program (n = 20) or conventional rehabilitation alone (n = 20). The ARMT replaced 20–30 min of standard motor therapy five days per week. Gait and balance were assessed pre- and post-intervention using an instrumented 10 m walk test with the G-Walk sensor, the MABC-2 one-leg balance task, and the Pediatric Balance Scale. Due to unavailability of data from five control-group participants, analyses were conducted on 35 children using available-case mixed-model approaches. Results: Nominally significant between-group differences in pre- to post-intervention changes were observed for left stride cycle duration (mean difference: −0.083 s; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [−0.166, −0.0002]; p = 0.049), right stride cycle duration (−0.095 s; 95% CI: [−0.185, −0.006]; p = 0.038), the coefficient of variation of the first double-support phase on the right side (−8.91 percentage points; 95% CI: [−17.39, −0.44]; p = 0.040), and the left propulsion index (2.42 m/s²; 95% CI: [0.39, 4.45]; p = 0.021). No statistically significant differences were detected between groups for balance measures, gait speed, stride length, gait quality, or symmetry. Conclusions: Incorporation of four weeks of ARMT into conventional rehabilitation did not yield substantial additional benefits for gait or balance in this cohort. The observed effects on gait timing, variability, and propulsion are exploratory and warrant validation in larger, adequately powered studies with pre-specified primary outcomes. Full article

Background: Optimal tracheostomy timing remains controversial due to conflicting evidence across published systematic reviews. To clarify this ambiguity within specific patient populations (critically ill, traumatic brain injury, stroke, trauma, COVID-19, and spinal cord injury), an umbrella review of systematic reviews was conducted comparing early versus late tracheostomy or prolonged intubation. Additionally, potential benefits in clinical outcomes were evaluated across a mixed-etiology cohort of mechanically ventilated patients. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from inception through July 2024. Systematic reviews evaluating the impact of tracheostomy timing on mechanical ventilation duration, ventilator-associated pneumonia risk, ICU/hospital length of stay, and mortality were included. Two authors independently extracted data using a standardized form. Methodological quality was assessed via AMSTAR 2 and certainty of evidence via GRADE. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for each outcome, stratified by study design (RCTs vs. non-RCTs), with subgroup analyses exploring patient subpopulations. Results: Evidence was synthesized from 9 systematic reviews (24 unique RCTs, 54 non-RCTs). In RCTs, moderate certainty evidence suggests that early tracheostomy reduces ventilator-associated pneumonia (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.94, p = 0.02) and mechanical ventilation duration (MD −3.76 days, 95% CI −6.01 to −1.52, p < 0.001) compared to late tracheostomy or prolonged intubation. Early tracheostomy may reduce ICU length of stay (MD −6.64 days, 95% CI −9.92 to −3.35, p < 0.001, low certainty). The effect of early tracheostomy on hospital length of stay and mortality remains uncertain. Conclusions: Early tracheostomy shows potential to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia and mechanical ventilation duration in mixed-etiology cohorts. It may also be associated with shorter ICU length of stay, while its effect on mortality and hospital stay remains uncertain. Future research should establish standardized definitions of tracheostomy timing and prioritize high-quality, etiology-specific RCTs in underrepresented cohorts (e.g., traumatic brain injury, stroke, spinal cord injury). Full article

Background/Objectives: The mortality rate for acute high-risk and intermediate–high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) was high despite treatment with heparin anticoagulation alone. Although adjunctive systemic thrombolysis can significantly reduce mortality, it still increases the incidence of major bleeding. Ultrasound-facilitated catheter-directed thrombolysis (USCDT) has been shown to reduce the incidence of major bleeding; however, the optimal treatment duration remains uncertain. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 155 hospitalized patients with acute PE who underwent USCDT between January 2017 and June 2025 in the intensive care unit at China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. Patients were categorized into four groups based on average usage time: <20, 20–29, 30–39, and ≥40 h. The primary endpoints were 30-day all-cause mortality rate and major bleeding. Covariates associated with 30-day all-cause mortality were estimated and adjusted using logistic regression modeling. Results: Across all treatment groups, USCDT significantly reduced systolic pulmonary artery (PA) pressure (26.9%), mean PA pressure (21.0%), fibrinogen levels (25.2%), and right ventricle-to-left ventricle diameter ratio (21.5%) (all p < 0.001). Compared with the group with a USCDT ≥ 40 h, the group with a USCDT < 20 h had a lower odds ratio for 30-day all-cause mortality (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.07–1.81). A similar benefit was observed for a USCDT 20–29 h. Conclusions: USCDT < 20 or 20–29 h (mean 15–20 mg alteplase) may provide an optimal balance between efficacy and safety by reducing 30-day all-cause mortality and major bleeding in patients with acute PE. Full article

Background/Objectives: First-trimester anatomical screening (FTAS) enables early detection of fetal structural anomalies. However, data on transvaginal ultrasound performance across different operator experience levels remains limited. The primary objective was to compare the performance of transvaginal FTAS between inexperienced and experienced operators by comparing complete scan rates and anatomical visualization scores. The secondary objectives were to compare scan duration and learning curves between the two operators and to identify factors associated with successful examinations. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, participants underwent transvaginal FTAS performed either by a first-year maternal–fetal medicine (MFM) fellow (inexperienced operator) or an MFM specialist (experienced operator) according to International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) guidelines. Complete scan rates, anatomical visualization scores, scan duration, factors affecting visualization, and learning curves were compared between groups. Results: A total of 139 participants were included in the analysis, with 70 and 69 examinations performed by the inexperienced and experienced operators, respectively. Complete scan rates and visualization scores were not significantly different between groups (41.4% vs. 44.9% and 86.4% vs. 91.2%, respectively). On multivariate analysis, operator experience was independently associated with higher visualization scores (p = 0.010), but not complete scan rates. Scan duration was similar between groups (median (IQR): 20 (17) vs. 20 (15) min; p = 0.211). Fetal presentation and uterine position significantly influenced visualization outcomes. The inexperienced operator demonstrated a trend of gradual improvement over time, though not significantly, whereas the experienced operator maintained stable performance throughout the study period. Conclusions: After training, no statistically significant differences were observed between less experienced and experienced operators with respect to complete scan rate, scan duration, and learning curve, although visualization score was significantly higher in the experienced examiner on multivariate analysis. However, our findings should be interpreted with caution, as the conclusions were based on the performance of only one examiner in each group. Full article

Background/Objectives: Food insecurity has been associated with adverse eating patterns, which increase the risk for overweight and obesity. However, most studies measure food insecurity and eating behaviors cross-sectionally, not assessing whether experiencing food insecurity over time influences eating behaviors. Therefore, this study assessed the relationship between cumulative food insecurity and food approach and food avoidance eating behaviors and evaluated the effect of breastfeeding intensity and duration on this relationship. Methods: The Study of Women, Infant Feeding and Type 2 Diabetes after Gestational Diabetes Pregnancy (SWIFT) is a prospective longitudinal cohort of 1033 mothers diagnosed with gestational diabetes and their youth. Breastfeeding intensity and duration were assessed at research visits and through mailed monthly surveys from birth to one year postpartum. The SWIFT study in Youth (SWIFT-Y) was a cohort of 701 SWIFT offspring that consented to participate in a research visit 11–16 years postpartum. Youth’s BMI was measured at 11–16 years old through a research visit or their electronic health record. At each of the four research visits (6–9 weeks, one year, two years, and 11–16 years postpartum), participants were categorized as being food secure (0) or food insecure (1). Scores across the four visits were summed (range 0–4), reflecting the number of assessments one was classified as food insecure. The Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire was used to measure the prevalence of eight eating behaviors in the youth, with higher scores indicating that the behaviors were more apparent. According to the measure, the behaviors were categorized into two groups: food approach and food avoidance. Food approach consists of youth’s food responsiveness, emotional overeating, enjoyment of food, and desire to drink, and has been positively associated with a child’s BMI. Food avoidance includes the youth’s satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating, emotional undereating, and food fussiness, and is negatively associated with BMI. Linear regressions assessed whether cumulative food insecurity was associated with eating patterns, and exploratory analysis analyzed whether this relationship differed by breastfeeding duration (<six months, ≥six months) and intensity (exclusive, not exclusive), controlling for the child’s BMI and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: In this complete-case secondary analysis (n = 321), each additional experience of food insecurity was associated with a higher food approach score (B = 0.30, 95% CI [0.04, 0.57], p = 0.03), but not food avoidance (B = −0.03, 95% CI [−0.21, 0.15], p = 0.74). These results varied by breastfeeding duration (B = −0.74, p = 0.001), as the relationship remained significant among those who were breastfed for <six months (B = 0.73, p < 0.001) but was attenuated among those who were breastfed for ≥six months (B = −0.26, p = 0.18). Conclusions: Experiencing food insecurity more during childhood is associated with adverse eating patterns at 11–16 years old. However, breastfeeding for ≥six months influenced this relationship, suggesting that early-life feeding may impact the effect of food insecurity on one’s eating behaviors later in life. Full article

Small inland lakes support substantial freshwater biodiversity, but independent fish surveys may be constrained by specialised equipment, trained personnel, seasonal replication, and sustained funding. This study evaluated whether repeated observations of routine commercial gillnet catches could characterise the gillnet-catchable fish subcommunity of Çaltıcak (Taşkısığı) Lake, a shallow, approximately 90-ha groundwater-fed lake in Sakarya Province, Türkiye, and support surveillance of the non-indigenous Carassius gibelio. Fish were obtained over 17 sampling nights from 12 February to 3 June 2026 using five separate single-mesh monofilament gillnets (40, 50, 60, 75, and 80 mm mesh-bar length). Total design-based nominal mounted-area effort was 22,451.7086 m²-night, and catch was expressed as area-standardised numerical and biomass catch per unit effort (NPUE and BPUE). A total of 863 individuals from eight species were examined. Blicca bjoerkna, C. gibelio, and Scardinius erythrophthalmus were the most numerically represented species. C. gibelio constituted 26.42% of the examined catch and had a strongly female-biased catch composition (95.2% female). Smaller-bodied cyprinids occurred mainly in 40–50 mm meshes, whereas Cyprinus carpio and Silurus glanis occurred mainly in 80 and 60 mm meshes, respectively; Esox lucius was an exception, occurring mainly in 40–50 mm meshes. The combined catch corresponded to 0.038438 individuals m⁻² night⁻¹ and 0.015831 kg m⁻² night⁻¹. Approximate overnight soak duration varied seasonally from 9 to 16 h, but exact set and retrieval clock times were not recorded. Deployment coordinates were also not recorded, and sampling was confined to routine commercial fishing zones during February–June. Accordingly, the findings apply only to the gillnet-catchable fish subcommunity and must not be interpreted as a lake-wide fish-community or stock estimate. Repeated monitoring with georeferenced deployment and exact effort records would strengthen this catch-based baseline. Full article

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a broadband photonic approach to linear frequency-modulated (LFM) microwave signal generation based on segmented parabolic phase modulation and synchronous recirculating phase accumulation. The expanded quadratic-phase trajectory is mapped onto an amplitude-limited segmented parabolic waveform, thereby increasing the effective phase slope without requiring a proportional increase in the peak driving voltage. Meanwhile, a synchronized optical recirculating loop enables coherent phase accumulation over multiple modulation passes, providing further bandwidth enhancement. Numerical simulations verify the bandwidth scalability enabled by this two-stage phase-enhancement mechanism, achieving a maximum simulated bandwidth of 39.04 GHz. Experimentally, an LFM microwave signal with a duration of 512 ns and a bandwidth of 10.6 GHz is successfully generated, corresponding to a chirp rate of 20.70 GHz/μs, a time–bandwidth product (TBWP) of 5427.2, and a pulse-compression ratio (PCR) of 5429.48. The frequency-sweep linearity of the generated signal is measured to be 0.868%, demonstrating excellent linear frequency-sweep performance. Multiple independent measurements further confirm the stability and repeatability of the system, with the maximum measured bandwidth reaching 11.65 GHz. These results demonstrate that the proposed approach provides a scalable route to broadband LFM microwave signal generation, combining high chirp rates, large TBWPs, excellent frequency-sweep linearity, and good repeatability. Full article

Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) remains a significant public health concern. The molecular mechanisms underlying smoking-induced maternal-fetal impact remain incompletely understood. Newer omics platforms, such as cord blood adductomics, can provide preliminary insight into the “perinatal exposome” leading up to birth. The objective of this study is to explore the adductomic signatures of oxidant stress in cord blood associated with MSDP. In a cohort of mother-infant dyads enrolled at a single birth center in Chicago, IL (2008–2021), we conducted a secondary analysis of self-reported maternal smoking exposure data that was linked to an existent adductomics database of 105 addition products (adducts) measured in cord blood plasma. Principal component analysis (PCA), volcano plots and PERMANOVA were used to visualize the variability in adductomic profiles and to compare significantly increased and decreased adduct concentrations according to self-reported current-smokers, former-smokers, and never-smokers. N = 158 participants (N = 6 current-smokers, 26 former-smokers, and 126 never-smokers) had documented self-reported smoking status and were included in the analysis. PCA demonstrated separation between current-smokers and the other groups (R² = 0.026 for current vs. never-smokers, R² = 0.115 for current vs. former-smokers; Padj = 0.0075 for both) and no difference between former vs. never-smokers. Among 56 annotated adducts, 27 were increased in current vs. never-smokers, and 32 in current vs. former-smokers. Mode of delivery (p = 0.02) and maternal hypertension (p = 0.001) were significantly different among the three groups. Matched analysis by chronic hypertension (yes/no) supported the main finding that current-smoker adductomic profiles were distinct from both former (p = 0.015) and never-smoker (p = 0.0225) profiles. Self-reported MSDP appears to be associated with cord blood adductomic signatures of oxidant stress. Further studies are needed to determine how the duration, extent and timing of exposure correlate with exposomic changes at birth. Full article

Frequent heat-source drift and environmental disturbances keep hydrogen compressors in a state of thermal non-equilibrium, where transient interactions between thermal transpiration and Poiseuille flows significantly influence system stability and safety. The mechanisms by which time-dependent temperature patterns modulate this coupling remain insufficiently understood. This research addresses this knowledge gap by numerically solving slip-boundary Navier–Stokes equations for six periodic temperature waveforms: rectangular, segmented, square, Gaussian, triangular, and sinusoidal. The results indicate that the heating rate predominantly determines the intensity of forward Poiseuille flow, whereas cooling rate and plateau duration exert comparatively minor effects. Extending the high-temperature plateau from 0.1 to 0.5 s increases both thermal transpiration and backward Poiseuille peaks by more than 100 percent, while slower heating reduces forward Poiseuille peaks by up to 11 percent. Among the six waveforms, the square wave yields the highest peaks for all three flow components. These findings elucidate how waveform structures modulate transient flow responses and offer quantitative guidance for stability assessment and thermal management in hydrogen Knudsen compressors. Full article

Introduction: Conscious sedation (CS) is commonly recommended in pediatric dental clinics to manage uncooperative and anxious patients. Various routes of drug administration have been introduced to achieve effective CS. Among these, the intranasal (IN) route has gained popularity in dentistry due to its non-invasive nature. However, there is currently no comprehensive thematic review analyzing the efficacy and safety of drug regimens delivered via the intranasal route alone or in combination with other administration routes. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to thematically analyze the efficacy and safety of different drug regimens used for conscious sedation delivered through the intranasal route and/or in combination with other routes. Material and Method: This scoping review was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. The protocol was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF) prior to data extraction. Predefined inclusion criteria were developed, and five electronic databases were searched. The search identified a total of 239 articles from different databases. After evaluation and removal of duplicates, a total of 54 articles were assessed for full-text eligibility. Finally, 18 articles were included, and data extraction was performed. To develop themes the included articles were imported to the N-vivo software package. Results: Six themes and sixteen subthemes were developed. The major themes were route efficacy and behavioral outcomes, onset of action, patients’ acceptance and tolerance, special needs population, recovery and duration, safety profile and adverse events. Conclusion: Combined intranasal and oral conscious sedation is a generally safe and well-accepted approach in pediatric dentistry, but variations in recovery time, patient acceptance, and adverse events necessitate individualized sedation strategies. Full article

Background/Objectives: Aquatic therapy is widely used for children with cerebral palsy (CP), but existing approaches such as the Halliwick method focus primarily on postural control and mobility with limited active resistance exercise. The Bad Ragaz Ring Method (BRRM) integrates proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) diagonal patterns with closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise in the aquatic environment, yet its direct application to children with spastic CP has rarely been examined. This pilot study compared the effects of BRRM and the Halliwick method on muscle thickness, strength, and balance in verbally cooperative children with spastic CP. Methods: Twelve children with spastic CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] Levels I–II, aged 5–18 years) were randomly allocated to the BRRM group (n = 6) or the Halliwick group (n = 6), stratified by GMFCS level. Both groups received 40-min sessions twice weekly for 8 weeks (16 sessions). Transversus abdominis (TrA) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle thickness, ankle dorsiflexion (ADF) strength, one-leg stance (OLS) duration, and Timed Up and Go (TUG) performance were assessed at baseline and after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. A linear mixed model was used to analyze group × time interactions. Results: Significant group × time interactions were observed for TrA thickness (p = 0.02, partial η² = 0.65), ADF strength (p < 0.01, partial η² = 0.95), and OLS duration (p = 0.02, partial η² = 0.66), with larger changes in the BRRM group. No significant between-group differences were found for TA thickness or TUG performance. Conclusions: In verbally cooperative children with spastic CP at GMFCS Levels I–II, BRRM was associated with larger changes than the Halliwick method in deep trunk muscle thickness, ankle dorsiflexion strength, and static balance. These preliminary findings support further investigation of BRRM in larger randomized controlled trials. Full article

Tailings dam safety is a cornerstone of green and sustainable mine development. The instability of such facilities directly threatens the safety of surrounding ecosystems, human lives, and property, contravening the Sustainable Development Goals regarding clean water and terrestrial ecosystem protection. Rainfall is the primary external factor triggering tailings dam instability, yet the failure mechanisms may differ fundamentally depending on the temporal distribution of rainfall. Against the background of the Poyang Lake Basin, this study integrates observed rainfall data from 2020 to 2025 with a survey of 101 active tailings dams (of which Class IV dams account for 43.6% and upstream-method construction accounts for 88.1%), on the basis of which a representative Class IV upstream-method tailings dam is selected as the prototype. A coupled unsaturated seepage and stability numerical model is constructed, and two sets of rainfall scenarios are designed: one varying the rainfall peak position coefficient t and the other varying the rainfall duration. The results indicate that infiltration induced by short-duration intense rainfall is confined to shallow strata. The earlier the rainfall peak, the more fully the deep infiltration develops and the greater the factor of safety reduction, with the critical variable governing stability degradation being the length of time available for deep redistribution after the rainfall peak. Long-duration sustained rainfall drives an overall rise of the phreatic line, and the seepage response is dominated by the average rainfall intensity. Extending the duration cannot compensate for the attenuation of the infiltration driving force caused by the reduced rainfall intensity, and the core factor determining disaster risk is whether the average rainfall intensity can exceed the drainage threshold of the deep low-permeability layers. Within the Poyang Lake Basin, concentrated heavy continuous rainfall during the Meiyu period lasting 20 to 40 days represents the decisive working condition governing tailings dam stability and should be prioritized in flood-season safety supervision. The rainfall-driven instability mechanisms revealed in this study provide a theoretical basis for establishing differentiated monitoring and early-warning thresholds and for the sustainable operation of tailings dams. Full article