Search Results (1,163)

Urban cemeteries are essential yet spatially durable forms of civic infrastructure that increasingly accommodate ecological, cultural, heritage, and public-space functions alongside burial and mourning. This scoping review examines urban cemeteries as contested land-use systems in which infrastructural, environmental, and socio-cultural claims intersect and compete. A Web of Science search supplemented by citation tracking identified 112 peer-reviewed studies published during January 2010–April 2026. The literature was organized across three analytical domains—infrastructure and governance, environment and ecology, and society and culture—and synthesized in terms of planning tensions and responses. The findings reveal recurring tensions between burial capacity and perpetuity, ecological potential and environmental or managerial constraints, and expanded public use and expectations of solemnity, cultural recognition, and memorial continuity. Planning and management responses operate at the grave/plot, cemetery-site, and urban-system levels, while issues of cultural recognition and institutional coordination cut across these scales. Mitigation interventions often redistribute pressures among functions and spatial levels rather than fully resolving them. Therefore, their feasibility and transferability depend on locally specific legal, institutional, environmental, and cultural conditions. This review provides a planning-oriented framework for understanding cemetery adaptation as the negotiation of interconnected land-use tensions rather than the optimization of a single function. Full article

Farmland shelterbelts can provide broad microclimatic and production benefits, but these benefits may coexist with localized competition near the tree–crop interface. Their effects also vary with environmental conditions, shelterbelt attributes, and crop type. We searched Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for field studies conducted in China and published between 1980 and 2023. A total of 120 studies were retained, providing 1377 treatment–control comparisons. Log response ratios and random-effects models were used to quantify shelterbelt effects on wind speed, summer air temperature, air relative humidity, crop yield, thousand-grain weight, and crop yield in study-defined edge zones. Subgroup analyses examined the moderating effects of mean annual precipitation, shelterbelt structure, main−belt spacing, shelterbelt height, stand age, orientation, and crop type. Shelterbelts reduced wind speed and summer air temperature by 35.80% and 4.01%, respectively, and increased air relative humidity by 13.45%. Crop yield and thousand−grain weight increased by 16.57% and 12.28%, respectively, whereas crop yield in study−defined edge zones decreased by 20.47%. Shelterbelt height and stand age significantly moderated microclimatic responses and edge-zone yield loss, while crop type significantly moderated crop yield and thousand−grain weight. These results demonstrate that broad protective and production benefits can coexist with localized near−tree yield penalties. The findings provide evidence for context−specific shelterbelt management and highlight the need to account for spatial variation in tree–crop interactions. Full article

The urban heat island (UHI) effect has become a persistent climate-related challenge affecting sustainable urban development, with consequences for public health, thermal comfort, energy demand, and climate adaptation. Numerous studies have investigated UHI using diverse observational, modeling, and analytical approaches. However, existing approaches remain fragmented and lack standardized integrated assessment frameworks. This study aims to synthesize the contemporary methodologies in UHI assessment and provide an integrated framework that supports sustainable urban heat mitigation and decision-making. A PRISMA-inspired systematic review was conducted using Web of Science (WoS) and considered peer-reviewed English-language articles published between 2016 and 2026. In line with the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, studies were screened and classified into several methodological domains: urban characterization, microclimate monitoring, urban environmental indicators, spatial analysis, statistical modeling, cooling interventions, and sustainable assessment. Based on the synthesized evidence, a proposed integrated methodological framework was developed, providing a comprehensive foundation for researchers, urban planners, and decision-makers to design standardized UHI studies and support climate-resilient and sustainable urban development. Full article

Variations in the electrical signals of rock masses can reflect the development of internal fractures, pore fluid migration, and damage evolution, showing broad potential for the monitoring and early warning of engineering rock mass disasters. In recent years, with the continuous development of electrical resistivity tomography, time-lapse electrical monitoring, digital rock technology, and multiscale numerical simulation, research on rock mass electrical properties has gradually expanded from traditional resistivity measurements to fracture evolution characterization, damage identification, and instability precursor prediction. However, the electrical responses of rock masses are governed by multiple interacting factors, and different physical processes may produce similar or even opposing electrical anomalies. Existing studies have largely addressed conduction theories, monitoring methods, and engineering applications as separate aspects, while a systematic understanding of the mechanisms governing rock-mass electrical responses under different conditions, as well as their intrinsic relationships with conductive network evolution, remains lacking. This review is mainly based on 153 representative publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection from 1998 to 2026 and systematically summarizes research progress on the electrical responses of rock masses over nearly three decades. With the conductive network as the central theme, this review comprehensively analyzes multiphase conduction theories, electrical monitoring techniques, conductive network evolution mechanisms, and engineering applications. Rock mass electrical responses originate from the charge transport process within the internal multiphase conductive network. The propagation of fractures, variation of pore structures, fluid migration, and multi-physics coupling continuously change the number, connectivity, and spatial distribution of conductive paths, thereby resulting in dynamic variations of electrical parameters such as resistivity. As rock masses evolve from stable damage to critical instability, the conductive network gradually shifts from local adjustment to rapid reconstruction and critical connectivity, accompanied by abrupt changes in resistivity, enhanced electrical anisotropy, and temporal anomalies. Even during quiet periods of acoustic emission, resistivity can continuously reflect crack propagation and conductive network reconstruction, providing complementary information for the identification of instability precursors. The main contribution of this review is to link the multiphase conduction mechanisms, electrical monitoring methods, resistivity variation characteristics, and damage-to-instability processes of rock masses and to systematically summarize the intrinsic relationships among charge transport, conductive network reconstruction, macroscopic electrical responses, and rock damage and instability. On this basis, an integrated analytical framework from conduction mechanisms to damage characterization and instability precursor identification is established, providing new insights into establishing quantitative relationships among conductive network structure, charge transport processes, and electrical responses, as well as developing electrical theories and intelligent monitoring and early-warning methods for rock masses under multiscale and multi-physics coupling conditions. Full article

Titanium and its alloys remain the dominant materials in oral implantology, but degradation products released through corrosion, tribocorrosion, and wear are biologically active. This critical narrative review examines oxidized-lipid signaling and ferroptosis as candidate downstream mechanisms connecting titanium-associated redox dysregulation with peri-implant bone loss. A targeted literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus was updated through 2 August 2026 and integrated evidence from dental peri-implant studies, titanium-particle osteolysis models, and broader skeletal research. Titanium-derived particles can promote mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, membrane phospholipid peroxidation, reactive aldehyde formation, and oxidized-phospholipid signaling. Experimental titanium-particle models demonstrate GPX4 repression and osteoblast ferroptosis, while skeletal studies indicate that ferroptotic dysfunction of osteoblasts and osteocytes can impair mineralization, increase the RANKL/OPG ratio, and favor osteoclastogenesis. Human peri-implant fluid data provide emerging but non-diagnostic evidence, including altered GPX4 and malondialdehyde levels. Specialized pro-resolving mediators may counterbalance the destructive lipid-peroxidation branch. Current evidence supports a biologically plausible and experimentally testable pathway rather than established causation in human dental peri-implant tissues. Direct tissue-level confirmation using redox lipidomics, iron mapping, pathway-specific rescue experiments, and spatial osteoimmune profiling is required. Full article

Indoor biophilic design may support student well-being and learning, yet evidence relevant to higher education interior environments has not undergone systematic synthesis with formal quality appraisal. This systematic mixed-methods review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 and searched Scopus and the Web of Science Core Collection. We screened 1601 unique database records and 59 supplementary records and included 63 empirical studies. We appraised study quality using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) 2018 and integrated findings through a convergent integrated approach. The evidence base was recent but uneven, with interior design elements forming the largest category; ambient conditions were largely decontextualized, and spatial attributes were dominated by window views. Perceptual outcomes were assessed most often and had the highest positive rate. Physiological and cognitive findings were less consistently positive, while cognition contained the most negative findings. Most studies adopted a restorative paradigm, whereas a protective paradigm appeared in 25% of studies but in two-thirds of those assessing cognition. Current evidence supports cautious use of indoor plants, green walls, and window views of nature in classrooms for perceptual and short-term affective benefits. It does not yet support transferable claims about sustained cognition, non-classroom settings, ambient conditions, or spatial attributes beyond window views. Full article

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic T cell-mediated inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent epithelial injury and incomplete inflammatory resolution. Cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype may help explain how stromal cells sustain this inflammatory circuit. This narrative review critically evaluates direct and indirect evidence linking senescence to OLP. A focused search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science through 31 July 2026 identified evidence localizing senescence-associated signatures predominantly to PDGFRα-positive mesenchymal cells. The available multimodal study also reported enhanced CXCL12–CXCR4 and extracellular matrix–CD44 communication toward CD8-positive T cells and showed that conditioned medium from experimentally induced senescent fibroblasts increased lymphoid-cell activation and keratinocyte injury in non-oral and immortalized cell models. Earlier studies of p16, p21, p53, altered cyclin-dependent kinases, oxidative/nitrative DNA damage, and SASP-compatible cytokines provide supportive evidence but are insufficient to establish cellular senescence. We hypothesize a feed-forward model in which persistent oxidative and cytokine stress induces senescence in mesenchymal and possibly epithelial cells. A context-dependent SASP may recruit and activate cytotoxic lymphocytes, promote basal keratinocyte damage, and propagate further cellular stress. Further progress will require spatially resolved multi-marker validation and functional testing in primary oral-cell models before biomarker-guided clinical trials can be considered. These advances may ultimately support the development of novel targeted therapies for OLP. Full article

This narrative review synthesizes a comprehensive multimodal characterization framework for atrial fibrillation (AF), tracing its progression from patient-specific anatomical reconstruction to electrophysiological phenotyping and standardized spatial mapping. The literature was identified through searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, covering publications from January 2010 to June 2026, with additional studies identified from relevant references. Anatomical characterization leverages clinical imaging modalities alongside advanced deep learning models to execute precise whole-chamber, subregional, and tissue-level modeling. Electrophysiological profiling spans multi-scale modalities, including 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG), body surface potential mapping (BSPM), electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI), and electroanatomical mapping (EAM), complemented by wearable sensors for longitudinal rhythm surveillance. To bridge heterogeneous datasets across subjects and modalities, standardized coordinate systems and multimodal registration enable reproducible data integration. These integrated data parameterize patient-specific computational models to advance mechanistic insight, risk stratification, and personalized AF management. However, broad clinical translation remains constrained by imaging variability, reconstruction noise, registration uncertainty, and limited prospective multicenter validation. Future progress hinges on moving beyond technical accuracy toward prospective trials evaluating algorithm-guided clinical utility. Full article

Background: Physical exercise improves working memory (WM) across the lifespan, yet the neural mechanisms underlying this benefit remain incompletely understood, and it is unclear whether intervention-induced neuroplastic changes and long-term exercise-related differences converge on common neural circuits. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and CNKI through June 2026 and included 11 task-based fMRI studies (6 longitudinal interventions and 5 cross-sectional comparisons; 403 participants) reporting whole-brain activation coordinates. Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses were performed separately for activation increases and decreases within each design. Results: Longitudinal studies revealed exercise-induced activation increases in the bilateral cerebellum (posterior lobe, cerebellar tonsil) and decreases in the right thalamus. Cross-sectional studies revealed greater activation in the left middle temporal gyrus (BA 21) and reduced activation in the right cingulate gyrus (BA 24) and left caudate body among long-term exercisers relative to controls. Critically, the two designs yielded spatially non-overlapping patterns. Conclusions: These findings support a dual-mechanism model in which exercise strengthens task-positive network engagement while optimizing the suppression of task-irrelevant processing. They further suggest that exercise shapes working memory circuitry across distinct, timescale-dependent neural circuits. Full article

Medicinal plants are major sources of therapeutic natural products, yet the cell-type-specific organization that governs metabolite biosynthesis, transport, and storage remains imperfectly resolved by organ-level omics. This review synthesizes studies published up to June 2026 that used single-cell, single-nucleus, spatial, metabolomic, and epigenomic approaches to medicinal plant systems, following a PRISMA-guided literature search across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CNKI. Emerging evidence shows that specialized metabolism is organized through discrete and often rare cell populations, including idioblasts, laticifers, glandular trichomes, secretory epidermal cells, internal phloem-associated parenchyma, cork and periderm cells, mesophyll cells, and other biosynthetic niches. Single-cell RNA sequencing has defined these populations and reconstructed developmental trajectories, whereas single-cell metabolomics and mass spectrometry imaging reveal that metabolite accumulation frequently diverges from biosynthetic gene expression because of intercellular transport, storage capacity, and subcellular compartmentation. Single-cell ATAC-seq and multiome profiling further identify cell-type-specific regulatory regions, transcription factors, and candidate promoters controlling metabolic competence. Together, these technologies are reshaping medicinal plant biology from pathway-centric catalogs into spatially and developmentally resolved cellular maps. We highlight how artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted integration can accelerate cell annotation, regulatory network inference, metabolite assignment, and prioritization of biosynthetic genes, transporters, and engineering targets. Future progress will depend on comparative medicinal plant atlases, improved recovery of recalcitrant tissues, matched transcriptomic, metabolomic, and spatial designs, and functional validation of cell-type-specific mechanisms. Full article

The automotive and logistics industries rely on automation to ensure operational efficiency and maintain high throughput. However, a critical limitation remains in achieving real-time spatial monitoring of dynamic assets and complex workflows. This paper proposes a scalable, cloud-hosted Digital Twin architecture to bridge the gap between physical operations and digital oversight. By simulating high-frequency Internet of Things (IoT) telemetry data, the system replicates the exact states and behaviors of real-world physical assets. This continuous data stream is processed in the cloud and mapped onto an interactive, 3D web-based dashboard. The solution provides stakeholders with comprehensive situational awareness, offering a robust framework for improving spatial tracking, proactive decision-making, and continuous optimization in logistical environments. Full article

Remote sensing research increasingly relies on heterogeneous satellite, UAV, hyperspectral, multispectral, SAR, and environmental monitoring data to support land, urban, hydrological, and environmental applications. However, these data are often affected by sensor differences, spatial and temporal heterogeneity, missing observations, irregular sampling, noise, and non-stationary environmental processes. This systematic review was conducted within the context of the Romanian Hub for Artificial Intelligence (HRIA) project, which supports the development of strategic artificial intelligence technologies. The review synthesizes current research on adaptive neural networks for remote sensing and Earth observation, with particular attention to Liquid Neural Networks and related continuous-time neural models. A systematic search was conducted across IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar, and reference lists. After duplicate removal, screening, and full-text assessment, 61 studies published between 2018 and 2026 were included in the qualitative synthesis. The findings show that adaptive neural networks have gained increasing attention after 2022 and are mainly applied to image-centered remote sensing tasks, including classification, mapping, object detection, segmentation, enhancement, and change detection. Most studies adapt established deep learning architectures through multi-scale processing, adaptive feature fusion, attention mechanisms, graph relationships, or task-specific refinement. Continuous-time models are used less frequently but are relevant for irregular observations and dynamic environmental processes. Liquid Neural Networks remain emerging, and current evidence suggests only preliminary, task-specific relevance for irregular, noisy, multimodal, and dynamic remote sensing applications. Full article

Free-surface sloshing in partially filled tanks and open reservoirs can produce spatially complex surface deformation under horizontal excitation. This study presents an image-based experimental and computational workflow for reconstructing measured free-surface profiles in a laboratory-scale rectangular reservoir mounted on a Haas VF-3/VF-3SS-family CNC machining center. The tank underwent a programmed horizontal back-and-forth motion. The retained CNC controller record shows commanded x positions spanning approximately $-19.976$ mm to $+19.851$ mm, corresponding to a programmed peak-to-peak stroke of approximately 39.8 mm. The realized forcing frequency was not independently measured; therefore, no experimental near-resonance condition is claimed. Videos were recorded approximately normal to the transparent tank wall, converted to still frames, calibrated directly in physical length units, and manually digitized with WebPlotDigitizer. A truncated spatial Fourier series was fitted independently to each measured time slice. The accompanying Python applications dynamically evaluate the experimentally fitted representation: the GUI tools animate reconstructed profiles over the recorded time sequence, while the final FourierN3 implementation builds time-dependent coefficient models, linearly interpolates coefficient histories, evaluates $y(x,t)$, and generates a three-dimensional space–time reconstructed surface. These outputs are described as dynamic Fourier reconstructions because they remain conditioned on measured coefficient histories and do not constitute independent CFD or potential-flow predictions. The Fourier harmonics are mathematical reconstruction functions and are not identified one-to-one with physical sloshing eigenmodes. For a 0.45 m tank length, linear theory gives first-mode reference frequencies of 0.687 Hz at a 4 cm water depth and 0.763 Hz at a 5 cm water depth. The workflow is demonstrated on three selected datasets that provided sufficiently clear free-surface records for consistent frame-by-frame digitization. Using a common three-harmonic benchmark, mean RMSE values were 0.8815 cm for Case A (4 cm), 1.419 cm for Case B (5 cm), and 0.5022 cm for Case C (4 cm), corresponding to mean NRMSE values of 22.0%, 28.4%, and 12.6%, respectively. For Case C, adding a fourth harmonic reduced the mean RMSE to 0.4427 cm (11.1% of water depth), an 11.8% reduction relative to the three-harmonic fit. All RMSE and NRMSE values are reconstruction errors relative to the manually digitized coordinates, not estimates of absolute experimental measurement accuracy. The results therefore demonstrate the reconstruction workflow for the three selected records rather than establish a general water-depth effect. Full article

Background: Parapharyngealspace schwannomas are rare benign tumors that may become significantly enlarged prior to producing symptoms. Their deep anatomical location and proximity to major neurovascular structures may pose significant challenges for diagnosis and surgical management. Case Presentation: A 51-year-old woman presented with a slowly enlarging, painless right-side neck mass. Contrast-enhanced CT-scan demonstrated a large, well-circumscribed post-styloid parapharyngeal mass measuring approximately 44 × 53 × 73 mm, displacing rather than invading the adjacent carotid vessels. Paraganglioma was included in the differential diagnosis. MRI-scan was not performed because the CT-scan provided sufficient anatomical information for surgical planning in our clinical setting. The tumor was completely removed through an extended transcervical–cervico-parotidial approach without capsular lesions. The origin nerve was not identified intraoperatively. The histopathological exam confirmed a benign schwannoma. No clinically apparent neurological deficit was observed at the 6- and 12-months follow-ups. Literature Review: A focused literature review of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed to contextualize the clinical findings and surgical management. The literature highlights the difficulty of determining the nerve of origin preoperatively and the overlap between post-styloid schwannomas and paragangliomas on imaging studies. Surgical excision remains the main treatment, although evidence regarding optimal surgical technique, long-term functionality and disease-control outcomes remain controversial. Conclusions: This case-study highlights the diagnostic challenges of large post-styloid parapharyngeal schwannomas and the limitations of imaging studies in establishing the nerve of origin. Surgical management should be individualized according to tumor anatomy, spatial neurovascular relationships, and anticipated functional risks. Full article

In the field of architectural heritage, industrial built heritage plays an important role. Traditional research methods such as literature studies and field surveys have gradually evolved into digital-twin and machine-learning-based approaches. However, the study of industrial heritage remains a challenge. This study employs the PRISMA framework to conduct a systematic review of the existing literature, aiming to elucidate the impact of GIS on industrial heritage sites and its potential limitations. This study conducts a systematic review of GIS-based research on industrial heritage, focusing on studies published between 2000 and 2025. Among the 2166 records initially retrieved from Scopus and the 1771 records initially retrieved from Web of Science, 77 papers were ultimately retained after screening and deduplication. A total of 32 studies were selected based on thematic screening criteria, all of which focused on analysing the spatial characteristics of industrial heritage sites using GIS technology. Among these, 12 core studies were further selected for in-depth qualitative and methodological analysis. These documents form the foundation for exploring research hotspots, methodological approaches, and technological evolution. This review contributes a five-dimensional analytical framework that systematically classifies GIS-based industrial heritage research and identifies eight structural research gaps. The findings indicate that GIS applications remain predominantly focused on spatial mapping and distribution analysis, while their integration with ecological assessment, social and participatory approaches, archaeology, and multi-source technologies remains limited. This review provides a roadmap for integrating advanced spatial analysis tools into future industrial heritage research and planning. Full article