Search Results (373)

Water contamination with surface-active agents, such as sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), represents a serious environmental concern, driving the need for efficient and low-cost alternative adsorbents as a step toward sustainable waste valorization. In this study, waste biomass derived from plum stones, date stones, and walnut shells was successfully transformed into activated carbons via chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH) at 850 °C with a 1:1 impregnation ratio. The synthesized materials underwent comprehensive physicochemical characterization utilizing TG-DSC, elemental analysis, Boehm titration, SEM, TEM, and nitrogen physisorption (BET), whereas their adsorption performance was evaluated against aqueous SLS solutions across various concentrations. The obtained results reveal a predominantly microporous structure with a high specific surface area, reaching up to 1059.01 m²/g for ACdate. The equilibrium adsorption data were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model, which yielded model-estimated asymptotic adsorption capacities (q_m) of 219.70 mg/g for ACwalnut, 178.25 mg/g for ACdate, and 57.80 mg/g for ACplum. These values represent Langmuir-derived model parameters rather than experimentally attained adsorption capacities within the investigated concentration range. Notably, despite having a lower specific surface area than ACdate, ACwalnut exhibited the highest Langmuir-estimated q_m, which may be associated with its structural balance and well-developed mesoporous network (0.210 cm³/g), facilitating the intraparticle transport of SLS molecules. These findings highlight that high efficiency originates from a synergistic combination of accessible porosity, a mesoporous transport network, hydrophobic character, and specific surface functional groups, demonstrating the exceptional potential of these activated carbons for anionic surfactant wastewater remediation. Full article

With the rapid expansion of the global lithium-battery industry, efficient and sustainable lithium recovery from low-grade lithium resources, such as lithium precipitation mother liquor characterized by a high sodium-to-lithium ratio, has become a critical research challenge. Among the emerging technologies, the adsorption method, recognized for its operational simplicity, high selectivity, and process flexibility, has garnered significant attention. This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in two primary categories of adsorbents for selective lithium recovery: organic adsorbents (crown ether-based materials) and inorganic adsorbents (aluminum-based layered double hydroxides (LiAl-LDHs), titanium-based ion sieves (H₂TiO₃, H₄Ti₅O₁₂), and manganese-based ion sieves (HMn₂O₄, H₁.₆Mn₁.₆O₄, H₄Mn₅O₁₂). For each class, the synthesis methods, adsorption mechanisms, performance (capacity, selectivity, kinetics, and cycling stability), and key influencing factors are thoroughly discussed and compared. Titanium-based sieves demonstrate high capacity and stability, manganese-based materials show excellent kinetics, aluminum-based adsorbents offer industrial scalability, and crown ether-based materials exhibit superior ion size selectivity. The review also identifies limitations, such as the slow kinetics of H₂TiO₃, manganese dissolution in manganese-based ion sieves, and the cost of functionalized organics. Finally, future research directions are proposed, focusing on enhancing adsorption kinetics and stability via material design (e.g., morphology control, doping, hybridization), developing scalable and cost-effective synthesis routes, and exploring the integration of adsorption with other separation technologies to create efficient hybrid processes for the sustainable exploitation of low-grade lithium. Full article

Alternating brackish–freshwater irrigation is a promising strategy for improving the utilization of marginal water resources in arid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production; however, its effectiveness is often limited by salt-induced physicochemical stresses, including sodium-induced soil structural degradation, osmotic stress, and reduced rhizosphere biological activity. This study investigated whether the combined application of microbial inoculant and polyacrylamide (PAM) could enhance root-zone functioning and plant performance under alternating brackish–freshwater irrigation. A controlled greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with five treatments, including conventional irrigation (CI), alternating irrigation (AI), AI combined with microbial inoculant (AI + B), AI combined with PAM (AI + PAM), and AI combined with microbial inoculant and PAM (AI + B + PAM). Soil water–salt conditions, physical properties, nutrient availability, microbial activity, root growth, and plant nutrient uptake were determined, and partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) was used to evaluate soil–root–plant interactions. Alternating irrigation reduced soil salinity and sodium accumulation compared with conventional irrigation, with electrical conductivity of the 1:5 soil–water extract (EC_1:5), Na⁺, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) decreasing by 14.68%, 16.21%, and 14.27%, respectively; under AI conditions, PAM increased water-stable aggregates by 22.54%, while microbial inoculant increased microbial biomass carbon by 33.47%. The combined AI + B + PAM treatment produced the greatest improvement in plant performance, increasing biomass, N uptake, P uptake, and K uptake by 28.79%, 47.37%, 48.00%, and 60.80%, respectively, compared with AI alone. PLS-PM supported a hypothesized pathway in which PAM-associated physical conditioning and microbial inoculant-mediated biochemical activation converged on root development, which was positively linked to nutrient acquisition and plant growth. These findings indicate that integrating microbial inoculant with PAM has potential to enhance root-zone resilience and cotton growth under alternating brackish–freshwater irrigation conditions, providing insights for the development of amendment strategies in saline soils. Further field validation is required before broader agricultural application. Full article

Groundwater resources in semi-arid regions are increasingly threatened by agricultural intensification, irrigation expansion, and climate variability. This study investigates the influence of irrigation practices on groundwater recharge and quality degradation in the semi-arid Regueb Basin, Central Tunisia, using an integrated framework combining hydrochemical analysis, irrigation water quality indices, GIS-based spatial modeling, and explainable machine learning (XAI). Thirty groundwater samples were analyzed for major physicochemical parameters and irrigation suitability indicators, including Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (%Na), and Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI). Hydrochemical facies are dominated by Ca–Mg–Cl, Na–Cl, and Ca–Mg–SO₄ water types, reflecting the combined effects of evaporite dissolution, water–rock interaction, evaporation, and irrigation return flow. Groundwater salinity is generally high, with EC values ranging from 1490 to 8710 µS/cm, while nitrate concentrations frequently exceed the World Health Organization guideline value of 50 mg/L in intensively cultivated zones, indicating significant anthropogenic contamination linked to fertilizer leaching and irrigation practices. GIS-based recharge assessment indicates that irrigation return flow may represent an important component of effective recharge in cultivated areas under semi-arid conditions while simultaneously contributing to salinization and nutrient accumulation within the aquifer system. However, quantitative partitioning of recharge sources requires further investigation using tracer-based approaches and numerical modeling. More than 40% of groundwater samples were classified as unsuitable for irrigation because of elevated salinity and sodicity hazards. To explore the relationships among irrigation water quality indicators, several machine-learning algorithms were evaluated for IWQI estimation and interpretation. Linear Regression achieved the highest performance for IWQI estimation (R² = 0.9839), reflecting the strong internal relationships among irrigation water quality indicators. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis identified Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) as the most influential parameter controlling irrigation water quality. The results highlight the dual role of irrigation as both a recharge-enhancing mechanism and a driver of groundwater degradation. This study provides an integrated hydrochemical–GIS–XAI framework for identifying vulnerable zones and supporting sustainable groundwater management strategies in semi-arid agricultural regions. Full article

Coal gasification slag (CGS), a massive industrial solid waste, possesses inherent adsorptive potential that remains underutilized due to pore blockage by amorphous siliceous phases. Conventional modification strategies typically rely on energy-intensive high-temperature processes. Herein, we report a facile, low-temperature alkaline activation approach to transform CGS into a high-efficiency adsorbent (denoted NCGS) for Cd²⁺ removal. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution was employed under mild conditions (90 °C) to selectively etch siliceous species, thereby generating a porous architecture and enriching surface oxygen-containing functionalities. Orthogonal experimental design identified optimal synthesis parameters (1 mol/L NaOH, solid–liquid ratio of 1:30 g/mL, 12 h), yielding NCGS with significantly enhanced textural properties. The adsorption isotherm was well described by the Langmuir model, with a maximum capacity of 87.06 mg/g at pH 6.0, while kinetic studies indicated the adsorption process could be described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Comprehensive characterization via SEM-EDS, FTIR, and XPS elucidated a multi-mechanistic adsorption pathway mainly involving ion exchange (Na⁺/Cd²⁺) and coordination complexation. Life cycle assessment analysis revealed that NCGS production generates 11.23 kg CO₂ eq emissions, with transportation accounting for 88%. This study presents an energy-saving and environmentally friendly strategy to unlock the adsorptive potential of CGS, providing a highly promising waste-based adsorption material for the remediation of Cd²⁺-contaminated water. Full article

Over the past few decades, the oil sands mining industry has taken steps to find ways to speed up the filterability and consolidation of their tailings deposits, which would otherwise take decades to settle and reach the required strength. The initiative has led to deposits that are combinations of sands and fines (<44 µm) in proportions whose geotechnical behaviors have not yet been determined by the existing body of knowledge. The purpose of this study is to examine how the quantity of fines and their index characteristics affect the filterability and consolidation of particular deposits. Findings from this research show that these deposits exhibit characteristics of low-plasticity soils. The hydraulic conductivity of these materials is strongly influenced by the fines content. The deposits behave more like sand below a threshold point of about 35 percent fines content, and they exhibit low hydraulic conductivity above this point. Furthermore, the hydraulic conductivity of these deposits is influenced by other factors, including clay properties, sodium adsorption ratio, and effective stress. The results of finite-strain consolidation modeling show that mixtures of sand and fluid tailings with fines within the threshold range exhibit significantly improved consolidation performance. In particular, compared to the performance of traditional fluid tailings deposits, settlement time and depth are reduced by more than 50%, and the time needed for complete pore pressure dissipation is reduced by more than 80%. Findings from this study provide an insight to the industry on the optimal fines–sand blending proportions for best performing deposits. Since these findings are solely laboratory-based, it should be noted that the determined threshold fines content and consolidation behavior may alter in field-scale deposition. Full article

The increasing accumulation of mine waste and the associated release of toxic elements represent a major environmental challenge, particularly in regions impacted by Pb–Zn mining activities. In this context, this study aims to investigate the valorization of mine waste from Lakhouat, an abandoned Pb–Zn site in Northern Tunisia, as a sustainable additive in metakaolin-based geopolymers. This approach contributes to circular economy strategies by transforming hazardous waste into value-added materials for environmental and construction applications. Geopolymer formulations were synthesized by incorporating mine waste at different proportions (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt.%) with metakaolin, while maintaining constant SiO₂/Al₂O₃ and Na₂O/Al₂O₃ molar ratios. The materials were prepared through alkali activation using sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide, followed by curing. Comprehensive characterization was carried out using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, adsorption experiments using methylene blue (MB) were conducted to evaluate the environmental performance of the synthesized geopolymers. The results revealed that the mine waste contains high concentrations of potentially toxic elements (up to 2.23 wt.% Pb and 8.2 wt.% Zn), highlighting the need for effective stabilization. Microstructural analysis confirmed the formation of predominantly amorphous geopolymer matrices with varying degrees of reaction depending on MW content. The highest compressive strengths (25–30 MPa) were achieved for formulations containing 5–10 wt.% MW after 28 days of curing. Furthermore, the geopolymers demonstrated efficient methylene blue removal, following pseudo-second-order kinetics and fitting the Langmuir isotherm model, with enhanced adsorption performance observed at higher MW contents. These findings indicate that MW-based geopolymers are promising materials for mine waste valorization and methylene blue removal. However, standardized leaching tests are required to confirm the long-term immobilization of Pb, Zn, Cd, As, and other potentially toxic elements within the geopolymer matrix. The study highlights their potential as sustainable, low-impact materials, supporting waste valorization and contributing to the development of environmentally resilient systems within a circular economy framework. Full article

The utilization of saline–alkali lands and the competition between medicinal plants and grain crops are urgent issues. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of combined biochar and phosphogypsum application on soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities, and safflower growth, yield, and bioactive component accumulation in moderately saline–alkali soil of western Jilin, and to identify key soil factors driving these responses. To achieve this, outdoor pot experiments were conducted using safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), with the application of 1% biochar + 1% phosphogypsum to moderately saline–alkali soil. The results showed that the amendment significantly reduced bulk density (BD), pH, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), total alkalinity (TA), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), while increasing soil water content (SWC), soil organic matter (SOM), nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and beneficial ions. Soil sucrase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase activities were enhanced. Copiotrophic taxa (Pseudomonadota, Sphingomonas, Vicinamibacter) increased, whereas oligotrophic taxa (Gemmatimonadetes, Longimicrobium, Luteitalea) decreased, with stronger effects on bacteria than fungi. Safflower growth indices improved; leaf Na⁺/K⁺ ratio, superoxide radicals, and malondialdehyde decreased; and soluble protein, proline, and antioxidant enzyme activities increased. Bioactive components (hydroxysafflor yellow A, kaempferol) and yield reached 1.41%, 0.056%, and 343.23 mg/plant, representing 1.74–27.68-fold increases over moderate and mild saline–alkali soils. Correlation analysis identified SOM, total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), BD, SWC, pH, SAR, TA, and ESP as key factors. In conclusion, co-application of 1% biochar and 1% phosphogypsum improves soil physicochemical and microbial properties, alleviates saline–alkali stress, and enhances safflower quality and yield. Full article

Groundwater resources in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are important for meeting the needs of human communities, agriculture, and industry. In Western KSA, groundwater from coastal aquifers is an essential resource that complements desalinated seawater. Therefore, ensuring the quality and contamination of groundwater has emerged as a critical priority for preserving water security. The aim of this research is to evaluate the groundwater quality and its vulnerability to contamination within the Wadi Marawani Basin. To achieve this aim, water quality indices (WQIs), the DRASTIC model, and machine learning (ML) algorithms were employed alongside a Geographic Information System (GIS). The results of the chemical analysis of 64 water samples were used in these assessments. Furthermore, several input parameters were evaluated using the DRASTIC model to estimate the DRASTIC index (DI) and generate a groundwater vulnerability map. Three ML algorithms—specifically, a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), a Random Forest (RF), and a Decision Tree (DT)—were utilized to forecast WQIs such as the total dissolved solids (TDS) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), in addition to the DRASTIC index (DI). The results revealed that around 36% of the samples were classified as fresh water (<1000 mg/L). The SAR ranged from 1.10 to 32.50, indicating that most samples were suitable for irrigation. Approximately 22% of the basin was classified as demonstrating high vulnerability, whereas about 78% demonstrated low-to-moderate vulnerability. Assessment of the ML models showed high predictive accuracy for the TDS, SAR, and DI. The MLP-Vul. model attained an R² value of 1.00 and RMSE value of 0.01, the RF-Vul. model achieved an R² of 0.94 and RMSE of 3.17, and the DT-Vul. model attained an R² of 0.92 and RMSE of 3.57. Although there was a minor increase in RMSE across all models during the testing phase, their predictive performance remained clear. Full article

Carrot pomace (CP) represents a promising source of dietary fiber with potential applications in functional food systems. This study investigated the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis (Pectinex^® Ultra Tropical, Celluclast^® 1.5 L, and Viscozyme^® L) on the chemical composition, technological, and functional properties of CP. The untreated CP was characterized by a high total dietary fiber (TDF) content, predominated by insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), with a soluble dietary fiber (SDF)/IDF ratio of 1:1.6. Enzymatic treatment significantly reduced TDF and IDF (up to 54.1% and 58.5%, respectively) while increasing reducing sugars by 2.3–3.4-fold and changing the SDF/IDF ratio to 1:1.2–1.5. Technological properties were altered, with decreased oil-retention capacity and color intensity, whereas water-solubility index increased, and water-swelling capacity was enzyme-dependent. Emulsion stability was enhanced in enzymatically treated samples. Total phenolic content increased in the soluble fraction (up to 21.8%). Functional properties, including cholesterol-binding, sodium cholate-binding, and glucose-adsorption capacities, were significantly influenced by enzymatic modification and pH conditions (for cholesterol-binding capacity). Prebiotic activity varied depending on enzyme treatment, and Celluclast^®-modified CP demonstrated the highest prebiotic index, exceeding that of inulin for selected strains. Overall, enzymatic hydrolysis effectively modulated the structural and functional properties of CP, highlighting its potential as a value-added ingredient for the formulation of functional and prebiotic food products. Full article

Water scarcity has become a major challenge for agriculture, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where irrigation is essential for sustaining crop and forage production. As freshwater supplies face growing pressure from climate change, urban growth, and industrial use, there is increasing interest in exploring alternative water sources to support sustainable agriculture. Produced water, a byproduct of oil and gas extraction, may represent an alternative water source in water-limited regions like the southwestern United States and the Middle East. However, raw produced water often contains high levels of salinity, trace metals, hydrocarbons, and naturally occurring radioactive materials, which cause risks to soils, crops, livestock, and food systems. This review synthesizes peer-reviewed studies up to January 2026 and reports on the agricultural application of treated produced water, focusing on its effects on soil properties, crop growth, yield, and forage nutritive quality. Existing research shows that treated produced water could be used for grain as well as forage crops under controlled conditions, but poorly treated and managed applications can lead to increases in soil salinity, structural degradation, reduced nutrient uptake, and hindered crop performance. In forage systems, irrigation with treated produced water has also been associated with changes in nutritive value, increasing concerns for livestock health. Several knowledge gaps remain, including limited long-term field studies, insufficient information on crop-specific contaminant thresholds, incomplete assessment of treatment and remediation strategies under different environmental conditions, and the absence of a consistent framework for classifying the chemistry of treated produced water for agricultural applications. Addressing these gaps through integrated soil, crop, and water research and the development of clear policies and guidelines is essential for determining whether treated produced water can be safely and sustainably used in agriculture under growing water scarcity. Full article

This study investigated the efficiency of macrophyte-based phytoremediation systems using Phragmites karka and Typha latifolia for the treatment of poultry–aquaculture wastewater and its suitability for irrigation reuse. Physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, and water quality indices were analysed using correlation analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Strong positive correlations were observed among turbidity, nutrients, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), while dissolved oxygen (DO) showed significant negative relationships, indicating organic pollution-driven oxygen depletion. Heavy metals exhibited strong intercorrelations, suggesting common anthropogenic sources and similar removal pathways. PCA results revealed that the first three principal components (PCs) explained over 95% of the total variance, with positive values recorded from the first PC highlighting organic load, nutrient enrichment, and metal interactions as dominant factors controlling wastewater quality. The negative values of factor loadings obtained in the second and third PCs confirmed the roles of sedimentation, adsorption, microbial activity, and plant uptake in pollutant removal. Water Quality Index (WQI) values decreased drastically from highly polluted levels (>3000) in raw wastewater to <1.0 after 21 days of treatment, indicating excellent water quality. Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) also declined significantly, confirming a low sodicity risk. Both macrophytes demonstrated high treatment efficiency, with Typha latifolia showing slightly improved sodium reduction. Overall, the study highlights macrophyte-based systems as sustainable, cost-effective solutions for wastewater treatment and safe agricultural reuse. Full article

Saline water irrigation has emerged as a promising approach to mitigate agricultural water shortages; however, its improper use may induce secondary soil salinization. In this study, saline-alkali soil collected from Hami, Xinjiang, was used to conduct a series of indoor one-dimensional vertical soil column experiments. The aim was to systematically investigate the effects of sodium humate and desulfurization gypsum on soil infiltration behavior and the distribution patterns of key cations and anions under different levels of irrigation water salinity. The results showed that sodium humate application markedly improved soil infiltration capacity, while the duration of infiltration decreased with increasing salinity. Under salinity levels of 12 and 16 g/L, the 4 g/kg sodium humate treatment exhibited the most rapid advancement of the wetting front. In contrast, desulfurization gypsum reduced infiltration rates, with the lowest infiltration observed under the 12.5 g/kg treatment at 16 g/L salinity. Under different treatments, the adjusted coefficients of determination (adjusted R²) for the Philip, Kostiakov, and Horton models ranged from 0.8450 to 0.9841, 0.9901 to 0.9989, and 0.9748 to 0.9942, respectively, while the global performance indicator (GPI) ranged from 1.619 × 10⁻³ to 5.103 × 10⁻¹, 4.998 × 10⁻⁹ to 2.166 × 10⁻⁵, and 1.505 × 10⁻⁶ to 2.438 × 10⁻⁴, respectively. These results indicate that the Kostiakov model outperformed the other models in terms of fitting accuracy and overall performance for describing the soil infiltration process. In addition, sodium humate generally increased the sorptivity parameter S in the Philip model and the empirical coefficient K in the Kostiakov model, whereas desulfurization gypsum showed the opposite trend. In terms of salt regulation, sodium humate demonstrated optimal desalination performance at application rates of 6–8 g/kg under low salinity and 4–6 g/kg under high salinity conditions. Conversely, excessive gypsum application tended to exacerbate salt accumulation, although a moderate dosage (5 g/kg) effectively limited the downward migration and accumulation of Na⁺ and Cl⁻. These two ions were identified as the dominant contributors to soil salinization, showing strong positive correlations with soil salt content (SSC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). In contrast, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and HCO₃⁻ played beneficial roles in alleviating sodicity through ion exchange and buffering mechanisms. Overall, sodium humate enhanced infiltration and facilitated salt leaching in the upper soil layers under saline irrigation conditions. Although desulfurization gypsum reduced infiltration and increased overall salt content, it contributed to mitigating Na⁺ accumulation in deeper soil profiles. These findings highlight the critical importance of selecting appropriate soil amendments and optimizing their application rates to improve saline water use efficiency and promote sustainable management of saline-alkali soils. Full article

p-nitrophenol (p-NP) is a pollutant with environmental persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and significant health risks, and is widely dispersed in wastewater, so efficient removal of p-NP is imperative. Among the various methods, the catalytic reduction of p-NP to p-aminophenol (p-AP) using sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) is a particularly promising one and, herein, catalysts play a crucial role. Among the various metals, Au shows unique catalytic activity for p-NP reduction. However, nanosized Au often exhibit limited activity and stability due to their high surface free energy. To address this challenge, we designed and synthesized Au-SnO_x hybrid nanoparticles confined within hollow mesoporous silica nanoreactors (Au-SnO_x@hm-SiO₂) via a soft-template-assisted co-adsorption strategy. The resulting bimetallic Au-SnO_x@hm-SiO₂ nanoreactor showed significantly enhanced catalytic activity toward the NaBH₄-mediated reduction of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) compared with its monometallic Au@hm-SiO₂ counterpart, owing to the synergistic effect between Au and SnO_x. Among various Au/Sn ratios, the catalyst with an Au/Sn molar ratio of 1:0.1 demonstrated the highest activity, achieving complete conversion of p-NP within 5 min at a p-NP/Au molar ratio of 529:1—a tenfold improvement over Au@hm-SiO₂. Moreover, the catalyst maintained high efficiency over six consecutive cycles, with only slight deactivation, benefiting from the protective silica shell. Full article

Small hill reservoirs in arid North Africa face accelerating threats from soil erosion and siltation, yet integrated assessments linking erosion dynamics, water quality, and soil fertility remain scarce. This study presents a multi-component geospatial assessment of the 345 km² Es-Sabba watershed in the Saharan Atlas of southwestern Algeria. Soil loss was quantified using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) integrated with Sentinel-2 imagery, a 30 m digital elevation model (DEM), and GIS analysis for 2016–2025. The mean annual soil loss reached 26.3 t/ha/yr, with 68.4% of the watershed under high-to-severe erosion; topography and vegetation cover were the dominant controls. Estimated sediment delivery to the reservoir is 135,300 t/yr, projecting a functional lifespan of 11–15 years without intervention. Hydrochemical analysis classified reservoir water as alkaline- and sulfate-rich, yet suitable for irrigation with very low sodicity risk (sodium adsorption ratio, SAR = 0.08) and an excellent Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI = 91.75). Soils exhibited low-to-moderate fertility (mean soil fertility index, SFI = 0.416), with widespread nitrogen deficiency constraining vegetation-based erosion control. The integrated framework identifies circular-economy opportunities through nutrient-rich sediment reuse and provides actionable guidance for climate-resilient reservoir management in arid catchments. Full article