Search Results (10,179)

Background/Objectives: To evaluate the association between the newly defined cerebroplacental–renal ratio (CPRR) and adverse perinatal outcome (APO) in pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), and to compare its discriminative performance with the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and cerebroplacental–uterine ratio (CPUR). Methods: This prospective, single-center cohort study included 105 women with PIH (preeclampsia, n = 63; gestational hypertension, n = 42). Doppler assessment was performed at ≥34 + 0 weeks and within 7 days before delivery. CPR was calculated as middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (PI)/umbilical artery PI, CPUR as CPR/mean uterine artery PI, and CPRR as CPR/right renal artery PI. APO was defined by the presence of any of the following: non-reassuring fetal status, a 5 min Apgar score <7, neonatal intensive care unit admission, or neonatal death. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and multivariable logistic regression adjusted for gestational age at ultrasound assessment and diagnosis group were performed. Results: APO occurred in 37 pregnancies (35.2%). CPUR and CPRR were significantly lower in the APO group, whereas CPR did not differ significantly. CPRR showed a higher apparent AUC for APO than CPR and CPUR (AUC 0.786, 95% CI 0.698–0.875), with significantly higher AUCs on pairwise DeLong comparisons. After adjustment, CPRR was the only Doppler index independently associated with APO (adjusted OR 1.423 per 0.1-unit decrease; 95% CI 1.162–1.743; p = 0.001). Conclusions: CPRR was independently associated with APO in PIH and showed higher discriminative performance than CPR and CPUR; however, these findings require validation in independent, multicenter studies before clinical application. Full article

Background: Effective hypertension management depends partly on medication adherence. Mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression, may influence adherence, but evidence in older populations is limited. This secondary analysis of a cohort study identifies adherence trajectories to antihypertensive medications among older adults and assesses whether anxiety and depression are associated with trajectory membership. Patients and Methods: A cohort of 986 older adults (aged 65 and above) using antihypertensive treatments was analyzed. Adherence was measured using prescription claims over a 12-month period. Adherence patterns over time were characterized using Group-Based Trajectory Modeling (GBTM). Self-reported symptoms and diagnostic codes for anxiety and depression were used to assess for mental health disorders. Associations between depression or anxiety and adherence trajectories were investigated using logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounders. Results: We identified two stable adherence trajectories: a high-adherence group (83.6%) and a low-adherence group (16.4%). No evidence of an association was observed between the presence of anxiety (adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8–1.9) or depression (adjusted OR of 1.0, 95% CI: 0.6–1.6) and adherence trajectories. Conclusions: While most older adults in the study maintained high adherence to antihypertensive medications, a notable minority consistently demonstrated low adherence. These findings suggest that additional determinants of adherence trajectory, beyond mental health, should be investigated. Full article

Background and Clinical Relevance: The association between acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is rare and likely coincidental, due to the similar epidemiology of these two blood disorders in older AML patients who are not eligible for intensive chemotherapy or aggressive treatment, as they can be excessively myelosuppressive. Such treatments include those containing venetoclax, an easy-to-use all-oral form of decitabine–cedazuridine (DEC-C), which is now available and approved for AML in addition to standard parenteral DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, which have been commonly used in routine clinical practice for about two decades in patients unsuitable for intensive chemotherapy (IC). Case Presentation: A 71-year-old woman developed a therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) seven years after the discovery of the plasma cell dyscrasia. She had carried an asymptomatic and non-progressing IgG-λ MGUS since 2019 while affected by breast cancer, which was cured with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. BM smear and trephine biopsy at the time of t-AML diagnosis showed 30% myelomonoblasts and 8% plasma cells, while SPEP showed the presence of 15 g/L of monoclonal protein. However, considering her age and other medical and personal history, the patient was found unsuitable for IC as well as venetoclax treatment because of the myelosuppressive effect of the therapy. Therefore, she received DEC-C oral monotherapy. After four DEC-C cycles, she achieved CR with hematological incomplete recovery (CRi). During DEC-C monotherapy, serum immunofixation (IF) and BM evaluations after 12 months of treatment showed gradual clearance of the IgG-λ paraprotein and BM plasma cells. Maintenance therapy with oral DEC-C is ongoing for 18 months after achieving CRi, without any signs of toxicity or infection. Conclusions: This report describes the first anecdotal case of t-AML responding to DEC-C with concomitant clearance of the paraprotein associated with MGUS. Full article

Early-warning research for approaching small unmanned aerial vehicles (sUAVs) requires more than isolated images, sounds, or radio-frequency traces. A reusable resource must connect event context, synchronized observations, evidence strength, media quality, provenance, privacy treatment, and leakage-resistant evaluation units. This Data Descriptor presents uavews 0.1.0-rehearsal, an openly deposited software-and-data record that implements such a model and exercises it end-to-end on a fixed-seed synthetic corpus. The record is a rehearsal of dataset formation and validation, not a measurement campaign. It contains 180 synthetic events—90 controlled-flight simulations, 26 verified observations, 14 weak observations, and 50 hard negatives—together with 4119 analysis windows, 102 source profiles, 971 observations, 391 media objects (214 audio, 121 image, and 56 video objects), and 7242 released labels. The nominal synthetic coverage spans 30 generalized locations in three site groups from 1 April to 15 May 2025. Six canonical Parquet tables, five evaluation manifests, a machine-readable data dictionary, DataCite and PROV-O metadata, an RO-Crate description, validation outputs, source media bytes, and SHA-256 manifests are supplied. The versioned Python pipeline implements ten ordered stages, five reported equations, configurable quality gates, de-identification checks, near-duplicate grouping, and event-, location-, time-, source-, and hard-negative-aware splits. Validation of the rehearsal produced 100% schema and checksum pass rates, median and fifth-percentile completeness of 1.0, synchronization median/p95/max of 3.671/42.184/340.344 ms, exact and near-duplicate rates of 0.512% and 9.463%, cross-modal consistency of 89.88%, and Krippendorff’s alpha of 0.324 for vehicle presence. Seven of eleven release gates passed; the four failures deliberately expose properties that a real release would have to repair or adjudicate. The deposit includes 54 test functions but this article does not claim that the suite was independently executed during manuscript preparation. The accompanying field-trial calculations are planning assumptions, not observations. One of them, the reduced-design sortie count of 7200, omits the configured altitude and background factors and is reported as a known defect of the deposited code rather than as a usable experimental design. The record therefore provides a transparent, executable instrument for designing and auditing a future empirical dataset without representing synthetic values as measured performance. Full article

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) co-occurring with fetal growth restriction (FGR) is clinically important but incompletely characterized. We assessed the proportion and subtype spectrum of CHD in term-born children with FGR, and factors associated with its presence and complexity. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 375 term singleton children with documented FGR at a tertiary pediatric center. CHD required echocardiographic confirmation; isolated patent foramen ovale was excluded. Patients with multiple lesions were hierarchically classified as simple or complex. Multivariable logistic regression was restricted to characteristics available at or before birth. Results: CHD was confirmed in 96/375 children (25.6%): 71 (74.0%) simple, 25 (26.0%) complex. Atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus were most frequent (each 45.8%), followed by patent foramen ovale (44.8%) and ventricular septal defect (32.3%). Severe FGR (aOR 2.012, 95% CI 1.222–3.313; p = 0.006) and genetic syndrome (aOR 5.969, 95% CI 2.565–13.889; p < 0.001) were independently associated with CHD presence. Within the CHD subgroup, genetic syndrome was also associated with complex disease (aOR 5.156, 95% CI 1.651–16.104; p = 0.005). Diagnosis occurred before six months in 95.8%. Hospitalization outcomes and comorbidity burden did not differ by complexity. Conclusions: FGR severity and genetic syndrome were both independently associated with the presence of a cardiac defect, and genetic syndrome was further associated with its complexity. These findings support targeted rather than universal echocardiographic assessment. Directionality cannot be established from postnatal data. Full article

Background/Objectives: Neoplasia currently represents the primary cause of death in companion animals worldwide, with one in four dogs developing a tumor during their lifetime. In this scenario, evaluating the immune status against core vaccine-preventable diseases becomes of primary importance to ensure adequate protection in such clinically fragile patients. This study aimed to assess the presence of protective antibody titers (PATs) against core vaccine antigens—canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), canine distemper virus (CDV), and canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1)—in dogs diagnosed with neoplastic disease prior to receiving any antineoplastic therapy. Methods: A total of 120 client-owned, core-vaccinated dogs with various malignant neoplasms were evaluated using an in-clinic semiquantitative assay (VacciCheck^®). Results: Overall, high rates of seroprotection were maintained across the study population, with PATs detected in 93.3% of dogs for CPV-2, 86.6% for CAdV-1, and 79.2% for CDV. High protection levels were consistently observed across different sex, age, and body size categories. Solid humoral memory was retained across all tumor types, although dogs with hemolymphopoietic malignancies (especially lymphomas) exhibited slightly lower protection rates (91.9% for CPV-2, 83.8% for CAdV-1, and 75.7% for CDV) compared to other histotypes. Time elapsed since last vaccination influenced CDV and CAdV-1 titers, whereas CPV-2 immunity remained remarkably persistent even beyond 3 years post-vaccination. Conclusions: These findings indicate that high seroprotection against core vaccine antigens is maintained in dogs with neoplastic disease prior to antineoplastic therapy, with no clear evidence of major humoral impairment compared to historical healthy reference data, thereby reassuring veterinary clinicians and pet owners that routine core vaccine boosters may not represent an immediate priority in canine cancer patients. Full article

Wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Bgt) and stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Pst) are two foliar diseases that threaten global wheat production. The development of germplasms with resistance to both diseases and acceptable agronomic performance is a priority for improving wheat. A total of 660 wheat lines derived from crosses between elite commercial cultivars and resistant donors were evaluated for agronomic traits across five field environments (2019–2024), seedling resistance to Bgt races E15 and E17, and field resistance to stripe rust and were genotyped using markers linked to 14 known Pm loci. Resistance to Bgt was race dependent: only 22 lines (3.3%) exhibited high resistance to both E15 and E17, with infection types (ITs) ≤ 1 on the 0–4 powdery mildew scale, and resistance to the two races was weakly correlated, indicating race-specific variation. Stripe rust resistance was strongly environment dependent: the proportion of immune to highly resistant reactions (stripe rust IT ≤ 3 on the 0–9 scale) ranged from 94.4% (622/659) in 2020QL to 33.1% (218/659) in the highest-pressure environment (2022QL). At the line level, 382 of 659 lines (58.0%) had a mean stripe rust IT ≤ 3 across environments and were classified as immune or highly resistant. Marker analysis detected at least one marker allele linked to known Pm loci in 502 lines (76.1%), involving eight Pm-linked loci (Pm1c, Pm2, Pm5e, Pm6, Pm30, Pm42, Pm45 and Pm52). Because these markers indicate the presence of linked or associated loci rather than direct functional validation, the detected loci are referred to here as marker-detected Pm-linked loci. Notably, resistance to Bgt was not simply proportional to the number of marker-detected Pm-linked loci. Lines carrying three marker-detected Pm-linked loci showed significantly lower infection types to E17 than lines carrying two or fewer loci (p < 0.05), whereas four-locus lines did not show additional resistance. This result suggests a possible combination-associated pattern rather than a strictly number-dependent relationship; however, this interpretation should be considered cautiously because marker-count and marker-combination classes differed in sample size. The MBH1 marker, which is linked to Pm21 and PmV, was not detected in the overall group, suggesting that the identified resistant lines represent valuable resources without the MBH1-tagged Pm21/PmV background. Nineteen selected lines that combined high resistance to both stripe rust and powdery mildew with acceptable agronomic performance were identified. Among these, SWUST-675, SWUST-716, and SWUST-718 represent promising germplasms for disease-resistance breeding in wheat, particularly as lines with strong dual-disease resistance and without the MBH1-tagged Pm21/PmV background. Full article

This research investigates sustainable water treatment by evaluating competitive adsorption of Zn, Cd, and Hg using nitrogen-doped and nitrogen co-doped carbon cryogels. The synthesized materials exhibited high specific surface areas (up to 1530 m²/g) and a maximum multicomponent adsorption capacity of 1.03 mmol/g for the CCNS₃ sample. The practical applicability of these adsorbents was successfully validated in a real water sample, achieving up to 93% removal efficiency for the investigated metals despite the presence of background ions. Kinetic analysis confirmed that the adsorption process was predominantly controlled by the pseudo-second-order model while intraparticle diffusion modeling revealed a multi-stage adsorption process in which N, S co-doping significantly accelerated the initial mass transfer. The extended Sips isotherm best described multicomponent adsorption, indicating heterogeneous multi-site adsorption on sample surfaces. Concurrently, FTIR spectroscopy and DFT modeling confirmed a dual mode mechanism: while physisorption occurs on basal planes (E_ads > −0.8 eV, no charge transfer), the adsorption energy increases significantly at structural defects (N- and S-defects: E_ads < −2 eV, significant charge transfer). Excellent reusability properties of samples were confirmed over four consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles. These findings present a highly sustainable approach for competitive heavy metal removal establishing tailored doped and co-doped carbon cryogels as efficient, robust and reusable adsorbents. Full article

Background/Objectives: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is an important cause of knee instability and long-term morbidity in children and adolescents. Although several anatomical characteristics of the knee have been associated with ACL injury, these features are commonly evaluated in isolation despite the multidimensional nature of knee morphology. This study aimed to characterize MRI-based morphometric differences associated with pediatric ACL injury and to determine whether multidimensional knee morphology could discriminate ACL-injured from control knees using machine-learning approaches. Methods: This retrospective, single-center, case–control study included 462 patients 18 years of age or younger who underwent knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between January 2012 and June 2025. The cohort comprised 233 patients with ACL injury and 229 controls with an intact ACL. Eighteen MRI-derived femoral and tibial morphometric parameters were evaluated. Six feature-selection methods were combined with six classification algorithms, resulting in 36 model combinations assessed using repeated 10-fold cross-validation. Model discrimination, calibration, and feature-selection stability were evaluated. Feature selection was performed independently within each training fold to minimize information leakage. Results: In total, 13 of the 18 morphometric parameters differed significantly between groups after false discovery rate correction, including medial and lateral tibial slopes, medial tibial depth, lateral femoral condyle ratio, and intercondylar notch angles. Mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values across the 36 model combinations ranged from 0.908 to 0.959. least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) combined with naive Bayes achieved the highest mean AUC (0.959; 95% CI, 0.905–0.992), although 18 combinations showed statistically comparable discrimination. LASSO combined with logistic regression demonstrated similarly high discrimination (AUC, 0.957) with favorable calibration (Brier score, 0.080; calibration slope, 0.91; intercept, 0.01). LASSO also demonstrated the highest feature-selection stability (Nogueira index, 0.985; mean Jaccard similarity, 0.986), consistently retaining eight core features across all resampling iterations. Conclusions: Pediatric ACL injury was associated with a distinct multidimensional MRI-based morphometric profile involving both tibial and femoral anatomy. Multiple machine-learning approaches demonstrated high discrimination between ACL-injured and control knees, while LASSO-based feature selection showed particularly high reproducibility. These findings support the presence of a stable morphometric signature associated with pediatric ACL injury. The models should be interpreted as classifiers of established ACL injury status rather than prospective predictors of future injury. Full article

Background/Objectives: Cervical cancer treatment relies heavily on high-dose-rate (HDR) ¹⁹²Ir brachytherapy; however, therapeutic efficacy remains limited by tumor radioresistance and the inability to escalate dose without increasing toxicity to surrounding healthy tissues. The present study investigates the potential of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to enhance radiosensitivity under clinically relevant ¹⁹²Ir brachytherapy conditions through the combined action of physical dose amplification and radiobiological modulation. Particular emphasis is placed on the unique radiophysical interactions generated by the mixed gamma and secondary beta emissions of ¹⁹²Ir, which, in the presence of high atomic number nanoparticles, promote localized photoelectric absorption and the emission of low-range secondary electrons, including Auger electrons. The study further aims to determine how AuNPs size and post-irradiation temporal evolution influence radiation-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in cervical cancer cell lines, thereby providing a biologically representative model of nanoparticle-assisted brachytherapy. Methods: Clonogenic survival, dose enhancement factor (DEF), and apoptosis were evaluated following irradiation in the presence of 10 nm and 50 nm AuNPs in two independent biological experiments (n = 2). Results: A clear dose-dependent reduction in survival fraction and increase in apoptosis were observed in nanoparticle-treated groups compared with irradiation alone. Radiosensitization demonstrated strong size dependence, with 50 nm AuNPs producing the greatest enhancement, a finding that may reflect size-dependent differences in cellular internalization, intracellular distribution, and nanoscale energy deposition previously established in AuNP studies. Importantly, biological effects intensified at later post-irradiation intervals, demonstrating a sustained temporal evolution of the radiobiological response beyond the initial irradiation event, potentially involving oxidative and other delayed cellular stress mechanisms described in AuNP radiosensitization. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the capacity of AuNPs to enhance the radiobiological response of cervical cancer cells to ¹⁹²Ir brachytherapy and identify nanoparticle size and post-irradiation time as important determinants of this effect. They therefore support AuNP-assisted brachytherapy as a promising strategy for further development toward biologically optimized radiotherapy capable of improving tumor response without escalation of the prescribed radiation dose. Full article

Background: Systemic mastocytosis (SM) with associated non-mast cell myeloid neoplasm is a rare condition, defined by the presence of both SM and a clonal non-mast cell neoplasm. Due to its rarity, the demographic and molecular characteristics are poorly understood. This study investigated seven patients diagnosed with this condition at our institution. Methods: Our institutional database was searched for “systemic mastocytosis” from 1 January 2020, to 31 December 2025. Each case was annotated to identify the primary cohort of this study, systemic mastocytosis with associated non-mast cell myeloid neoplasm (SM-AHN). Demographic characteristics, outcome, hematologic features at diagnosis, cytogenetics, and molecular characteristics were annotated. Eight cases of isolated SM diagnosed during the same period were also analyzed for comparison. All patients in the database were followed until their death or until 31 December 2025. All data were exported to SPSS v. 28 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA^®). Results: A total of seven patients were diagnosed with SM-AHN. Compared to isolated SM, SM-AHN patients showed older age at presentation, poorer hematologic values (increased anemia and thrombocytopenia), higher mutational burden, and poorer outcomes. KIT mutations were most common, predominantly D816V, with other variants like D816Y and L576F also observed. Additional frequent mutations included DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, SF3B1, EZH2, JAK2, NRAS, and SRSF2. Conclusions: Our findings, though limited by a small sample size, suggest that SM with associated myeloid neoplasm presents with distinct clinical and molecular features compared to isolated SM. This combined disorder is associated with older age, worse hematologic parameters, a higher mutational burden, and poorer prognosis. The frequent co-occurrence of mutations in other genes, in addition to KIT mutations, highlights the complex molecular landscape. Full article

Background/Objectives: Chagas disease is endemic to 21 Latin American countries and is a great public health problem. Current chemotherapy remains unsatisfactory; consequently, the need to search for new drugs persists. The aim of this work is to develop a machine learning computational model, which allows the identification of new chemical compounds with potential trypanosomicidal activity. Methods: A large dataset of 584 compounds, obtained from the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, is used to develop the computational model. AlvaDesc v3.0.14 software is used to calculate the molecular descriptors, and Scikit-learn of Python to obtain the random forest. Results: The best random forest model shows accuracy of 82.1% for the training set and near to 79% for the test set, achieving specificity values over 84.9%, and the false alarm rate values were almost under 15% for both sets. As an experiment of virtual lead generation, the present model is finally satisfactorily applied to the virtual evaluation of a series of 1,2-disubstituted nitroindazolin-3-ones obtained a good agreement between the predicted activity and the experimental assays performed. Compounds 1c and 2c stood out as the most active in the series, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 71.3 and 40.9 μM, respectively. Mechanistic analyses suggest that the presence of the nitro group may promote the generation of reactive oxygen species through enzymatic redox activation, potentially involving T. cruzi nitroreductases (TcNTRs), leading to oxidative-stress-mediated parasite death. For the most active compounds, the data are consistent with intracellular hydroxyl radical generation through enzymatic redox processes. Conclusions: Even though none of them resulted more active than nifurtimox, the current results constitute a step forward in the search for efficient ways to discover new lead antitrypanosomals. Full article

Background/Objectives: Kidney dysfunction and anemia may each be associated with impaired muscle strength, but evidence on their concurrent presence is limited. We examined muscle strength according to kidney dysfunction and anemia status in Korean adults aged ≥40 years. Methods: This cross-sectional study used 2024 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Kidney dysfunction was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² or urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g; anemia as hemoglobin < 13 g/dL in men and <12 g/dL in women. Complex-sample logistic regression and general linear models analyzed 3649 participants in four groups. Results: Compared with participants with neither condition, the primary confounder-adjusted odds of low muscle strength were higher in the anemia-only group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57–3.61) and concurrent group (aOR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.86–5.89), but not in the kidney dysfunction-only group (aOR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.88–2.30). The concurrent group had the largest adjusted deficit in maximum handgrip strength (−2.51 kg; p < 0.001). Bonferroni-adjusted direct comparisons showed significantly poorer outcomes in the concurrent group than in the kidney dysfunction-only group, but not the anemia-only group. Conclusions: The concurrent presence of kidney dysfunction and anemia was associated with the least favorable muscle strength profile, particularly relative to kidney dysfunction alone; differences from anemia alone were not statistically significant after multiplicity correction. Full article

Background: The literature indicates that high-risk fertility behavior (HRFB) is prevalent in resource-limited settings. However, there is currently no data available on this issue in Sudan. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with HRFB among Sudanese women at Wad Madani Maternity Hospital in Gezira State, Sudan. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between 1 September and 1 December 2023. A total of 380 pregnant women who gave birth at Wad Madani Maternity Hospital were enrolled. The women’s sociodemographic characteristics and obstetrical data were assessed using a face-to-face questionnaire. The primary outcome was HRFB. Primary associated factors included maternal body mass index (BMI) and education level, while secondary outcomes focused on the distribution of individual risk categories. Multivariable binary regression analysis was performed. Results: The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age and parity of the enrolled women were 26.5 (23.0–30.0) years and 2 (1–4), respectively. Of 380 women, 171 (45.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 39.9–50.0%) had HRFB and 209 (55.0%, 95% CI = 49.9–60.1%) had no HRFB. Fifty-four (14.2%, 95% CI = 10.7–17.7%) women were classified as having multiple HRFBs, defined as the presence of two or more risk factors, and 117 (30.8%, 95% CI = 26.3–35.6%) had a single HRFB. In the multivariable binary regression analysis, high BMI (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.08, 95% CI, 1.03–1.13) and low maternal education level (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI, 1.45–3.37) were associated with having an HRFB. No significant associations were found between maternal employment and HRFB. Conclusions: The study revealed a high prevalence of HRFB (45.0%) among women in Wad Madani Maternity Hospital, Sudan, which was associated with low maternal education levels and BMI. Addressing these factors is needed to improve maternal and perinatal health outcomes in this hospital. Full article

Background: Interleukin-24 (IL-24) is expressed in synovial myofibroblasts and has been associated with pain severity in female patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, the direct effects of IL-24 on inflammatory responses in synovial fibroblasts and the signaling pathways involved remain unclear. This study investigated IL-24-induced transcriptional and inflammatory responses in fibroblast-enriched synovial cells and examined the effects of STAT3 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibition. Methods: Fibroblast-enriched synovial cells isolated from synovial tissue obtained from patients with knee OA undergoing total knee arthroplasty were stimulated with IL-24 for 6 and 24 h. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed using cells from two patients, and overlapping upregulated genes were subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. The concentration- and time-course experiment used samples from nine patients; the HJC0152 and SB203580 experiments used ten specimens from eight patients and ten specimens from nine patients, respectively. Selected inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were subsequently evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in concentration- and time-course experiments using nine specimens from nine patients. To investigate signaling involvement, cells were treated with IL-24 in the presence or absence of the STAT3 inhibitor HJC0152 or the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, each at 5 or 10 μM. Results: RNA-seq identified 27 and 34 overlapping upregulated genes that independently met the DEG criteria in both patients at 6 and 24 h, respectively. These genes were enriched in inflammatory pathways, including TNF, IL-17, NF-κB, chemokine, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. IL-24 significantly increased the mRNA expression of CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL3, IL6, and IL8. HJC0152 and SB203580 at 10 μM both significantly reduced IL-24-associated CCL2, CXCL1, and IL6 expression. At the protein level, both inhibitors attenuated CCL2, CXCL1, and IL-6 concentrations in IL-24-stimulated cells. HJC0152 also reduced CXCL3 expression at the mRNA level, although its protein-level effect was less pronounced. In contrast, the effects of both inhibitors on CXCL3, CXCL10, and IL-8 were limited or inconsistent. Conclusions: IL-24 induces an inflammatory response in fibroblast-enriched synovial cells characterized by increased chemokine and cytokine expression. STAT3 and p38 MAPK inhibition preferentially attenuated IL-24-associated CCL2, CXCL1, and IL-6 responses, suggesting the possible involvement of these pathways in selected IL-24-associated inflammatory responses. These findings provide a basis for further investigation of IL-24-related signaling in OA synovitis. Full article