Search Results (84)

The Pacific sleeper shark (Somniosus pacificus) is a long-lived, deep-water, sub-polar species that exhibits flexible foraging strategies, likely combining scavenging with active predation on a broad range of prey, yet their role in marine food webs and impact on commercial species remain undetermined. Tracking the location of Pacific sleeper sharks in Alaskan coastal waters is extremely challenging given the predominantly aphotic depths that these sharks occupy, often in spatially constrained and critically under-sampled regions: deep, steep-flanked, convoluted fjords of Prince William Sound (PWS). From the first ever, year-long depth and temperature records recovered from archiving pop-up satellite-linked transmitters (n = 7), we characterized the residence distributions, depth, and thermal habitat for sharks within the PWS fjords and identified seasonal and temporal variation in habitat use. Depths recorded from the seven sharks ranged from 3 to 572 m, and pop-up tag locations suggested a high degree intra-annual residency within western PWS. Ambient water temperatures ranged from 2.65 to 11.1 °C, with little deviation from the median of 5.9 °C. Seasonal patterns emerged within and across individuals relative to the variation in vertical movements, ambient temperatures, and horizontal movements that could reflect resource-oriented strategies. The high degree of residency combined with extensive use of the water column facilitates the use of physically recoverable, high-resolution behavioral and environmental samplers on Pacific sleeper sharks. This adaptive sampling using Pacific sleeper sharks as platforms of opportunity may in turn enable the use of Pacific sleeper sharks as climate and ecosystem sentinels. Full article

Phishing websites continue to evolve in sophistication, making them increasingly difficult to distinguish from legitimate platforms and challenging the effectiveness of current detection systems. In this study, we investigate the role of subtle deceptive behavioral cues such as mouse-over effects, pop-up triggers, right-click restrictions, and hidden iframes in enhancing phishing detection beyond traditional structural and domain-based indicators. We propose a hierarchical hybrid detection framework that integrates dimensionality reduction through Principal Component Analysis (PCA), phishing campaign profiling using K Means clustering, and a stacked ensemble classifier for final prediction. Using a public phishing dataset, we evaluate multiple feature configurations to quantify the added value of behavioral indicators. The results demonstrate that behavioral indicators, while weak predictors in isolation, significantly improve performance when combined with conventional features, achieving a macro F1 score of 97 percent. Explainable AI analysis using SHAP confirms the contribution of specific behavioral characteristics to model decisions and reveals interpretable patterns in attacker manipulation strategies. This study shows that behavioral interactions leave measurable forensic signatures and provides evidence that combining structural, domain, and behavioral features offers a more comprehensive and reliable approach to phishing intrusion detection. Full article

In educational smart learning contexts, 360° virtual tours deliver authentic, cross-device experiences, but uptake is limited by subscription-based authoring tools and free options that restrict in-tour rich media embedding. To address this, we present a library of eight open-source HTML5 widgets (image gallery, PDF viewer, quiz, 3D model viewer, webpage viewer, audio player, YouTube viewer, and image comparison) that can be embedded directly in the viewer as HTML pop-ups (e.g., CloudPano) or run standalone, with dual packaging (single self-contained HTML or server-hosted assets referenced by URL). Evaluation is limited to technical efficiency (resource size, load performance, and cross-device/browser compatibility), with pedagogical outcomes and learner performance beyond the scope. The architecture minimizes dependencies and enables reuse in virtual classrooms via iframes. We provide a unified web interface and a repository to promote adoption, auditability, and community contributions. The results show that standalone widgets are between 20 and 100 times smaller than H5P equivalents produced with Lumi Education and exhibit shorter measured load times (0.1–0.5 ms). Seamless integration is demonstrated for CloudPano and Moodle. By lowering costs, simplifying deployment, and broadening in-tour media capabilities, the proposed widgets offer a pragmatic pathway to enrich educational 360° tours. Full article

This study investigates the causes of mathematics anxiety, its effect on mathematical performance, and the influence of field placement among preservice teachers enrolled in a field-based elementary mathematics methods course. To investigate this, the study utilized four tools: the Abbreviated Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (A-MARS), concept maps, Praxis Core test score, and questionnaires. The quantitative analysis indicates a negative correlation between anxiety and math performance. The analysis of concept maps and questionnaires indicate that key contributors to math anxiety include pop-up quizzes, tests, exams, memorization of mathematical ideas, and past negative experiences with school mathematics. The qualitative data analysis revealed that reduced mathematics anxiety during field placements was primarily due to practical teaching experience, constructive feedback, positive student interactions, and opportunities for observation and reflection. Understanding the root causes of mathematics anxiety is essential for supporting preservice teachers and improving their teaching effectiveness. Additionally, field placements play a crucial role in reducing math anxiety by providing hands-on teaching experience and building confidence. It is important to alleviate math anxiety in preservice teachers to have a more positive impact on their future students. Full article

Pentastiridius leporinus (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) is considered the main vector of three phloem-restricted pathogens, γ-proteobacteria ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus’, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (Stolbur phytoplasma), and 16SrXII-P phytoplasma, which infect two economically important crops, sugar beet and potato. In this study, four pop-up tents (1 m²) were set up in a carrot (Daucus carota L.) field located in Bingen on the Rhine to determine whether egg laying, development of nymphs, and infection is possible on this vegetable. We further show that the planthopper P. leporinus can complete significant parts of its life cycle on carrots in the field, suggesting that it has expanded its host range to this crop in addition to sugar beet and potato. In addition, this study shows that P. leporinus is able to transmit phloem-restricted pathogens to carrots. Full article

Japan’s 8.5 million vacant homes (Akiyas) represent a paradox of scarcity amid surplus: while rural depopulation leaves properties abandoned, housing shortages and bureaucratic inefficiencies hinder their reuse. This study proposes AKI2ALL, an AI-blockchain framework designed to automate the circular repurposing of Akiyas into ten high-value community assets—guesthouses, co-working spaces, pop-up retail and logistics hubs, urban farming hubs, disaster relief housing, parking lots, elderly daycare centers, exhibition spaces, places for food and beverages, and company offices—through smart contracts and data-driven workflows. By integrating circular economy principles with decentralized technology, AKI2ALL streamlines property transitions, tax validation, and administrative processes, reducing operational costs while preserving embodied carbon in existing structures. Municipalities list properties, owners select uses, and AI optimizes assignments based on real-time demand. This work bridges gaps in digital construction governance, proving that automating trust and accountability can transform systemic inefficiencies into opportunities for community-led, low-carbon regeneration, highlighting its potential as a scalable model for global vacant property reuse. Full article

As data becomes a core driver of modern business innovation, mobile applications increasingly collect and process users’ personal information, posing significant challenges to the effectiveness of informed consent and the legitimacy of user authorization. Existing research on privacy informed consent mechanisms has predominantly focused on privacy policy texts and normative legal discussions, often overlooking a critical touchpoint—the launch-time privacy pop-up window. Moreover, empirical investigations from the user’s perspective remain limited. To address these issues, this study employs a two-stage approach combining compliance audit and grounded theory. The preliminary audit of 21 mobile apps assesses the compliance of privacy pop-ups, and the formal study uses thematic analysis of interviews with 19 participants to construct a dual-path explanatory framework. Key findings reveal that: (1) while the reviewed apps partially safeguarded users’ right to be informed, compliance deficiencies still persist; (2) trust and privacy fatigue emerge as dual motivations driving user consent. Trust plays a critical role in amplifying the impact of positive messages within privacy pop-ups by enhancing the consistency among users’ cognition, affect, and behavior, thereby reducing resistance to privacy consent and improving the effectiveness of the current informed consent framework. Conversely, privacy fatigue increases the inconsistency among these factors, undermining consent effectiveness and exacerbating the challenges associated with informed consent. This study offers a user-centered framework to explain the dynamics of informed consent in mobile privacy pop-ups and provides actionable insights for regulators, developers, and privacy advocates seeking to enhance transparency and user autonomy. Full article

This study aims to explore how key opinion leader (KOL) characteristics influence users’ purchase intentions in live shopping. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines real-time pop-up text mining and questionnaires, analyzed via Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling and a research framework integrating the stimulus–organism–response (SOR) model with pleasure–arousal–dominance (PAD) theory. Results indicate that KOL characteristics—namely professionalism, popularity, attractiveness, and entertainment—enhance users’ pleasure, arousal, and trust. These emotions boost impulse buying intentions but not planned ones. Planned purchase intention acts as a partial mediator, whereas impulse purchase intention serves as a full mediator. This research uncovers the intricate mechanism linking KOL traits to user emotions and purchase intentions. By integrating PAD theory and the SOR model, it examines emotional mediators, addresses prior theoretical gaps, offers vital insights for refining live-streaming marketing strategies, and holds substantial theoretical and practical significance for the sustainable growth of live-streaming e-commerce. Full article

Understanding the ecology of large pelagic fishes is important for species conservation and maintaining ecosystem dynamics. The Atlantic blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) is usually targeted in recreational fisheries and occasionally captured as bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries, yet it is considered an overexploited stock in the Atlantic. In this study, pop-up archival satellite tags were deployed on twenty-one blue marlins in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean between February 2006 and August 2021. Results show that blue marlin spent an average of 57% of their time in shallow waters (<10 m) and mostly at temperatures between 26 °C and 28 °C during both day and night. Minimum linear distances observed ranged from 124 to 1995 km, with tracking periods lasting 5 to 215 days. Overall, tagged blue marlins remained around the tagging region during the tracking period, except for six individuals that exhibited more directional movements offshore. The results provided in this study are relevant for better understanding the habitat use of blue marlins in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean and to support analysis for stock assessment purposes, which are often affected by uncertainties and large misreporting rates in the region. Full article

This study introduces the Eye-tracking Translation Software (ETS), a system that leverages eye-tracking data and real-time translation to enhance reading flow for non-native language users in complex, technical texts. By measuring the fixation duration, we can detect moments of cognitive load, ETS selectively provides translations, maintaining reading flow and engagement without undermining language learning. The key technological components include a desktop eye-tracker integrated with a custom Python-based application. Through a user-centered design, ETS dynamically adapts to individual reading needs, reducing cognitive strain by offering word-level translations when needed. A study involving 53 participants assessed ETS’s impact on reading speed, fixation duration, and user experience, with findings indicating improved comprehension and reading efficiency. Results demonstrated that gaze-based adaptations significantly improved their reading experience and reduced cognitive load. Participants positively rated ETS’s usability and were noted through preferences for customization, such as pop-up placement and sentence-level translations. Future work will integrate AI-driven adaptations, allowing the system to adjust based on user proficiency and reading behavior. The study contributes to the growing evidence of eye-tracking’s potential in educational and professional applications, offering a flexible, personalized approach to reading assistance that balances language exposure with real-time support. Full article

Computational thinking (CT) currently has been mainly explored using programming robots and conducted in K12 education. In early childhood education, arts have a significant place in children’s learning, expression and cognitive development. Specifically, creating pop-up storybooks is a child-friendly activity. Our study aimed to explore the combination of CT and art, and to develop talented children’s CT abilities through a multimodal literacies educational approach, which referred to using different skills (i.e., writing, drawing, making, and storytelling) in the art activity. A total of 12 talented children were selected to participate in a pop-up storybook production workshop using a convenience sampling method. We adopted an observation method to capture talented children’s CT behaviors, generating a total of 180 min of activity videos and collecting fieldnotes and the children’s worksheets and artworks for the data analysis. Based on a content analysis, we found that talented children enhanced their CT development in multiple modes and practiced seven CT skills. In conclusion, our study emphasizes the importance of art in children’s education and provides new insights for subsequent research on children’s CT education. Full article

Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) is an endangered species, and the Yangtze River Estuary is an important migration channel for this species. With the scale of Chinese sturgeon restocking along the Yangtze River gradually increasing, an increasing number of artificially bred Chinese sturgeon will come to the estuary. It is urgent to make the first insights about the distribution characteristics and migration strategy of the endangered Chinese sturgeon in the Yangtze River Estuary available. So, to balance the need for information about this endangered species and its conservation, a total of 14 Chinese sturgeons were released in the waters near Chongming Island on 9 April 2021 and 20 October 2022, and 50% of them have been successfully recovered. The data demonstrated that Chinese sturgeon had a good migration ability in the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent waters. One sturgeon returned to the freshwater area of the estuary after spending approximately 46 days in the sea at a maximum depth of 54.5 m, and two sturgeons returned to the Yangtze River mainstream within 3.5 days after release. We propose that the Northern Channel of the estuary may be the main passway for Chinese sturgeon to undertake the river–sea migration. The bycatch data of Chinese sturgeon showed that this species may prefer the southern area of the estuary. We hypothesize that the food resources and salinity regime are the main factors that promote Chinese sturgeon to enter the shoals around the coast of Chongming Island. The ocean currents, river runoff, salinity, and food resource may affect the distribution of Chinese sturgeon along the Chinese coast. Future work on the conservation of Chinese sturgeon should focus on the marine life history and continuously enrich the research data to improve conservation strategies. Full article

Overflow is one of the complicated working conditions that often occur in the drilling process. If it is not discovered and controlled in time, it will cause gas invasion, kick, and blowout, which will bring inestimable accidents and hazards. Therefore, overflow identification and early warning has become a hot spot and a difficult problem in drilling engineering. In the face of the limitations and lag of traditional overflow identification methods, the poor application effect, and the weak mechanisms of existing models and methods, a method of series fusion of feature data obtained from physical models as well as sliding window and random forest machine learning algorithm models is proposed. The overflow identification and early warning model of managed pressure drilling based on a series fusion data-driven model is established. The research results show that the series fusion data-driven model in this paper is superior to the overflow identification effect of other feature data and algorithm models, and the overflow recognition accuracy on the test samples reaches more than 99%. In addition, when the overflow is identified, the overflow warning is performed through the pop-up window and feature information output. The research content provides guidance for the identification of drilling overflow and the method of model fusion. Full article

The aim of this paper is to analyse ways to upgrade the existing urban and architectural features in the built environment by incorporating and enhancing the use of nature-based solutions (NbSs) in relation to the city of Bucharest, which lacks green spaces mapping and quality studies and literature. The paper draws a comparison between the design elements used in other cities, namely Lisbon, Vienna and Rome. These are also analysed and compared in relation to the integration in a mixed urban development plan for a research-to-business neighbourhood design competition in Măgurele, situated near Bucharest. A matrix of five criteria is used for the analysis: historical context, urban context, nature versus design, use and climate context. In Lisbon, examples range from new green walls, modern green Mediterranean courtyards, NbS in scaffolding and temporary walls, the placing of Miradores around the city to green-and-healthy marketing tools for restaurants. For Vienna, a street is being remodelled in an innovative way using independent green infrastructure designs in existing retrofitted parking units, hotels and residential constructions. For Bucharest, emergent pop-up, small scale, bottom-up solutions push the city’s urban fabric beyond the greyish look of socialist-communist background and eclectic late 19th, early 20th century built heritage. For Măgurele, different versions of a modern neighbourhood and street profile design issues are analysed, using 3D renderings that incorporate NbS at various insertion scales. Existing example cases showcase new dimensions and toolsets of the adaptation of the urban fabric based on a more ecosystem-based approach of architectural-urban research by design, as possible instruments that facilitate a Green Transition in urban settings. Covering more cities in the future would add to the impact and contribution of this study. Full article

Pelagic stingray (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) is the only species of stingray (Dasyatidae) that utilizes both pelagic and demersal habitats. It is the main bycatch species in pelagic longline fisheries targeting bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the Gulf of Lions. In the Mediterranean Sea, their stock structure, behavioural ecology and movements are unknown. For the first time in the Mediterranean, 17 individuals (39–60 cm disc width) were tagged with pop-up satellite archival transmitting tags using a novel method of tag attachment to investigate horizontal and vertical movements. The tags were attached for between two and 60 days. Between the months of July and October, pelagic stingray occupied a temperature range of 12.5–26.6 °C, and a depth range extending from the surface to 480 m. Monthly trends in catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of pelagic stingray peaked in August and decreased by late autumn. Pelagic stingray may aggregate on the continental shelf during summer and move southwards in early autumn, and this movement pattern is considered in relation to the reproductive cycle and overwintering. At-vessel mortality was low, but there was varying evidence of post-release mortality, indicating the need for further work. Future work and options for bycatch mitigation are also discussed. Full article