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Keywords = podology

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17 pages, 2314 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of Foot Pressure Distribution During Standing and Walking with Anatomical Leg Length Discrepancy—A Comparative Analysis of Patients with and Without Low Back Pain
by Krzysztof Konior, Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasiejko, Anna Lubkowska, Ewa Stachowska, Anna Walińska, Kinga Gonta, Piotr Skomro and Danuta Lietz-Kijak
Symmetry 2025, 17(7), 1059; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071059 - 4 Jul 2025
Viewed by 410
Abstract
Body asymmetry is often analysed in the context of low back pain (LBP). To date, research has mainly focused on the general relationships between asymmetry and pain, with less attention paid to issues related to pressure distribution and its potential impact on the [...] Read more.
Body asymmetry is often analysed in the context of low back pain (LBP). To date, research has mainly focused on the general relationships between asymmetry and pain, with less attention paid to issues related to pressure distribution and its potential impact on the occurrence of LBP. The aim of this study was to compare biomechanical parameters in people with anatomical leg length discrepancy with and without LBP to identify overloads that may lead to pain. Early detection of common abnormalities in these parameters in both groups may influence the early prevention of 0LBP in the course of LLD. Materials and methods: This study included 60 patients with diagnosed LLD, of whom 30 had LBP (group 1, NP) and 30 were pain-free (group 2, NwP). Body weight distribution during standing and walking was analysed using pedobarography. The analysis was carried out in two stages, the first being the analysis of the biomechanical parameters for the whole study population, for group 1 with LBP and group 2 without LBP, while the second stage focused on the main issue, i.e., the comparison of the group with LBP with the group without LBP. The study included standing and walking tests. Left–right pressure distribution and ground contact time were analysed. In addition, the angle of foot abduction was analysed to indirectly assess compensatory mechanisms resulting from the asymmetry. Results: The standing test showed significantly greater pressure on the longer limb (p = 0.022) in the whole study population (N = 60). When divided into groups, it was found that in those with LBP (NP = 30), the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.359), whereas in those without pain (NwP = 30), the pressure on the longer limb was significantly greater (p = 0.002). No differences were found between the groups in the comparative analysis. The angle of foot abduction was greater than normal across the study population (N = 60), with greater values in the shorter limb (12.83° vs. 11.04°), which was close to significance (p = 0.065). The group with LBP (NP = 30) showed a similar trend, also close to statistical significance (p = 0.054), with significantly higher values of abduction angle in both legs compared to the group without LBP (NwP = 30). In the walking test, the left–right load distributions were significantly dispersed. The mean pressure on the longer limb was significantly higher in group 1 (NP = 30) (p = 0.031), whereas this difference was not statistically significant in group 2 (NwP = 30). For mean peak pressure, there were no significant differences in any of the groups tested. In addition, the mean ground contact time during gait was longer for the longer limb in the whole study population (N = 60) (938.8 ms vs. 915 ms), but again, this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.305). Comparative analysis showed no differences between the groups. Conclusions: This study showed that in people with anatomical LLD, both with and without LBP, most parameters reflected marked asymmetries in peak and mean pressures and abduction angles. A prolongation of ground contact time has also been shown, and even though some parameters were not statistically significant, it is important to note the high dispersion of left–right loading, which provides information on body load asymmetries in patients with anatomical LLD. Given that there were no differences between the groups for most of the parameters, it is important for both clinical practice and further research that the abnormalities observed in both groups (NP = 30, NwP = 30) may have been a significant predictor of the development of LBP, as the abnormalities preceded the onset of pain. This should be taken into account in diagnostic and preventive measures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Life Sciences)
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15 pages, 1614 KiB  
Article
Impact of Exams on Diet, Physical Activity, and Body Composition in University Students
by Natalia Mudarra-García, Marina Pérez-Mudarra, Ismael Ortuño-Soriano, Raquel Badía-Iborra, María Jesús Vicente-Galán, Ignacio Zaragoza-García, Fernando Roque-Rojas and Francisco Javier García-Sánchez
Nutrients 2025, 17(11), 1929; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17111929 - 4 Jun 2025
Viewed by 642
Abstract
Background: Bad dietary habits and sedentary lifestyles alter body composition, increasing disease risk. Methods: We conducted a prospective, comparative, longitudinal observational study among nursing students from Complutense University of Madrid. Data were collected in two periods: before exams (January 2024) and during exams [...] Read more.
Background: Bad dietary habits and sedentary lifestyles alter body composition, increasing disease risk. Methods: We conducted a prospective, comparative, longitudinal observational study among nursing students from Complutense University of Madrid. Data were collected in two periods: before exams (January 2024) and during exams (May 2024). Body composition was assessed via bioimpedance (Beurer BF 1000), dietary habits through the modified Kidmed survey, and physical activity using the IPAQ. Results: During exam preparation, fat mass significantly increased (25.43% to 28.79%, p = 0.016), muscle mass significantly decreased (39.70% to 36.20%, p < 0.001), and visceral fat rose notably (2.34 to 3.52, p < 0.001). Students exhibiting poor dietary quality increased (54.2% to 80.0%, p < 0.001), vigorous physical activity dramatically decreased (84.7% to 11.1%, p < 0.001), and sedentary time increased significantly (408.24 to 543.61 min/day, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest dietary deterioration and reduced physical activity during exams adversely affect students’ body composition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)
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11 pages, 721 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Sarcopenia Using Rectus Femoris Ultrasound in Emergency Patients—A Cross-Sectional Study
by Francisco Javier García-Sánchez, Victoria Emilia Souviron-Dixon, Fernando Roque-Rojas and Natalia Mudarra-García
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(11), 3932; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14113932 - 3 Jun 2025
Viewed by 647
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia is a progressive muscle disorder commonly associated with aging and chronic diseases. It has been linked to worse clinical outcomes and increased vulnerability during acute illness. However, its prevalence in emergency department (ED) populations remains underexplored. This study aimed to [...] Read more.
Background: Sarcopenia is a progressive muscle disorder commonly associated with aging and chronic diseases. It has been linked to worse clinical outcomes and increased vulnerability during acute illness. However, its prevalence in emergency department (ED) populations remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of sarcopenia among ED patients using ultrasound, determine its relationship with underlying comorbidities, and assess its association with in-hospital complications. Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational, cross-sectional study at the Infanta Cristina University Hospital (Madrid, Spain) from January to May 2024. A total of 150 patients aged 18 years and older who presented to the ED were assessed for sarcopenia using rectus femoris ultrasound. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were collected. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify independent predictors of in-hospital complications. Patients were followed for 30 days to evaluate outcomes. Comparisons were made between diagnostic groups and sarcopenia indices. Results: The mean age of the cohort was 70.7 years (SD 18.15), and 52% were male. Neurological diseases were associated with the highest degree of sarcopenia (mean Y-axis: 0.93 cm), followed by digestive (1.05 cm), hematological (1.05 cm), and cardiovascular diseases (1.08 cm). Patients who developed in-hospital complications had lower mean muscle thickness values compared to those without complications (1.08 cm vs. 1.24 cm; p < 0.05). Sarcopenia was significantly correlated with the presence of comorbidities and poor clinical outcomes. Conclusions: These findings support the integration of sarcopenia screening protocols into emergency care and highlight the need for studies exploring early nutritional or rehabilitation interventions targeted at high-risk patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Emergency Medicine)
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19 pages, 506 KiB  
Article
Feasibility of a Pre-Operative Morphofunctional Assessment and the Effect of an Intervention Program with Oral Nutritional Supplements and Physical Exercise
by Natalia Mudarra-García, Fernando Roque-Rojas, Almudena Nieto-Ramos, Visitación Izquierdo-Izquierdo and Francisco Javier García-Sánchez
Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1509; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091509 - 29 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 668
Abstract
Background: Surgical patients often experience nutritional imbalances due to their underlying condition and the forthcoming surgical procedure. These imbalances can increase the risk of post-operative complications. To mitigate such risks, a comprehensive nutritional assessment—also known as morphofunctional assessment—should be conducted. This includes evaluating [...] Read more.
Background: Surgical patients often experience nutritional imbalances due to their underlying condition and the forthcoming surgical procedure. These imbalances can increase the risk of post-operative complications. To mitigate such risks, a comprehensive nutritional assessment—also known as morphofunctional assessment—should be conducted. This includes evaluating body composition (muscle and fat mass), muscle strength, and functional capacity. Methods: We conducted an observational, prospective, pre-post interventional study involving 138 patients undergoing major elective surgery. Each patient received a morphofunctional assessment and an individualized prehabilitation program, including nutritional supplementation, physical exercise, and comorbidity optimization for 21 days before surgery and one month afterward. Outcomes were assessed through bioimpedance (muscle mass), muscle ultrasound (QRF thickness), dynamometry (strength), and visceral fat ultrasound (fat reduction). Results: The patient’s morphofunctional assessment and subsequent nutritional and physical exercise optimization performed during the month before surgery in the prehabilitation consultation led to an increase in muscle mass (measured by bioimpedance analysis, p = 0.001), and muscle ultrasound, (QRF thickness: p < 0.001) and dinamometry (muscle strength: p = 0.014); a reduction in preperitoneal visceral fat thickness (reduction p < 0.001); and an improvement in the patients’ nutritional status, with a decrease in malnutrition rates (64.8% vs. 31.8%). As a result, post-operative complications were effectively prevented (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Pre-operative patient optimization by means of a prehabilitation program led to increased muscle strength, improved muscle mass, reduced complication rates, and shorter hospital stays. In addition, patients maintained their quality of life and functional capacity following surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Nutrition)
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13 pages, 1593 KiB  
Article
Prehabilitation in Major Surgery: An Evaluation of Cost Savings in a Tertiary Hospital
by Natalia Mudarra-García, Fernando Roque-Rojas, Visitación Izquierdo-Izquierdo and Francisco Javier García-Sánchez
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(7), 2460; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072460 - 3 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 630
Abstract
(1) Background: Prehabilitation programs improve patients’ functional capacity before surgery by enhancing physical activity, nutrition, and psychological well-being, thereby reducing postoperative complications, hospital stays, and readmissions. We propose a centralized model led by an advanced practice nurse and internist to minimize consultations [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Prehabilitation programs improve patients’ functional capacity before surgery by enhancing physical activity, nutrition, and psychological well-being, thereby reducing postoperative complications, hospital stays, and readmissions. We propose a centralized model led by an advanced practice nurse and internist to minimize consultations and reduce costs. (2) Methods: We studied 211 patients in a tertiary hospital in Madrid, with 135 enrolled in the centralized prehabilitation program and 76 in standard care (control). We compared complications, hospital stays, blood transfusions, and consultations, estimating costs using public pricing from Madrid’s healthcare authorities. (3) Results: The centralized model significantly reduced blood transfusions (p = 0.014), postoperative complications (p < 0.001), and hospital stays (p = 0.004), leading to annual savings of EUR 593,453.00. (4) Conclusions: A centralized surgical prehabilitation model decreases complications, hospital stays, readmissions, and consultations compared to standard care, significantly reducing healthcare costs. Full article
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15 pages, 587 KiB  
Article
Media Health Literacy in Spanish Nursing Students: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
by Noelia Navas-Echazarreta, Pedro José Satústegui-Dordá, Francisco José Rodríguez-Velasco, María Eva García-Perea, Antonio Martínez-Sabater, Elena Chover-Sierra, María Luisa Ballestar-Tarín, Pablo Del Pozo-Herce, Silvia González-Fernández, Regina Ruiz de Viñaspre-Hernández, Michal Czapla and Raúl Juárez-Vela
Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(3), 2565-2579; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14030189 - 22 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1508
Abstract
Background: Amidst current misinformation, media literacy is an essential competency for nursing professionals. This study aimed to analyze the level of media health literacy among Spanish undergraduate nursing students, stratifying the results by gender, region, and other associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study [...] Read more.
Background: Amidst current misinformation, media literacy is an essential competency for nursing professionals. This study aimed to analyze the level of media health literacy among Spanish undergraduate nursing students, stratifying the results by gender, region, and other associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at five Spanish universities (N = 416) using the Spanish version of the Media Health Literacy (MeHLit-SV) Questionnaire. Results: Students presented an average media health literacy score of 48.73 points. The media health literacy level was significantly higher among students from universities in the central and northeastern regions of Spain (ANOVA Test, p = 0.0002), those who had previously studied in a city (ANOVA Test, p = 0.001), those who combined their studies with employment (ANOVA Test, p = 0.001), and those residing in communities with fewer than 500 inhabitants (ANOVA Test, p = 0.001). No differences were found based on gender. Conclusions: The media health literacy level of the students was deficient and varied according to socio-economic and socio-educational factors. Understanding the literacy level of future nurses and promoting the inclusion of this competency in their education will enable them to become leaders in improving the population’s health self-care. Full article
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10 pages, 574 KiB  
Article
Verification of Nasogastric Tube Positioning Using Ultrasound by an Intensive Care Nurse: A Pilot Study
by María Robles-González, Oscar Arrogante, Juan Antonio Sánchez Giralt, Ismael Ortuño-Soriano and Ignacio Zaragoza-García
Healthcare 2024, 12(16), 1618; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12161618 - 14 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3142
Abstract
Placing a nasogastric tube (NGT) is a frequent nursing technique in intensive care units. The gold standard for its correct positioning is the chest X-ray due to its high sensitivity, but it represents a radiation source for critically ill patients. Our study aims [...] Read more.
Placing a nasogastric tube (NGT) is a frequent nursing technique in intensive care units. The gold standard for its correct positioning is the chest X-ray due to its high sensitivity, but it represents a radiation source for critically ill patients. Our study aims to analyze whether the ultrasound performed by an intensive care nurse is a valid method to verify the NGT’s correct positioning and to evaluate the degree of interobserver agreement between this nurse and an intensive care physician in the NGT visualization using ultrasound. Its correct positioning was verified by direct visualization of the tube in the stomach and indirect visualization by injecting fluid and air through the tube (“dynamic fogging” technique). A total of 23 critically ill patients participated in the study. A sensitivity of 35% was achieved using direct visualization, increasing up to 85% using indirect visualization. The degree of interobserver agreement was 0.88. Therefore, the indirect visualization of the NGT by an intensive care nurse using ultrasound could be a valid method to check its positioning. However, the low sensitivity obtained by direct visualization suggests the need for further training of intensive care nurses in ultrasonography. According to the excellent degree of agreement obtained, ultrasound could be performed by both professionals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nursing)
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14 pages, 608 KiB  
Systematic Review
Respectful Children’s Shoes: A Systematic Review
by Pilar Alfageme-García, Sonia Hidalgo-Ruiz, Sergio Rico-Martín, Julián Fernando Calderón-García, Víctor Manuel Jimenez-Cano, Juan Francisco Morán-Cortés and Belinda Basilio-Fernández
Children 2024, 11(7), 761; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11070761 - 23 Jun 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4362
Abstract
Background: Child footwear, both in pathologies and in normal situations, can affect the foot in various ways depending on its characteristics. Below, some features of child footwear are described, and how they can influence the foot, including suitable size, shape and design, flexibility, [...] Read more.
Background: Child footwear, both in pathologies and in normal situations, can affect the foot in various ways depending on its characteristics. Below, some features of child footwear are described, and how they can influence the foot, including suitable size, shape and design, flexibility, and transpirable material; inadequate footwear includes situations with flat foot, equine foot, and hammer toes. It is important to highlight that each child is unique and may have different footwear needs. In case of specific pathologies or concerns, it is recommended to consult a specialist in podology or foot medicine for personalized assessment and recommendations. Methods: The present systematic review was conducted in accordance with the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results: Children’s footwear must adapt to all stages of children’s growth, starting from when they begin to walk, to promote the correct evolution of their musculoskeletal system. For up to six months, they do not need to wear shoes; socks and similar clothing are enough to warm your feet like a second skin. The flexibility of respectful footwear is essential between six months and three or four years. From that age onwards, the soles can be somewhat thicker, and the buttress can have a certain firmness, but the shoes should remain flexible. Conclusions: Eco-friendly footwear, which typically comes from small businesses and factories, is sometimes described as “ergonomic footwear”. However, there is some reluctance towards this term. When choosing this type of footwear for children, it is important to not just look at the label; rather, one should verify that it meets all the necessary characteristics to be considered respectful. Full article
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13 pages, 285 KiB  
Article
Gender Differences among Nurses in Managing Arterial Puncture-Related Pain: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
by Julio Alberto Mateos-Arroyo, Ignacio Zaragoza-García, Rubén Sánchez-Gómez, Paloma Posada-Moreno, Sara García-Almazán and Ismael Ortuño-Soriano
Healthcare 2024, 12(5), 531; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12050531 - 23 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1288
Abstract
There is evidence that healthcare can be executed differentially depending on the gender of patients, researchers, and clinicians. The aim was to analyze the possible existence of nursing gender differences in pain management produced by arterial puncture for blood gas analysis. A cross-sectional, [...] Read more.
There is evidence that healthcare can be executed differentially depending on the gender of patients, researchers, and clinicians. The aim was to analyze the possible existence of nursing gender differences in pain management produced by arterial puncture for blood gas analysis. A cross-sectional, multicenter study designed was conducted in Castilla-la Mancha (Spain). Variables of interest were collected from nurses in the public health system of a European region through a questionnaire. Data were collected for four months; the primary outcome was the use of any intervention to reduce pain and the explanatory variable was the nurse’s gender. Bivariate analysis was carried out to assess associations between gender and pain-reducing interventions and a multivariate model was created with those factors that were relevant using logistic regression. A significantly higher proportion of men reported using some form of intervention (45% vs. 30%) and had more specific training (45.9% vs. 32.4%). The adjusted probability of using pain-reducing interventions by men was 71% higher than women. Thus, we found gender differences in the management of pain caused by arterial punctures performed by nurses as the main healthcare providers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pain Management in Healthcare Practice)
13 pages, 303 KiB  
Article
Podiatric Skin and Nail Involvement and Biomechanical Pathology in Renal Transplant Recipients: Assessment of the Foot as a Contributing Factor to Their Health
by Cristina González-Martín, Vanesa Balboa-Barreiro, Mª Teresa Garcia-Rodriguez, Raquel Veiga-Seijo, Teresa Seoane-Pillado and Estefanía Couceiro-Sanchez
Healthcare 2023, 11(23), 3078; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11233078 - 30 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1347
Abstract
Although several studies show the prevalence of podiatric conditions in people with end-stage renal disease or renal replacement therapy with hemodialysis, there is little scientific literature on this when subjects are undergoing kidney transplantation. The aim of this study is to determine the [...] Read more.
Although several studies show the prevalence of podiatric conditions in people with end-stage renal disease or renal replacement therapy with hemodialysis, there is little scientific literature on this when subjects are undergoing kidney transplantation. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of podiatric skin and nail pathology in renal transplant recipients. A descriptive, observational, prevalence study was conducted at the Nephrology Department of the University Hospital of A Coruña. A total of 371 subjects were studied. The variables studied were sociodemographic (age, sex), anthropometric (Body Mass Index), comorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index), and podological (skin and nail alterations). A high presence of skin (83.1%) and nail pathology (85.4%) was observed, with hyperkeratosis (68.8%), onychogryphosis (39.4%), and onychocryptosis (36.9%) being the most predominant alterations. Although it was not significant, patients with a higher risk of presenting podiatric pathology were of female sex and had a high BMI, and both age and the Charlson comorbidity index were significantly associated with this risk. There was an increased risk of both skin and nail pathology at older age and in the presence of diabetes mellitus. Full article
14 pages, 303 KiB  
Article
Breaking the Stigma in Mental Health Nursing through High-Fidelity Simulation Training
by Agustín Javier Simonelli-Muñoz, Diana Jiménez-Rodríguez, Oscar Arrogante, Fernando Jesús Plaza del Pino and Juana Inés Gallego-Gómez
Nurs. Rep. 2023, 13(4), 1593-1606; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep13040132 - 3 Nov 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3938
Abstract
The social stigma toward individuals with mental health problems is habitual among nursing students, which can lead to poor quality of health care services for patients with mental illnesses. The purpose of the present study was to learn about nursing students’ perceptions of [...] Read more.
The social stigma toward individuals with mental health problems is habitual among nursing students, which can lead to poor quality of health care services for patients with mental illnesses. The purpose of the present study was to learn about nursing students’ perceptions of providing care to patients with severe mental disorders before and after participating in a simulated student clinical case. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted through 39 interviews. The difficulties expected by the students and their perceptions about patients were explored before the simulation training. Their perceptions about the use of clinical simulation for learning about the adequate management of these patients were analyzed afterwards. Results: Before the simulation training, the students assessed the case as being complicated, expressed their lack of specific training, and felt fear and insecurity, thus reproducing the stigma towards mental health patients. After this training, they positively valued the usefulness of the clinical simulation for gaining confidence and overcoming the stigma. Discussion: The use of high-fidelity simulation offers nursing students the opportunity to approach patients with mental health conditions, overcoming their fears and normalizing mental disorders. Simulation training allows nursing students to analyze the reasoning of clinical judgment and to detect the influence of previous prejudices about mental illness in their clinical decision. This study was not registered. Full article
16 pages, 2790 KiB  
Article
Ergonomics Applied to the Development and Evaluation of Insoles for Protective Footwear
by Ana Lúcia Gadelha de Moura Lima, Susana Costa, Nélson Costa, Celina P. Leão, Anna S. P. Moraes, Miguel Carvalho, Tiago Atalaia, Rodrigo B. Martins, João Martiniano, Pedro Arezes and Fernando Duarte
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(10), 6207; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106207 - 18 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2972
Abstract
Knowledge of ergonomics/human factors plays an important role in the creation and design of safety shoes and insoles, contributing to worker protection, comfort, and stability. The purpose of this study is to compare previous insole designs and analyze the plantar pressure and gait [...] Read more.
Knowledge of ergonomics/human factors plays an important role in the creation and design of safety shoes and insoles, contributing to worker protection, comfort, and stability. The purpose of this study is to compare previous insole designs and analyze the plantar pressure and gait pattern kinematics using the Oxford foot model protocol. The tests were performed comparing the environments on the three rockers of the gait, represented by the heel, midfoot, and forefoot, according to the classification of foot type. The analysis of plantar pressure, regarding its total and maximum distribution, showed that the innovative insole presents a better load distribution in terms of the maximum plantar pressure exerted in the hindfoot and forefoot regions. In the biomechanical analysis of gait, the five variables studied did not show variation in the normal mechanics of the foot in any of the three environments considered. The hallux joint was the one that presented the greatest divergences with the barefoot in terms of amplitude and variability, as expected. Full article
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13 pages, 869 KiB  
Article
Validation of the Barthel Index as a Predictor of In-Hospital Mortality among COVID-19 Patients
by Julio Alberto Mateos-Arroyo, Ignacio Zaragoza-García, Rubén Sánchez-Gómez, Paloma Posada-Moreno and Ismael Ortuño-Soriano
Healthcare 2023, 11(9), 1338; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11091338 - 6 May 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2858
Abstract
In order to predict the high mortality due to COVID-19, simple, useful and remote instruments are required. To assess the validity of the baseline Barthel Index score as a predictor of in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients, a validation study of a clinical prediction [...] Read more.
In order to predict the high mortality due to COVID-19, simple, useful and remote instruments are required. To assess the validity of the baseline Barthel Index score as a predictor of in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients, a validation study of a clinical prediction tool in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 was conducted. The primary variable was mortality and the Barthel Index was the main explanatory variable. Demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were collected. Other mortality predictor scores were also assessed: Pneumonia Severity Index, CURB-65 and A-DROP. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Area under the Curve (ROC AUC), sensitivity and specificity were calculated for both the Barthel Index and the other predictor scores. An analysis of the association between the main variables was conducted, adjusting by means of three multivariate models. Three hundred and twelve patients were studied. Mortality was 16.4%. A mortality Odds Ratio (OR) of 5.95 was associated with patients with a Barthel Index ≤ 90. The model number 3 was developed to predict in-hospital mortality before COVID-19 infection occurs. It exhibits an OR of 3.44, a ROC AUC of 0.792, a sensitivity of 74.5% and a specificity of 73.9%. The Baseline Barthel Index proved useful in our population as a predictor of in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Coronaviruses (CoV) and COVID-19 Pandemic)
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11 pages, 261 KiB  
Article
Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Foot Posture Index (FPI-6)—Italian Version
by Serena Loreti, Anna Berardi and Giovanni Galeoto
Healthcare 2023, 11(9), 1325; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11091325 - 5 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2226
Abstract
Since foot posture is one of the main predictors of lower limb musculoskeletal injuries, it is crucial to use appropriate tools to define the foot’s posture. The Foot Posture Index is, therefore, a reliable method to measure foot posture and is widely known [...] Read more.
Since foot posture is one of the main predictors of lower limb musculoskeletal injuries, it is crucial to use appropriate tools to define the foot’s posture. The Foot Posture Index is, therefore, a reliable method to measure foot posture and is widely known and used in clinics and research. This study aimed to translate the Foot Posture Index 6 (FPI6) into Italian and to assess its psychometric properties. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation were obtained using a popular guideline. Two examinators assessed 68 subjects, and data were collected to test intra/inter-rater reliability, internal consistency and cross-cultural validity. The Italian version of FPI6 showed excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability (ICC 0.96 and 0.97), and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.9, thus showing excellent internal consistency. The FPI-6 version has proved to be reliable in terms of inter- and intra-rater reliability and can, therefore, be used in clinical practice and scientific research. Full article
14 pages, 1061 KiB  
Article
Barriers and Facilitators to the Learning and Acquisition of Research Competencies among Nursing Students through Active Methodologies: A Qualitative Study Using Reflective Writing
by Juan Francisco Velarde-García, Beatriz Álvarez-Embarba, María Nieves Moro-Tejedor, Leyre Rodríguez-Leal, Oscar Arrogante, María Gema Alvarado-Zambrano, Jorge Pérez-Corrales and Domingo Palacios-Ceña
Healthcare 2023, 11(8), 1078; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11081078 - 10 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4961
Abstract
Background: The development of educational research, critical thinking skills, and evidence-based practice requires proposals for educational innovation. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of undergraduate nursing students on the barriers and facilitators after the implementation of a novel activity [...] Read more.
Background: The development of educational research, critical thinking skills, and evidence-based practice requires proposals for educational innovation. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of undergraduate nursing students on the barriers and facilitators after the implementation of a novel activity within the course of research methodology, composed of three active learning strategies: (a) project-based learning; (b) small-group learning; and (c) self-directed learning. Methods: A qualitative exploratory study using reflective writing was conducted at the Nursing Department of the Red Cross School (Spain). Seventy-four nursing students participated in the study, enrolled in the research methodology course. Purposive sampling was used. Online reflective notes were collected from a script of open-ended questions. An inductive thematic analysis was performed. Results: The new proposals facilitated learning of the subject matter and its contents. They were useful and enabled the students to put the contents into practice. In addition, they improved the students’ organization, planning, and involvement. The barriers identified were a lack of time, ambiguity, inadequate tutoring or novelty of the work, and inequity in the distribution of tasks and workloads. Conclusions: Our findings shed light on the barriers and facilitators identified by nursing students when implementing an educational innovation proposal, using three active learning methodologies as learning tools for the subject of nursing research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nursing)
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