Search Results (1,103)

Background: Complicated and recurrent urinary tract infections (cUTI/rUTI) remain diagnostically challenging, particularly after antimicrobial exposure and in polymicrobial or fastidious infections. Multiplex PCR may address some limitations of culture, but panel composition requires periodic refinement as epidemiological, resistance, and clinical evidence evolves. This study describes the transition of the DocLab UTM™ multiplex PCR assay from the prospectively evaluated V2 configuration to the redesigned V5 configuration. Methods: V2 pathogen-level agreement with quantitative urine culture and molecular AMR target–phenotypic AST agreement were characterized using 773 baseline specimens from the prospective multicenter NCT06996301 study. V2-to-V5 panel reconfiguration incorporated US epidemiological and AMR evidence, clinical and antimicrobial-stewardship considerations, and species-level reporting value. V5 was assessed retrospectively using 743 evaluable archived specimens from the same NCT06996301 cohort. Pathogen and AMR agreement were evaluated against the original parent-study quantitative culture and phenotypic AST comparators, and directly shared V2–V5 targets were compared within the common paired cohort using McNemar testing with Holm adjustment for multiple target-specific comparisons. Six newly introduced pathogen targets and one internal process-control target underwent limited contrived-urine feasibility testing. Results: V2 showed high agreement for most established pathogen and AMR targets, although lower negative percent agreement was observed for selected composite pathogen groups. V5 separated several composite targets into species-level outputs and modified selected AMR reporting, principally the qnr architecture. Across evaluated V5 AMR targets, positive percent agreement ranged from 94.9% to 100.0% and negative percent agreement from 96.6% to 99.6%. After Holm adjustment, paired V2–V5 comparisons identified no statistically significant differences in molecular classifications among the directly shared pathogen or AMR targets (all adjusted p > 0.05). All tested spiked-positive and negative contrived specimens were classified as expected under the predefined feasibility conditions. Conclusions: V5 increased species-level reporting resolution while retaining generally high retrospective pathogen and AMR agreement with the original parent-study comparators. Paired analyses did not identify statistically significant directional changes in shared-target classifications. Newly introduced targets require comprehensive validation, and prospective evaluation of the final V5 configuration is needed before conclusions regarding clinical or stewardship benefit can be made. Full article

Educators who keep teaching under wartime missile threat occupy a demanding dual role, sustaining instruction and students’ emotional needs while personally exposed. This descriptive cross-sectional study examined dispositional and life-stage correlates of perceived resilience among 234 educators in Northern Israel during active missile threat (April–July 2024); all shared the same regional context, though individual exposure was unmeasured. Participants completed the CD-RISC-10 and the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. Two confirmatory questions concerned personality–resilience associations; a third, exploratory question concerned the parent–non-parent contrast. In a hierarchical regression, Emotional Stability (β = 0.37) and Conscientiousness (β = 0.24) were the strongest observed dispositional correlates, and the model accounted for 41.0% of the variance; because Emotional Stability and the resilience measure overlap conceptually and in method, it is reported as an observed correlate rather than a predictor. Parents scored higher than non-parents (d = 0.68), but minimal covariate overlap (only 27 of 186 parents matchable) means parenthood cannot be separated from an incompletely measured life-stage configuration; it is retained only as an exploratory marker. Interpreted within a Conservation of Resources framework, this study offers a contextual extension of established personality–resilience findings to educators under sustained missile threat; all findings are associational. Full article

Background/Objectives: Catch-up vaccination is essential for reaching zero-dose and under-vaccinated children. However, community participation depends on several factors whose interactions remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to analyze the dimensions structuring community participation in catch-up vaccination and to develop a conceptual framework describing their relationships. Methods: An analytical qualitative study was conducted between July and November 2025 in the health districts of Abobo and Yopougon, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Data were gathered from 106 participants through 26 semi-structured individual interviews and eight focus group discussions involving 80 parents or caregivers of children aged 0–59 months. Interviews and focus group discussions were transcribed in French, and thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo 14 (Lumivero, Denver, CO, USA). A standardized thematic codebook with operational definitions was used by three coders to ensure consistent coding across transcripts. Results: Thematic analysis across participant groups identified seven components shaping community participation: exposure to information, understanding of the message, trust in actors and services, social acceptance, parents’ availability and capacity, participation in the activity, and effective vaccination of the child. Five cross-cutting factors influenced progression along this pathway. Participation could break down when information was insufficient or unclear, trust was undermined by perceived costs or rumors, social acceptance was constrained, or parents faced competing work and time demands. These interactions informed the Community Participation Pathway for Catch-up Vaccination (CPP-CV), which identifies potential disruption points between information exposure and effective vaccination and highlights that non-participation may result from the interaction of informational, social, individual, structural, and organizational factors rather than vaccine hesitancy alone. Conclusions: The findings suggest that participation in catch-up vaccination goes beyond information alone and results from the interaction between community and organizational factors. Non-participation should not be treated as a single problem or assumed to reflect vaccine hesitancy. The CPP-CV provides a programmatically oriented framework for identifying where the pathway from information to vaccination breaks down and for tailoring catch-up strategies accordingly. Full article

Background: Evidence regarding long-term outcomes among offspring following maternal or paternal exposure to BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is limited. We described pregnancy outcomes and offspring health through adolescence and early adulthood in a single-centre cohort of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Methods: This retrospective, descriptive cohort study included patients with chronic-phase CML who experienced a pregnancy, or whose partner experienced a pregnancy, in association with TKI exposure and for whom longitudinal offspring follow-up was available. Long-term offspring outcomes were ascertained from detailed obstetric and pediatric medical records supplemented by parental reports. Fourteen patients (nine women and five men) contributed 21 pregnancy events and 23 live-born offspring, including two twin pregnancies in the paternal-exposure group. Results: In the maternal-exposure group, median gestational age at delivery was 38.0 weeks (range, 35–40), and four of 15 deliveries were preterm. In the paternal-exposure group, median gestational age was 39.0 weeks (range, 38–41), with no preterm deliveries. Median offspring follow-up was 252 months (range, 212–295), extending through adolescence and into early adulthood. One offspring had a primum atrial septal defect that was surgically corrected. No additional clinically documented major abnormalities in growth or developmental progress were identified during available follow-up. Given the small cohort, these observations were interpreted descriptively and were not considered evidence of equivalence with population-level rates. Conclusions: This small retrospective cohort provides unusually long observational follow-up of offspring after selected maternal or paternal TKI exposures. The findings are clinically informative but cannot establish reproductive safety or exclude rare adverse outcomes. Larger multicentre registries using standardized long-term developmental, neurocognitive, and endocrine assessments are needed. Full article

Background and Objectives: The main neurodegenerative diseases (NDs)—Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)—represent a growing global health burden with no available disease-modifying therapies. Curcumin, a polyphenol from Curcuma longa, is a promising candidate owing to its pleiotropic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective profile observed mainly in preclinical models, but the poor oral bioavailability (<1%) and negligible BBB penetration (<0.1%) have substantially limited curcumin’s clinical translation. The objective of this work was to critically examine the therapeutic potential of curcumin in NDs, focusing on advanced drug delivery systems (DDSs) designed to overcome its pharmacokinetic barriers. Methods: This is a narrative, non-systematic review of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. The review is organized around five complementary thematic areas selected to span the full translational pipeline of curcumin in neurodegeneration, from mechanistic rationale to clinical applicability: (1) molecular mechanisms, addressing the pleiotropic activities that justify therapeutic interest; (2) pharmacokinetic barriers, the principal obstacle to clinical translation; (3) the evolution of drug delivery systems (DDSs), documenting the technological strategies developed to overcome these barriers; (4) disease-specific applications, evaluating the available evidence across the four main NDs; and (5) translational limitations, identifying the methodological and regulatory gaps that must be closed to enable clinical implementation. Results: Curcumin exhibits neuroprotective activity in preclinical models of the four NDs analysed, acting on six interconnected mechanisms and the gut–brain axis. Four generations of DDSs have been developed, from phytosomes and clinically used lipid dispersions (Meriva^®, BCM-95^®, Longvida^®, and Theracurmin^®) to fourth-generation systems (biomimetic nanoparticles, MOFs, microneedles, 3D scaffolds, hydrogels, and carbon dots) that substantially increase the bioavailability in preclinical studies. Combination strategies, such as curcumin with resveratrol and dutasteride, show preliminary clinical signals in ALS. However, clinical translation remains limited: over 80% of positive animal findings have not been replicated in humans, formulation characterization is frequently incomplete, and most trials lack CNS-exposure biomarkers. Importantly, most of the reported bioavailability claims are based on total curcumin measurements (parent aglycone plus its inactive Phase II conjugates) rather than the active aglycone alone, a methodological limitation that should be considered when interpreting the magnitude of the bioavailability improvements reported for novel formulations. Conclusions: Curcumin exhibits pleiotropic neuroprotective activity in preclinical models of AD, PD, MS, and ALS, mediated by interconnected antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloidogenic, mitochondrial, and gut–brain axis mechanisms. However, its poor systemic bioavailability (<1%), minimal blood–brain barrier penetration, and extensive first-pass metabolism have limited clinical translation. Advanced drug delivery systems (including lipid-based carriers (liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers), polymeric nanoparticles (PLGA and chitosan), and bioinspired vesicles (exosomes)) are essential in order to overcome these barriers. Nevertheless, the formulation heterogeneity, limited long-term safety data, and reliance on preclinical models remain major obstacles; a definitive clinical translation will therefore require well-characterized formulations validated in phase II/III trials with cerebrospinal fluid exposure biomarkers, the pharmacokinetic monitoring of active aglycone (rather than total curcumin including inactive conjugates), and adaptive trial designs in neurological populations. Full article

Neurodegenerative diseases arise from interacting oxidative, inflammatory, mitochondrial, and proteostatic disturbances. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), an olive phenol, has been proposed as a multitarget neuroprotective compound. This narrative review integrates HT chemistry, parent/metabolite pharmacokinetics, blood–brain barrier (BBB) evidence, mechanisms, disorder-specific models, and human studies. Direct HT evidence is strongest for nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) activation and experimental modulation of α-synuclein; support for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), mitochondrial protection, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-related inflammation, and amyloid-β (Aβ) is predominantly preclinical, whereas tau, autophagic flux, and ubiquitin–proteasome effects remain preliminary. Oral HT is rapidly absorbed but extensively conjugated, and no study has quantified parent HT or its major metabolites in the human brain or cerebrospinal fluid after oral supplementation. Isolated-HT trials show systemic antioxidant or anti-inflammatory biomarker effects, while cognitive findings derive mainly from phenolic-rich olive matrices and cannot be assigned to HT alone. No disease-modifying efficacy has been established for isolated HT in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), or related disorders. HT is therefore a mechanistically plausible candidate, but human brain exposure, dose–response, and efficacy require adequately powered disease-specific trials. Full article

Background/Objectives: The application of organic soil amendments constitutes an important source of antibiotic residues in agricultural soils. However, studies have mainly focused on a few parent tetracyclines, whereas information on their transformation products (TPs) in organic amendments remains scarce. Therefore, this study assessed the occurrence and environmental risk of six tetracyclines and seven TPs in organic amendments. Methods: Processed livestock manures applied in the European Union (horse, poultry, and bovine manure), as well as fresh and treated sewage sludge, were analyzed using matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) combined with online SPE-LC-MS/MS. Environmental risk was assessed using risk quotients (RQs) based on predicted environmental concentrations in soil (PEC_soil) calculated from the maximum measured concentrations and predicted no-effect concentrations in soil (PNEC_soil) obtained either directly from terrestrial ecotoxicity data or derived from aquatic ecotoxicity data using the equilibrium partitioning method and soil-water distribution coefficients. Results: Tetracyclines and their TPs were widely detected in both sample types, although concentrations varied according to matrix type and treatment. Overall, sludge showed higher detection frequencies and concentrations than manure. Doxycycline and tetracycline were the predominant parent compounds, reaching concentrations up to 2838 ng g⁻¹ dry weight (dw) in manure and 2892 ng g⁻¹ dw in sludge. Epimerized TPs were frequently detected and sometimes exceeded the concentrations of their parent compounds, especially epitetracycline and epioxytetracycline. Among the sludge types and treatment conditions investigated, anaerobically digested sludge showed the highest tetracycline concentrations, whereas the composted sludge sample presented the lowest concentrations. Individual RQs indicated insignificant to low ecotoxicological risk, whereas cumulative RQ (ΣRQ) values, used as conservative estimates of co-exposure to all evaluated tetracyclines and their TPs, fell within the medium-risk category for bovine manure and anaerobically digested sludge, with the composted sludge sample showing the lowest ΣRQ. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of including TPs in environmental monitoring and the differences in tetracycline occurrence and environmental risk to soil among the processed manure types and sludge treatment conditions investigated. Full article

Plant-derived bioactive peptides are widely investigated for their effects on intestinal epithelial function using Caco-2 cells, with reported antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive and antidiabetic activities. However, this literature remains heterogeneous and has rarely addressed whether the tested material corresponds to the actual bioactive species. This PRISMA-compliant systematic review searched PubMed and Scopus for studies on plant-derived peptides, hydrolysates or digests in Caco-2 cells, identifying 34 eligible studies. The material tested in each study was classified a priori as a purified or synthetic single peptide, an ultrafiltration or chromatographic fraction, a whole hydrolysate or gastrointestinal digest, or an intact parent protein used as a comparator, because these forms do not support equivalent structure–activity inference. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUIN tool, adopted in the absence of an instrument validated for nutritional cell-culture research. For each study, metabolic characterisation of the tested peptide and the physiological relevance of the concentrations used were evaluated. Directionally consistent bioactivity, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive and antidiabetic effects, was observed across most functional domains, although effect magnitude and stress dependence varied considerably. Mass-based concentrations did not uniformly exceed a conservative exploratory luminal benchmark (0.1–1 mg/mL), but upper-range experiments exceeded it by approximately 25-fold in the antioxidant domain, 50-fold in the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic domains, and 500-fold in the viability domain; in vivo confirmation was available for a single identified metabolite (LTFPG). Because the primary studies did not report effect estimates with measures of precision, the synthesis is qualitative, based on vote counting by direction of effect, and no pooled effect sizes, heterogeneity statistics or certainty ratings were derived. Overall, plant-derived peptides show directionally consistent bioactivity in Caco-2 models, but the evidence rarely identifies the responsible molecular species or confirms physiological attainability. Future work should prioritise metabolic characterisation, exposure-justified concentrations, and multi-omics approaches to clarify underlying mechanisms. Full article

California’s Proposition 65 requires warning labels for chemicals associated with carcinogenicity or reproductive toxicity, affecting global cosmetic and fragrance formulations. While safrole has an established safe harbor level (No Significant Risk Level, NSRL) of 3 µg/day, its structural analogues, estragole and methyleugenol, lack specific safe harbor thresholds. To address this data gap using non-animal methodologies, this study evaluated a Next-Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA) workflow combining read-across and in silico modeling. Structural, physicochemical, and skin-permeation profiling supported category homogeneity (Tanimoto Tc ≥ 0.82 and comparable log Kp values) in accordance with OECD and ECHA guidelines. Multi-platform QSAR consensus (ToxTree, Danish QSAR, and VEGA QSAR) indicated that while parent phenylpropenes lack direct bacterial mutagenicity, they share a hepatic bioactivation pathway leading to mammalian clastogenicity and carcinogenicity predictions. Molecular docking with human Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2; PDB: 2H14) identified safrole as the category’s conservative toxicological benchmark, exhibiting the highest binding affinity (−8.026 kcal/mol) and closest proximity to the catalytic HEME iron. Consequently, applying safrole’s 3 µg/day NSRL to estragole and methyleugenol provides a quantitative threshold to evaluate consumer exposure in cosmetic products, ensuring public health protection and regulatory compliance. Full article

Wildfire smoke (WFS) is an expanding source of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) with well-documented cardiopulmonary risks, yet its impact on organismal aging and functional decline remains incompletely understood. Here we use the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to characterize the dose-dependent impacts of simulated WFS PM_2.5 exposure (0.095–1000 µg/mL) on survival and age-associated functional outcomes. Locomotion and morphology were assessed at defined time points in adulthood, after which unexposed progeny of WFS-exposed nematodes were evaluated for identical tests to detect gross intergenerational effects. Parental (P0) worms subjected to a single 24 h WFS exposure exhibited dose-dependent reductions in lifespan at high concentrations and significant impairments in neuromuscular function at lower concentrations. A single P0 WFS exposure was also sufficient to induce deficits in multiple measures of locomotion and morphology, but these readouts were almost entirely resolved in F1 progeny. Additionally, RNA-sequencing on P0 nematodes was used to provide insight into biological processes underlying our in vivo observations, revealing WFS-associated aging-like transcriptomic signatures. Taken together, these results suggest that acute WFS exposure is sufficient to induce age-associated functional decline and establish C. elegans as a scalable, low-cost in vivo platform for quantifying WFS-driven toxicity. Full article

Edible insects are increasingly promoted as alternative foods, but their chemical safety is difficult to assess because hazards may arise throughout the production chain and the regulatory framework remains incomplete. This structured narrative review synthesises current evidence on chemical hazards in edible insects and examines their interpretation within the European Union regulatory framework. The available literature indicates that rearing substrates and production environments are major sources of contamination, particularly for heavy metals, mycotoxins, pesticide residues, veterinary medicinal product residues, and persistent or emerging contaminants. However, transfer into insect biomass is highly species-, life-stage-, and compound-dependent, and metabolism, excretion, or transformation may reduce parent-compound concentrations without eliminating uncertainty regarding metabolites and other transformation products. Processing and storage may further modify the chemical profile through the formation of acrylamide, furan derivatives, lipid-oxidation products, and biogenic amines. Although the EU novel food framework provides product-specific premarket assessment, representative market-occurrence and consumption data remain limited, and generally applicable insect-specific maximum levels for contaminants have not been established, whereas pesticide residues are governed by the horizontal EU MRL framework. Chemical safety assessment should therefore adopt a full-chain, species- and product-specific approach integrating substrate control, contaminant fate, processing, storage, and consumer exposure. Full article

Parent–child interaction frequency may vary during the transition into kindergarten and across activity content, but whether persistent or repeated low-frequency interaction is associated with preschool children’s emotional-behavioral and neurodevelopmental outcomes remains unclear. We examined whether three-wave overall and content-domain trajectories, together with cumulative low-level exposure at the overall, content-domain, and activity levels, were associated with final-follow-up outcomes. Among 526 children enrolled at baseline, 419 completed all three waves. Low exposure was defined as a score below the wave-specific 25th percentile, and adjusted logistic regression models estimated associations. Compared with the persistently normal trajectory, the persistently low overall trajectory was associated with higher odds of abnormal total emotional and behavioral difficulties (aOR = 3.46, 95% CI 1.01–11.86); each additional low-exposure wave was also associated with higher odds (aOR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.02–2.33), with similar findings for conduct problems. Nominal content-domain associations were concentrated in story-reading and environmental interaction trajectories, while nominal activity-level associations involved reading/picture-book viewing, learning about nature/animals/plants, and physical activity. Neurodevelopmental associations were fewer and less stable. By jointly characterizing temporal pattern, repeated low exposure, and activity content, this study illustrates the value of repeated and content-specific assessment alongside a single overall interaction measure. These dimensions may inform assessment in parenting support and early-childhood services, but intervention evidence is required before causal or activity-specific recommendations can be made. Full article

Elevated potentially toxic element (PTE) contents in soils can pose important environmental concerns, particularly in regions where natural metal enrichment associated with ultramafic and mineralized geological settings overlaps with potential anthropogenic inputs. This study evaluates the distribution, enrichment, and probable controls of As, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, Pb, and Zn in 35 geo-referenced soil samples from the Ortaklar region, Türkiye, with the aim of providing a geochemical basis for environmental monitoring and sustainable land management. PTE contents were determined by ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), and their degree of enrichment was evaluated using the geo-accumulation index (I_geo), contamination factor (CF), and pollution load index (PLI), supported by correlation analysis and multivariate statistical approaches. Mean contents decreased in the order Ni (1972 mg kg⁻¹) > Cr (924 mg kg⁻¹) > Cu (290 mg kg⁻¹) > Zn (188 mg kg⁻¹) > Co (122 mg kg⁻¹) > As (15.9 mg kg⁻¹) > Pb (6.8 mg kg⁻¹). Ni exhibited the highest degree of enrichment and was the dominant contributor to the overall PTE load, while Cr, Cu, and Co also showed substantial enrichment. Mean I_geo values indicated moderate to heavy enrichment for Ni (2.65) and As (2.36), and moderate enrichment for Cr (1.45) and Co (1.02). The mean PLI value of 6.99 indicates a substantial cumulative enrichment of PTEs relative to the adopted reference values. Strong associations among Ni, Cr, and Co are consistent with a dominant geogenic contribution from ultramafic/serpentinitic parent materials and their weathering products, whereas the distributions of As, Cu, and Zn suggest more complex controls involving lithology, mineralization, and potentially localized agricultural or other anthropogenic inputs. However, these statistical relationships indicate probable controls rather than definitively establishing elemental sources. The elevated total PTE contents and contamination indices identify the Ortaklar soils as requiring continued geochemical monitoring; nevertheless, they do not constitute direct evidence of human-health risk because metal speciation, mobility, bioavailability, and exposure pathways were not investigated. The findings provide a regional geochemical framework for distinguishing natural PTE enrichment from anthropogenic influences and for guiding future mineralogical, bioavailability, and spatial investigations in ultramafic and mineralized soil environments. Full article

Background: Household poverty may shape physical activity (PA), screen time, and sleep during early childhood, but longitudinal evidence among preschool-aged children remains limited. This study examined longitudinal associations between household poverty status and these movement behaviors over 1 year. Methods: Data from 66 children aged 3–4.9 years were analyzed at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Parents reported sociodemographic characteristics and screen time, with poverty defined using household income and size. ActiGraph accelerometers (GT3X+) were worn for 7 days to estimate MVPA and nighttime sleep. Mixed-effects models examined associations between poverty status and each behavior, adjusting for child age, sex, race, and BMI percentile. Poverty status was assessed at each time point and treated as a time-varying exposure, and Time × Poverty interactions were included to test whether changes differed by poverty status. Results: At baseline, children living at/below the poverty level had higher screen time than children living above the poverty level (8.3 vs. 3.2 h/day, p < 0.05), and this descriptive difference remained at follow-up (7.0 vs. 3.1 h/day; p < 0.05). In adjusted linear mixed-effects models, children living at/below the poverty level had 2.8 additional hours/day of screen time at baseline (β = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.19–4.49, p = 0.001). The Time × Poverty interaction for screen time was not statistically significant (p = 0.64), suggesting no detectable difference in changes over time by poverty status. Poverty status was not significantly associated with MVPA or nighttime sleep, and their interactions with time were also not significant. Conclusion: Screen time was the only movement behavior independently associated with household poverty in this cohort. The non-significant findings for MVPA and nighttime sleep should be interpreted cautiously because of a small poverty subgroup and limited precision. Future studies should examine factors contributing to elevated screen use and evaluate strategies to reduce screen exposure among children from low-income households. Full article

The development of religiosity originates in earlier phases of the family and individual life course, yet few studies have investigated how early exposure to parental religiosity persists into mid- and later life. This investigation uses multigenerational data from 385 baby boom children, ages 16–26, and their parents in 1971, following children’s religious orientations into midlife and old age. Guided by intergenerational transmission and path dependency perspectives, we find that parents’ religious intensity in 1971 strengthened their children’s cognitive and behavioral religiosity in later life, mediated by children’s early and midlife religiosity. Results demonstrate intergenerational transmission followed by durability in religious beliefs and practices across decades of temporal stability. These findings suggest that parental influence creates cumulative religious momentum that carries from young adulthood through old age. Full article