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17 pages, 3794 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Effect of In2O3-rGO Hybrid Composites for Electrochemical Applications
by Alina Matei, Cosmin Obreja, Cosmin Romaniţan, Oana Brîncoveanu, Marius Stoian and Vasilica Țucureanu
Coatings 2025, 15(8), 958; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15080958 (registering DOI) - 16 Aug 2025
Abstract
In the present paper, the interaction between metal oxide nanoparticles and carbon materials was studied, and the results showed a synergetic effect, leading to an improvement in the properties of the obtained hybrid composites. The In2O3 NPs were prepared by [...] Read more.
In the present paper, the interaction between metal oxide nanoparticles and carbon materials was studied, and the results showed a synergetic effect, leading to an improvement in the properties of the obtained hybrid composites. The In2O3 NPs were prepared by the precipitation method and thermal treatment at 550 °C. The composites were obtained using an ex situ method, by mixing the In2O3 NPs with reduced oxide graphene (rGO) in a ratio of 10:1. The structural, morphological, and chemical composition studies of the In2O3 NPs and In2O3-rGO composites were investigates by FTIR and EDX spectroscopy, SEM microscopy, and XRD analysis. These techniques have highlighted the obtaining of In2O3 of high purity, and crystallinity, with the mean particle size in the range of 8–25 nm, but also, the dispersion of In2O3 NPs onto rGO sheets. We examined the influence of the In2O3 nanostructure morphology and In2O3-rGO composites on the electrochemical properties using cyclic voltammetry. The surface properties of the In2O3 and composite films were studied by contact angles, which indicate the maintenance of the hydrophilic nature. The obtained results establish the synergy between the main components to form In2O3-rGO, which can be used for the development of biosensors to enhance the device performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Coatings: Adapting to the Future)
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13 pages, 1737 KiB  
Article
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Salmonella via Immunomagnetic Separation and Nanoparticle-Enhanced SPR
by Fengzhu Liang, Yuzhen Li, Yan Cui and Jianhua Zhang
Microorganisms 2025, 13(8), 1914; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081914 (registering DOI) - 16 Aug 2025
Abstract
The widespread prevalence of Salmonella underscores the urgent need for rapid, sensitive, and reliable detection methods to ensure food safety and protection of public health. In this study, we successfully developed an integrated detection system that combines immunomagnetic separation with surface plasmon resonance [...] Read more.
The widespread prevalence of Salmonella underscores the urgent need for rapid, sensitive, and reliable detection methods to ensure food safety and protection of public health. In this study, we successfully developed an integrated detection system that combines immunomagnetic separation with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. This system achieved high capture efficiencies, exceeding 96.04% in phosphate-buffered saline and over 91.66% in milk samples artificially spiked with S. Typhimurium at concentrations below 4.2 × 104 CFU/mL. However, direct SPR detection of the isolated S. Typhimurium showed limited sensitivity, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.2 × 107 CFU/mL. Incorporating a sandwich assay with antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles significantly enhanced sensitivity, lowering the LOD by six orders of magnitude to 4.2 × 101 CFU/mL. The whole integrated process, integrating immunomagnetic separation with SPR analysis, was completed within 50 min. These results demonstrate that this AuNP-enhanced SPR platform offers both the rapidity and sensitivity essential for effective monitoring of food safety and traceability in Salmonella-related foodborne outbreaks, particularly in products such as milk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Salmonella and Food Safety)
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21 pages, 2771 KiB  
Review
Understanding Salt Stress in Watermelon: Impacts on Plant Performance, Adaptive Solutions, and Future Prospects
by Sukhmanjot Kaur, Milena Maria Tomaz de Oliveira and Amita Kaundal
Int. J. Plant Biol. 2025, 16(3), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb16030093 (registering DOI) - 16 Aug 2025
Abstract
Soil salinity stress, intensified by extreme weather patterns, significantly threatens global watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] production. Watermelon, a moderately salt-sensitive crop, exhibits reduced germination, stunted growth, and impaired fruit yield and quality under saline conditions. As freshwater resources decline [...] Read more.
Soil salinity stress, intensified by extreme weather patterns, significantly threatens global watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] production. Watermelon, a moderately salt-sensitive crop, exhibits reduced germination, stunted growth, and impaired fruit yield and quality under saline conditions. As freshwater resources decline and agriculture’s dependency on irrigation leads to soil salinization, we need sustainable mitigation strategies for food security. Recent advances highlight the potential of using salt-tolerant rootstocks and breeding salt-resistant watermelon varieties as long-term genetic solutions for salinity. Conversely, agronomic interventions such as drip irrigation and soil amendments provide practical, short-term strategies to mitigate the impact of salt stress. Biostimulants represent another tool that imparts salinity tolerance in watermelon. Plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPMs) have emerged as promising biological tools to enhance watermelon tolerance to salt stress. PGPMs are an emerging tool for mitigating salinity stress; however, their potential in watermelon has not been fully explored. Nanobiochar and nanoparticles are another unexplored tool for addressing salinity stress. This review highlights the intricate relationship between soil salinity and watermelon production in a unique manner. It explores the various mitigation strategies, emphasizing the potential of PGPM as eco-friendly bio-inoculants for sustainable watermelon management in salt-affected soils. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Response to Stresses)
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14 pages, 1306 KiB  
Review
Gold Nanoparticles as Targeted Drug Delivery Systems for Liver Cancer: A Systematic Review of Tumor Targeting Efficiency and Toxicity Profiles
by Meda Cosma, Teodora Mocan, Cristian Delcea, Teodora Pop, Ofelia Mosteanu and Lucian Mocan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(16), 7917; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26167917 (registering DOI) - 16 Aug 2025
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) ranks as the fifth most prevalent form of cancer among humans and is a significant contributor to cancer-related deaths. During the latest year, an interesting scientific fascination arose around gold nanoparticles (AUNPs) following the recovery of their remarkable properties. Some [...] Read more.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) ranks as the fifth most prevalent form of cancer among humans and is a significant contributor to cancer-related deaths. During the latest year, an interesting scientific fascination arose around gold nanoparticles (AUNPs) following the recovery of their remarkable properties. Some studies suggest that AUNPs can enhance drug targeting in cancer treatment and reduce its toxicity. The major purpose of this paper is to systematically review the effectiveness, safety, and prospective mechanism of gold nanoparticles in delivering drugs for liver cancer treatment. Comprehensive research was conducted using major scientific databases (i.e., PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) to identify studies focusing on AUNPs in drug delivery systems. We mainly focused on studies that specifically analyzed liver cancer. The current results of the systematic review show that the application of gold nanoparticles (AUNPs) in liver cancer drug delivery enhances drug targeting to liver tumors. This efficient factor improves the bioavailability and elevates the therapeutic index of chemotherapeutic agents in treatment. This systematic review highlights the significant potential of AUNPs to increase the delivery of drugs for liver cancer treatment effectively. The major findings indicate that AUNPs improve the targeting and bioavailability of chemotherapeutic agents, enhancing therapeutic outcomes such as tumor suppression and improved survival rates. While the results of this review are encouraging; however, further research is necessary to ensure the safety and efficacy of AUNPs in clinical settings. Human trials must address concerns regarding long-term toxicity and regulatory approval. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Recent Advances in Anticancer Strategies, 2nd Edition)
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50 pages, 5154 KiB  
Review
Applications of Tailored Mesoporous Silicate Nanomaterials in Regenerative Medicine and Theranostics
by Jean Fotie
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(16), 7918; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26167918 (registering DOI) - 16 Aug 2025
Abstract
Tailored mesoporous silicate nanomaterials have attracted significant interest due to their exceptional surface properties, including high interfacial toughness, tunable thickness, customizable topology, optical transparency, and adjustable hydrophobicity. These characteristics enable them to exhibit a wide range of functional behaviors, such as antibacterial, anti-fouling, [...] Read more.
Tailored mesoporous silicate nanomaterials have attracted significant interest due to their exceptional surface properties, including high interfacial toughness, tunable thickness, customizable topology, optical transparency, and adjustable hydrophobicity. These characteristics enable them to exhibit a wide range of functional behaviors, such as antibacterial, anti-fouling, anti-fogging, lubricating, and abrasion-resistant properties, to name just a few. With recent advances in surface-modified nanosystems for bioengineering and biomedical applications, silica-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates owing to their ease of surface functionalization, bioactivity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioavailability. Consequently, they have been widely explored in various therapeutic contexts. This review provides a concise and concentrated summary of recent advances and applications of tailored mesoporous silicate nanomaterials in regenerative medicine and theranostics, with the primary focus being on how endogenous or exogenous triggers can be leveraged to achieve selective and precise delivery of various biomolecules and active therapeutics across diverse cellular environments, by harnessing the intrinsic properties of mesoporous silicate nanoparticles. This focus also guided the selection of specific examples provided to highlight their wide range of applications, with the report concluding with some perspectives and remaining challenges. Full article
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19 pages, 3683 KiB  
Article
Electrophoretic Deposition of Gold Nanoparticles on Highly Ordered Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes for Photocatalytic Application
by Halima Benghanoum, Lotfi Khezami, Rabia Benabderrahmane Zaghouani, Syrine Sassi, Ahlem Guesmi, Amal Bouich, Bernabé Mari Soucase and Anouar Hajjaji
Catalysts 2025, 15(8), 781; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15080781 (registering DOI) - 16 Aug 2025
Abstract
This work focused on the photocatalytic performance enhancement of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes decorated by gold nanoparticles. The surface of the nanotubes synthesized using the anodization technique was modified with subsequent deposition of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) via electrophoretic deposition. The impact [...] Read more.
This work focused on the photocatalytic performance enhancement of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes decorated by gold nanoparticles. The surface of the nanotubes synthesized using the anodization technique was modified with subsequent deposition of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) via electrophoretic deposition. The impact of electrophoretically deposited gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) on TiO2 nanotubes, with varying deposition times (5 min, 8 min and 12 min), was investigated in the degradation of amido black (AB) dye. The morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM, TESCAN VEGA3, TESCAN Orsay Holding, Brno, Czech Republic) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM—100CX2, JEOL Japan). revealed a well-organized nanotubular structure of TiO2, with a wall thickness of 25 nm and an internal diameter of 75 nm. Optical study, including photoluminescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, provided evidence of charge transfer between the Au-NPs and the TiO2-NTs. Furthermore, the photocatalytic measurements showed that the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the TiO2-NTs resulted from successful Au deposition onto their surface, surpassing that of the pure sample. This improvement is attributed to the higher work function of gold nanoparticles, which effectively promoted the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. The sample Au-NPs/TiO2-NTs with a deposition time of 5 min exhibited the best photocatalytic efficiency, achieving an 85% degradation rate after 270 min under UV irradiation. Moreover, the enhancement obtained was also attributed to the plasmonic effect induced by Au-NPs. Kinetic investigations revealed that the photocatalytic reaction followed apparent first-order kinetics, highlighting the efficiency of Au-NPs/TiO2-NTs as a photocatalyst for dye degradation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalysis towards a Sustainable Future)
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25 pages, 2734 KiB  
Article
Nanoextract of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Enhances Salt Stress Tolerance in Hydroponically Grown Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese
by Edris Shabani, Fardin Ghanbari, Afsaneh Azizi, Elham Helalipour and Matteo Caser
Horticulturae 2025, 11(8), 970; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11080970 (registering DOI) - 16 Aug 2025
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of Zataria multiflora Bioss. extract and nanoextract on morphophysiological and phytochemical indices, yield, and essential oil compositions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese) under salinity stress (0, 25, 50, and 100 mM NaCl), an experiment [...] Read more.
In order to investigate the effect of Zataria multiflora Bioss. extract and nanoextract on morphophysiological and phytochemical indices, yield, and essential oil compositions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese) under salinity stress (0, 25, 50, and 100 mM NaCl), an experiment was conducted as a split-plot design in a basic block with complete randomization and three replications. In the treatment without salinity, nanoextract increased the shoot fresh weight by 34.28%, and regular extract increased it by 8.35% compared to the 0 NaCl without extract. In the treatment without salinity stress, nanoextract decreased the Na content by 17%, and regular extract decreased it by 5%; nanoextract increased the K content by 22.93%, and regular extract increased it by 9.05% compared to the 0 NaCl without extract, respectively. In all salinity concentrations applied, nanoextract showed lower sodium accumulation and higher potassium accumulation rate than regular extract and treatment without extract at the same salinity concentration. The highest total phenols were observed in the 100 mM salinity treatment in both nanoextract and regular extract of Z. multiflora, followed by the 50 mM salinity treatment—nano extract, with 12.33, 11.17, and 10.01 mg GA g−1 FW, respectively. In the non-saline stress treatment, nanoextract increased the proline content by 125%, and regular extract increased it by 79.16% compared to the 0 NaCl without extract. In the treatment without salinity stress, the nano extract increased the level of PAL enzyme by 16.66% and the regular extract by 8.33% compared to the 0 NaCl without extract. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the 100 mM salinity treatment in both nano extract and regular extract of Z. multiflora, followed by the 50 mM salinity treatment and nano extract with 31.86, 30.60, and 28.21%, respectively. In this study, the results of essential oil analysis indicated the identification of 39 compounds in which linalool, eugenol, carotenoid, methyl chavicol, A-Humulene, and menthol were identified as the main compounds. Among all treatments, Z. multiflora nanoextract, while moderating the effects of stress, showed the highest efficiency in improving the morphophysiological and biochemical traits and essential oil content and secondary metabolites of O. basilicum L. var. Genovese. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Horticulturae—Recent Outcomes and Perspectives)
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29 pages, 7116 KiB  
Review
Advancements in Tumor-Targeted Nanoparticles: Design Strategies and Multifunctional Therapeutic Approaches
by Mengya Li, Shengxi Zhou, Yan Zhang, Jingan Li and Kun Zhang
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(16), 1262; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15161262 - 15 Aug 2025
Abstract
Cancer treatment faces significant challenges due to drug resistance, non-specific toxicity, and limited penetration of therapeutic agents. Here, we discuss the latest advancements in the design and application of tumor-targeted nanoparticles, focusing on polymer-based, biomimetic, and inorganic nanocarriers, as well as innovative surface [...] Read more.
Cancer treatment faces significant challenges due to drug resistance, non-specific toxicity, and limited penetration of therapeutic agents. Here, we discuss the latest advancements in the design and application of tumor-targeted nanoparticles, focusing on polymer-based, biomimetic, and inorganic nanocarriers, as well as innovative surface modification strategies, to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment, including the co-delivery of chemotherapeutic agents with biologicals or photo/sonosensitizers for synergistic therapeutic effects. This review not only highlights the current importance of nanoparticle design and application for tumor targeting but also provides insights into future directions for more effective cancer therapies. By integrating advanced material science with biology, these strategies hold the potential to transform the landscape of cancer treatment, offering hope for improved patient outcomes and personalized therapeutic approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Nanoparticles: Focus on Sensors and Bio-Applications)
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14 pages, 2453 KiB  
Article
Robust Mesoporous SiO2-Coated TiO2 Colloidal Nanocrystal with Enhanced Adsorption, Stability, and Adhesion for Photocatalytic Antibacterial and Benzene Removal
by Nan Xiao, Aijia Zhang, Kunjie Yuan and Wenbin Cao
Materials 2025, 18(16), 3844; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18163844 - 15 Aug 2025
Abstract
The utility of nanostructured TiO2 in the degradation of organic compounds and the disinfection of pathogenic microorganisms represents an important endeavor in photocatalysis. However, the low photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 remains challenging. Herein, we report a robust photocatalytic route to benzene [...] Read more.
The utility of nanostructured TiO2 in the degradation of organic compounds and the disinfection of pathogenic microorganisms represents an important endeavor in photocatalysis. However, the low photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 remains challenging. Herein, we report a robust photocatalytic route to benzene removal rendered by enhancing its adsorption capacity via rationally designed mesoporous SiO2-coated TiO2 colloids. Specifically, amorphous, mesoporous SiO2-coated TiO2 nanoparticles (denoted T@S NPs) are produced via a precipitation-gel-hydrothermal approach, possessing an increased specific surface area over pristine TiO2 NPs for improved adsorption of benzene. Notably, under UV irradiation, the degradation rate of benzene by T@S NPs reaches 89% within 30 min, representing a 3.1-fold increase over that achieved by pristine TiO2. Moreover, a 99.5% degradation rate within 60 min is achieved and maintains a stable photocatalytic activity over five cycles. Surface coating of TiO2 with amorphous SiO2 imparts the T@S composite NPs nearly neutral characteristic due to the formation of Ti-O-Si bonds, while manifesting enhanced light harvesting, excellent stability, adhesion, and photocatalytic bacteriostatic effects. Our study underscores the potential of T@S composites for practical applications in photocatalysis over pristine counterparts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phase Change Materials (PCM) for Thermal Energy Storage)
15 pages, 2695 KiB  
Article
Acoustic Wave Propagation Behaviors and Energy Loss Mechanisms in Agar Gels with Small Particles
by Yuqi Jin, Teng Yang and Yunlong Qi
Polymers 2025, 17(16), 2226; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17162226 - 15 Aug 2025
Abstract
Soft organic gels are commonly used as tissue phantoms for experiments. In the mimic ultrasound imaging field, researchers are developing approaches to modify the acoustic properties of the gels. Introducing oil liquids and hard solid particles are two common methods to tune acoustic [...] Read more.
Soft organic gels are commonly used as tissue phantoms for experiments. In the mimic ultrasound imaging field, researchers are developing approaches to modify the acoustic properties of the gels. Introducing oil liquids and hard solid particles are two common methods to tune acoustic and mechanical properties of the soft gels. In this work, the acoustic wave energy loss mechanisms were studied in detail on Agar gel with both micro-Graphite and nano-Alumina particles. Via experimental measurements, the results show that the effective acoustic energy loss is comparable in these two recipes. However, temporal pulse elongation and scattering behaviors were distinguishable. To understand the sound attenuation mechanism in detail, numerical simulations in controlled conditions were conducted, from wavelengths longer than the particle diameter to wavelengths shorter than particles, and we compared perfect bonding and insufficient bonding between the hard particles surrounding gels. Comparing the experimental observations and numerical simulation results, the Agar gel with nano-Alumina presents stronger dispersion-induced energy loss than the Agar gel with micro-Graphite. On the contrary, the Agar gel with micro-Graphite shows more significant scattering-induced destructive interferences than the Agar gel with nano-Alumina. Full article
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19 pages, 4007 KiB  
Article
Tannic Acid-Enhanced Gelatin-Based Composite Hydrogel as a Candidate for Canine Periodontal Regeneration
by Laura C. Pinho, Marta Ferreira, Angélica Graça, Joana Marto, Bruno Colaço, Maria Helena Fernandes and Catarina Santos
Gels 2025, 11(8), 650; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080650 - 15 Aug 2025
Abstract
Periodontal disease in dogs leads to progressive bone loss and adversely impacts overall health. However, cost-effective regenerative strategies are still limited in veterinary practice. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel tannic acid (TA)–gelatin-based hydrogel (Gel), incorporating graphene oxide (GO) and [...] Read more.
Periodontal disease in dogs leads to progressive bone loss and adversely impacts overall health. However, cost-effective regenerative strategies are still limited in veterinary practice. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel tannic acid (TA)–gelatin-based hydrogel (Gel), incorporating graphene oxide (GO) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA), as a potential barrier material for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) applications. The hydrogels—Gel, Gel-GO, Gel-HA, and Gel-GO-HA—were characterized for chemical structure, molecular interactions, surface morphology, nanoparticle dispersion, and tensile strength. Cytotoxicity was assessed using L929 fibroblasts (ISO 10993-5), while cell viability/proliferation, morphology, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production were evaluated using canine periodontal ligament-derived cells. Results show that crosslinking with tannic acid enhanced the incorporation of graphene oxide and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles via hydrogen bonding into TA–gelatin-based hydrogels. This combination increased surface roughness, reduced degradation rate, and enabled shape memory behavior, critical for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes. The extracts from Gel-HA-GO showed that cytotoxicity was both time- and concentration-dependent in L929 fibroblasts, whereas enhanced cell proliferation and increased ALP production were observed in cultures derived from canine periodontal ligament cells. These findings suggest that TA–gelatin-based hydrogels incorporating GO and HA demonstrated favorable mechanical and physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and osteogenic potential. These attributes suggest their viability as a promising composite for the development of innovative GTR strategies to address periodontal tissue loss in veterinary medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Properties and Structure of Hydrogel-Related Materials (2nd Edition))
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16 pages, 2449 KiB  
Article
Enzyme-Free Monitoring of Glucose Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Gold Nanoparticles
by Ana Rita Aires Cardoso, Pedro Miguel Cândido Barquinha and Maria Goreti Ferreira Sales
Biosensors 2025, 15(8), 537; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080537 - 15 Aug 2025
Abstract
This work describes a non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose biosensor combining for the first time molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for glucose concentration and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPEs), where both MIPs and AuNPs were assembled in situ. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was [...] Read more.
This work describes a non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose biosensor combining for the first time molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for glucose concentration and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPEs), where both MIPs and AuNPs were assembled in situ. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate the analytical performance of the sensor, which has a linear range between 1.0 µM and 1.0 mM when standard solutions are prepared in buffer. Direct measurement of glucose was performed by chronoamperometry, measuring the oxidation current generated during direct glucose oxidation. The selectivity was tested against ascorbic acid and the results confirmed a selective discrimination of the electrode for glucose. Overall, the work presented here represents a promising tool for tracking glucose levels in serum. The use of glucose MIP on the electrode surface allows the concentration of glucose, resulting in lower detection limits, and the use of AuNPs reduces the potential required for the oxidation of glucose, which increases selectivity. In addition, this possible combination of two analytical measurements following different theoretical concepts can contribute to the accuracy of the analytical measurements. This combination can also be extended to other biomolecules that can be electrochemically oxidised at lower potentials. Full article
29 pages, 4074 KiB  
Review
A Review of Novel Die Attach Materials for High-Temperature WBG Power Electronic Applications
by Na Wu and Yuxiang Li
Materials 2025, 18(16), 3841; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18163841 - 15 Aug 2025
Abstract
Third-generation wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductor power electronics exhibit excellent workability, but high-temperature packaging technology limits their applications. TLP, TLPS, and nanoparticle sintering have the potential to achieve a high-temperature-resistant joint at a lower bonding temperature. However, a long bonding time, voids in the joint, [...] Read more.
Third-generation wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductor power electronics exhibit excellent workability, but high-temperature packaging technology limits their applications. TLP, TLPS, and nanoparticle sintering have the potential to achieve a high-temperature-resistant joint at a lower bonding temperature. However, a long bonding time, voids in the joint, powder oxidation, and organic solvent residues impede their application. A novel interlayer and other approaches have been proposed, such as preformed Sn-coated Cu foam (CF@Sn), a Cu-Sn nanocomposite interlayer, self-reducible Cu nanoparticle paste, bimodal-sized Cu nanoparticle pastes, organic-free nanoparticle films, and high-thermal-conductivity and low-CTE composite paste. Their preparation, bonding processes, and joint properties are compared in this paper. Full article
44 pages, 1546 KiB  
Review
Metal–Organic-Framework-Based Optical Biosensors: Recent Advances in Pathogen Detection and Environmental Monitoring
by Alemayehu Kidanemariam and Sungbo Cho
Sensors 2025, 25(16), 5081; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25165081 - 15 Aug 2025
Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as highly versatile materials for the development of next-generation optical biosensors owing to their tunable porosity, large surface area, and customizable chemical functionality. Recently, MOF-based platforms have shown substantial potential in various optical transduction modalities, including fluorescence, luminescence, [...] Read more.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as highly versatile materials for the development of next-generation optical biosensors owing to their tunable porosity, large surface area, and customizable chemical functionality. Recently, MOF-based platforms have shown substantial potential in various optical transduction modalities, including fluorescence, luminescence, and colorimetric sensing, enabling the highly sensitive and selective detection of biological analytes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in MOF-based optical biosensors, focusing on their applications in pathogen detection and environmental monitoring. We highlight key design strategies, including MOF functionalization, hybridization with nanoparticles or dyes, and integration into microfluidic and wearable devices. Emerging methods, such as point-of-care diagnostics, label-free detection, and real-time monitoring, are also discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future directions for the practical deployment of MOF-based optical biosensors in clinical and field environments are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Biosensors Section 2025)
20 pages, 26505 KiB  
Article
Advanced Electrospun Chitosan-(Polylactic Acid)-(Silver Nanoparticle)-Based Scaffolds for Facilitated Healing of Purulent Wounds: A Preclinical Investigation
by Yevhen Samokhin, Yuliia Varava, Anna Butsyk, Roman Moskalenko, Yevheniia Husak, Bohdan Dryhval, Valeriia Korniienko, Ihor Zhyvotovskyi, Vyacheslav Kukurika, Artem Shmatkov, Agne Ramanaviciute, Rafal Banasiuk, Maksym Pogorielov, Arunas Ramanavicius and Viktoriia Korniienko
Polymers 2025, 17(16), 2225; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17162225 - 15 Aug 2025
Abstract
Biomaterials modified by antibacterial substances, including nanoparticles, open new opportunities for the effective treatment of infected wounds. Unfortunately, most publications focused only on experiments in vitro, with limited understanding of their potential for the clinic. This study evaluates the effectiveness in vivo of [...] Read more.
Biomaterials modified by antibacterial substances, including nanoparticles, open new opportunities for the effective treatment of infected wounds. Unfortunately, most publications focused only on experiments in vitro, with limited understanding of their potential for the clinic. This study evaluates the effectiveness in vivo of electrospun chitosan/polylactic acid (Ch/PLA) membranes enriched with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for purulent wound treatment. The composite biomaterial integrates chitosan’s biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity with PLA’s structural integrity, while AgNPs enhance antibacterial efficacy against major wound pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia aureus. A full-thickness purulent wound model was established in a rat model, and the animals were divided into three treatment groups: (i) Ch/PLA, (ii) Ch/PLA-AgNPs, and (iii) PLA-chlorhexidine (control). Wound healing was monitored over 21 days through macroscopic evaluation, histology, immunohistochemistry, and microbiological analysis. The Ch/PLA-AgNPs membranes significantly reduced bacterial colonization within 4–6 days, promoted granulation tissue formation, and accelerated epithelialization compared to the non-modified Ch/PLA scaffold. By day 15, complete wound closure was observed in the Ch/PLA-AgNPs group, comparable to PLA-chlorhexidine-treated wounds. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a controlled inflammatory response with a balanced macrophage M1/M2 transition, supporting efficient tissue regeneration. Furthermore, systemic toxicity assessments indicated no significant adverse effects on internal organs. These findings demonstrate that electrospun Ch/PLA-AgNPs membranes effectively accelerate purulent wound healing by combining antimicrobial protection with biocompatible tissue support. This innovative approach presents a promising alternative to conventional wound dressings and paves the way for clinical applications in managing infected wounds. Full article
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