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Keywords = multiplexing metalens

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14 pages, 10565 KiB  
Article
Dual-Wavelength Polarization Multifunction Metalens Based on Spatial Multiplexing
by Xiangshuo Shang, Haiyang Huang, Yi Zhou, Jiaheng Gong, Yang Liu and Wei Li
Photonics 2025, 12(1), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12010061 - 12 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3038
Abstract
Technological advancements have enabled the active control of electromagnetic waves. Metalenses, known for their precision in wavefront shaping and functional versatility, represent a breakthrough in optical modulation. This study addresses the challenge of achieving dual-wavelength multifunctionality in metalens design. We developed and experimentally [...] Read more.
Technological advancements have enabled the active control of electromagnetic waves. Metalenses, known for their precision in wavefront shaping and functional versatility, represent a breakthrough in optical modulation. This study addresses the challenge of achieving dual-wavelength multifunctionality in metalens design. We developed and experimentally validated metalenses with polarization dual-function multiplexing at discrete mid-wave infrared wavelengths, demonstrating high phase fidelity and functional versatility. In addition, the proposed design method was extended to long-wave infrared wavelengths, showcasing its adaptability to different application scenarios. The application of spatial multiplexing significantly enhanced the performance of the metalenses, providing a promising solution for efficient and compact optoelectronic devices. Full article
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15 pages, 5280 KiB  
Article
Visible Light Broadband Achromatic Metalens Based on Variable Height Nanopillar Structures
by Yongyang Li, Haiyang Huang, Cong Zhang, Xiangshuo Shang, Yang Liu, Junyan Hu, Dengyu Shan, Naiyun Tang and Wei Li
Photonics 2025, 12(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12010031 - 2 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1451
Abstract
Metalenses have excellent modulation capabilities in terms of phase, amplitude, and polarization of light, significantly reducing the size and complexity of imaging systems, and showing great application prospects. However, like traditional optical meta-atoms, ordinary metalenses suffer from a significant chromatic aberration problem because [...] Read more.
Metalenses have excellent modulation capabilities in terms of phase, amplitude, and polarization of light, significantly reducing the size and complexity of imaging systems, and showing great application prospects. However, like traditional optical meta-atoms, ordinary metalenses suffer from a significant chromatic aberration problem because it is difficult to design the phase distribution for different wavelengths on a single-layer metalens. To address this, various methods for correcting chromatic aberration in metalenses have been proposed and demonstrated, such as spatial multiplexing, material hybridization, and increasing the cross-sectional diversity of metalens meta-atoms. In this paper, a novel design method is used, which expands the parameter space by increasing the cross-sectional diversity of the metalens meta-atoms to provide the phase required for focusing different wavelengths, combined with particle swarm optimization for phase compensation. The multi-level metalens designed by this method achieves a constant and approximate focal length in the visible wavelength range of λ = 450–650 nm, with a polarization-independent absolute focusing efficiency of about 17%, and a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.31 for a lens diameter of 100 μm. This improves the imaging quality. Full article
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9 pages, 1732 KiB  
Article
Broadband Spin-Selective Wavefront Manipulations with Generalized Pancharatnam–Berry Phase Metasurface
by Shiming Gan, Tianci Zhao, Xiuzhuang Mei, Tingting Zhang, Zhiqi Wang, Hongyu Gao, Gensen Yang, Jixiang Cai and Fuzhong Bai
Photonics 2024, 11(8), 690; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11080690 - 24 Jul 2024
Viewed by 962
Abstract
Metasurfaces can flexibly manipulate electromagnetic waves by engineering subwavelength structures, which have attracted enormous attention in holography, cloaking, and functional multiplexing. For structures with n-fold (n > 2) rotational symmetry, they have been utilized to realize broadband and high-efficiency wavefront manipulation [...] Read more.
Metasurfaces can flexibly manipulate electromagnetic waves by engineering subwavelength structures, which have attracted enormous attention in holography, cloaking, and functional multiplexing. For structures with n-fold (n > 2) rotational symmetry, they have been utilized to realize broadband and high-efficiency wavefront manipulation with generalized Pancharatnam–Berry phase, whereas spin-selective wavefront manipulation is still a challenge limited by their symmetrical spin–orbit interactions. Here, we demonstrate the spin-selective wavefront manipulations with generalized Pancharatnam–Berry phase in the range of 560–660 nm with a metal–insulator–metal metasurface consisting of the chiral C3 logarithmic spiral nanostructures. As a proof of concept, two deflectors and a bifocal metalens are designed. This configuration may provide a platform for various applications in polarimetry, polarization-selective images, and nonlinear optical responses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multifunctional Metasurfaces: Design Strategies and Applications)
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15 pages, 13150 KiB  
Article
Polarization-Insensitive Transmissive Metasurfaces Using Pancharatnam–Berry and Resonant Phases in Microwave Band
by Ling Wang, Yang Yang, Feng Gao, Shuhua Teng, Jinggui Zhang, Li Deng, Weijun Hong and Zhuofang Li
Sensors 2023, 23(23), 9413; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239413 - 26 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1737
Abstract
Most of the existing metasurfaces are effective for the incident wave with the specific circularly polarized (CP) or linearly polarized (LP) state, that is the polarization-sensitive metasurface. This drawback dramatically hinders the practical use of the metasurface. Herein, this paper presents a strategy [...] Read more.
Most of the existing metasurfaces are effective for the incident wave with the specific circularly polarized (CP) or linearly polarized (LP) state, that is the polarization-sensitive metasurface. This drawback dramatically hinders the practical use of the metasurface. Herein, this paper presents a strategy of polarization-insensitive transmissive microwave metasurfaces to manipulate the incident wave with arbitrary CP and LP states. The metasurface consists of polarization-insensitive unit cells. For the left circularly polarized (LCP) and right circularly polarized (RCP) incident waves, the same abrupt phase covering 0° to 360° can be realized by combining the Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) and resonant phases. As the arbitrary LP wave can decompose into the LCP and RCP waves, metasurfaces consisting of designed unit cells are valid for any polarization states. The polarization-insensitive transmissive microwave metalens and orbital angular momentum multiplexing metasurface working at 23 GHz are devised for verification. Simulation and measurement results verify the availability of the approach. The proposed method is suitable for designing microwave-transmissive metasurfaces capable of polarization insensitivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
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16 pages, 18183 KiB  
Article
Dual-Functional Tunable Metasurface for Meta-Axicon with a Variable Depth of Focus and Continuous-Zoom Metalens
by Chang Wang, Yan Sun, Zeqing Yu, Xinyu Liu, Bingliang Chen, Yang Zhang and Zhenrong Zheng
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(18), 2530; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13182530 - 10 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2570
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces have been widely investigated for their versatile ability to manipulate wavefront and miniaturize traditional optical components into ultrathin planar devices. The integration of metasurfaces with multifunctionality and tunability has fundamentally transformed optics with unprecedented control over light propagation and manipulation. This [...] Read more.
Optical metasurfaces have been widely investigated for their versatile ability to manipulate wavefront and miniaturize traditional optical components into ultrathin planar devices. The integration of metasurfaces with multifunctionality and tunability has fundamentally transformed optics with unprecedented control over light propagation and manipulation. This study introduces a pioneering framework for the development of tunable metasurfaces with multifunctionality, and an example of a tunable metasurface of dual functionalities is proposed and numerically verified as one of the tunable meta-axicon for generating Bessel beams with a variable depth of focus (DOF) and a continuous-zoom metalens. Specifically, this design achieves dual-functional phase modulation by helicity-multiplexing from the combination of the geometric phase as well as the propagation phase and realizes tunability for both functionalities through rotational actuation between double metasurface layers. As a result, dual functionalities with continuous tunability of the proposed TiO2 metasurface are enabled independently for the left and right circularly polarized (LCP and RCP) incidences at 532 nm. Specifically, LCP light triggers the metasurface to function as a tunable axicon, generating non-diffracting Bessel beams with variable numerical apertures (NA) and DOFs. Conversely, the RCP incidence induces it to operate as a continuous-zoom metalens and generates variable spherical wavefront focusing on diverse focal lengths. This study not only initially implements the design of tunable meta-axicon, but also achieves the integration of such a tunable meta-axicon and continuous-zoom metalens within a single metasurface configuration. The proposed device could find potential applications in biological imaging, microscopic measurement, laser fabrication, optical manipulation, multi-plane imaging, depth estimation, optical data storage, etc. Full article
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12 pages, 2682 KiB  
Article
Reconstructing Polarization Multiplexing Terahertz Holographic Images with Transmissive Metasurface
by Xiaosai Wang, Jinlei Wu, Ruoxing Wang, Li Li and Yongyuan Jiang
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2528; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042528 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4078
Abstract
There is a growing trend towards the development of high resolution and multiplexing metasurface holograms. In this paper, we propose the reconstruction of polarization multiplexing terahertz (THz) holographic images based on transmissive metasurface. The metasurface composed of all-dielectric meta-atoms is designed as a [...] Read more.
There is a growing trend towards the development of high resolution and multiplexing metasurface holograms. In this paper, we propose the reconstruction of polarization multiplexing terahertz (THz) holographic images based on transmissive metasurface. The metasurface composed of all-dielectric meta-atoms is designed as a multi-foci metalens and the focal points of the metalens are utilized as the pixels of a reconstructed image. We analyze the effects of focal length and phase pixel number of the metalens on focal point to achieve high-resolution holographic images. In addition, by switching the polarization of incident lights, holographic images with different patterns are reconstructed on its focal plane. Such high-resolution and polarization multiplexing metasurface holograms is promising for applications in THz communications, information engineering, and encryption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holographic Technologies: Theory and Practice)
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13 pages, 2752 KiB  
Article
Broadband Achromatic Metalens in the Visible Light Spectrum Based on Fresnel Zone Spatial Multiplexing
by Ruixue Shi, Shuling Hu, Chuanqi Sun, Bin Wang and Qingzhong Cai
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(23), 4298; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12234298 - 3 Dec 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3676
Abstract
Metalenses composed of a large number of subwavelength nanostructures provide the possibility for the miniaturization and integration of the optical system. Broadband polarization-insensitive achromatic metalenses in the visible light spectrum have attracted researchers because of their wide applications in optical integrated imaging. This [...] Read more.
Metalenses composed of a large number of subwavelength nanostructures provide the possibility for the miniaturization and integration of the optical system. Broadband polarization-insensitive achromatic metalenses in the visible light spectrum have attracted researchers because of their wide applications in optical integrated imaging. This paper proposes a polarization-insensitive achromatic metalens operating over a continuous bandwidth from 470 nm to 700 nm. The silicon nitride nanopillars of 488 nm and 632.8 nm are interleaved by Fresnel zone spatial multiplexing method, and the particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the phase compensation. The maximum time-bandwidth product in the phase library is 17.63. The designed focal length can be maintained in the visible light range from 470 nm to 700 nm. The average focusing efficiency reaches 31.71%. The metalens can achieve broadband achromatization using only one shape of nanopillar, which is simple in design and easy to fabricate. The proposed metalens is expected to play an important role in microscopic imaging, cameras, and other fields. Full article
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9 pages, 2428 KiB  
Article
High-Efficiency Polarization Multiplexing Metalenses
by Xueping Sun, Rui Ma, Xinxin Pu, Shaobo Ge, Jin Cheng, Xiangyang Li, Quan Wang, Shun Zhou and Weiguo Liu
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(9), 1500; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12091500 - 28 Apr 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2875
Abstract
The polarization multiplexing technique is a well-established method that improves the communication capacity of an optical system. In this paper, we designed orthogonal linear and circular polarization multiplexing metalens using a library of rectangle TiO2 nanostructures. The former can independently focus x- [...] Read more.
The polarization multiplexing technique is a well-established method that improves the communication capacity of an optical system. In this paper, we designed orthogonal linear and circular polarization multiplexing metalens using a library of rectangle TiO2 nanostructures. The former can independently focus x- and y-linearly polarized incident lights to designed positions with a focusing efficiency of 53.81% and 51.56%, respectively, whereas the latter with two preset focal points can independently control left and right circularly polarized incident lights with a focusing efficiency of 42.45% and 42.46%, respectively. We also show that both metalenses can produce diffraction-limited focal spots for four polarization states with no obvious distortion, which opens up new applications in polarization imaging and polarization detection. Full article
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12 pages, 6171 KiB  
Article
Spherical Aberration-Corrected Metalens for Polarization Multiplexed Imaging
by Shaodong Zhou, Kelei Xi, Songlin Zhuang and Qingqing Cheng
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(11), 2774; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112774 - 20 Oct 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4150
Abstract
We present a terahertz spherical aberration-corrected metalens that uses the dynamic phase to achieve polarization multiplexed imaging. The designed metalens has polarization–dependent imaging efficiencies and polarization extinction ratios that exceed 50% and 10:1, respectively. Furthermore, opposite gradient phases can be applied to orthogonal [...] Read more.
We present a terahertz spherical aberration-corrected metalens that uses the dynamic phase to achieve polarization multiplexed imaging. The designed metalens has polarization–dependent imaging efficiencies and polarization extinction ratios that exceed 50% and 10:1, respectively. Furthermore, opposite gradient phases can be applied to orthogonal polarizations to shift the imaging of the two polarized sources in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Indeed, we find that the metalens has a smaller depth-of-focus than a traditional metalens when imaging point sources with limited objective lengths. These results provide a new approach for achieving multifunctional beam steering, tomographic imaging and chiroptical detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Properties and Applications of Metamaterials)
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22 pages, 44079 KiB  
Review
Chiroptical Metasurfaces: Principles, Classification, and Applications
by Joohoon Kim, Ahsan Sarwar Rana, Yeseul Kim, Inki Kim, Trevon Badloe, Muhammad Zubair, Muhammad Qasim Mehmood and Junsuk Rho
Sensors 2021, 21(13), 4381; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134381 - 26 Jun 2021
Cited by 63 | Viewed by 9293
Abstract
Chiral materials, which show different optical behaviors when illuminated by left or right circularly polarized light due to broken mirror symmetry, have greatly impacted the field of optical sensing over the past decade. To improve the sensitivity of chiral sensing platforms, enhancing the [...] Read more.
Chiral materials, which show different optical behaviors when illuminated by left or right circularly polarized light due to broken mirror symmetry, have greatly impacted the field of optical sensing over the past decade. To improve the sensitivity of chiral sensing platforms, enhancing the chiroptical response is necessary. Metasurfaces, which are two-dimensional metamaterials consisting of periodic subwavelength artificial structures, have recently attracted significant attention because of their ability to enhance the chiroptical response by manipulating amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic fields. Here, we reviewed the fundamentals of chiroptical metasurfaces as well as categorized types of chiroptical metasurfaces by their intrinsic or extrinsic chirality. Finally, we introduced applications of chiral metasurfaces such as multiplexing metaholograms, metalenses, and sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metasurfaces in Depth Sensing and 3D Display)
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11 pages, 4303 KiB  
Article
Spatially Multiplexing of Metasurface for Manipulating the Focused Trefoil and Cinquefoil Vector Light Field
by Rui Sun, Chuanfu Cheng, Ruirui Zhang, Xiangyu Zeng, Yu Zhang, Manna Gu, Chunxiang Liu, Hong Ma, Qian Kong and Chen Cheng
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(4), 858; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11040858 - 27 Mar 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2481
Abstract
The trefoil and cinquefoil vector field are of essential significance for fundamental topology properties as the Hopf link and trefoil knots in the light field. The spatially multiplexing metasurfaces were designed with two sets of periodical nanoslits arranged alternately, each had independent geometric [...] Read more.
The trefoil and cinquefoil vector field are of essential significance for fundamental topology properties as the Hopf link and trefoil knots in the light field. The spatially multiplexing metasurfaces were designed with two sets of periodical nanoslits arranged alternately, each had independent geometric spiral phases and metalens phases to produce and focus vortex of the corresponding circular polarized (CP) light. By arranging the orientations of the two slit sets, the two CP vortices of the desired topological charges were obtained, the superposition of the vortices were realized to generate the vector field. With the topological charges of the vortices set to one and two, and three and two, respectively, the focused trefoil and cinquefoil vector light fields were acquired. The work would be important in broadening the applications of metasurface in areas as vector beam generations and topology of light field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Theory and Simulation of Nanostructures)
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12 pages, 7970 KiB  
Article
High-Efficiency and Broadband Near-Infrared Bi-Functional Metasurface Based on Rotary Different-Size Silicon Nanobricks
by Wei Wang, Chong Guo, Jingluo Tang, Zehan Zhao, Jicheng Wang, Jinghua Sun, Fei Shen, Kai Guo and Zhongyi Guo
Nanomaterials 2019, 9(12), 1744; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9121744 - 7 Dec 2019
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3432
Abstract
Several novel spin-dependent bi-functional metasurfaces consisting of different-sized rotary silicon nanobricks have been proposed and numerically investigated based on the Pancharatnam–Berry phase and structural phase simultaneously. Here, a transmission mechanism is strictly deduced, which can avoid crosstalk from the multiplexed bi-functional metasurface. Four [...] Read more.
Several novel spin-dependent bi-functional metasurfaces consisting of different-sized rotary silicon nanobricks have been proposed and numerically investigated based on the Pancharatnam–Berry phase and structural phase simultaneously. Here, a transmission mechanism is strictly deduced, which can avoid crosstalk from the multiplexed bi-functional metasurface. Four kinds of high-efficiency bi-functional devices have been designed successfully at infrared wavelengths, including a spin-dependent bi-functional beam deflector, a spin-dependent bi-functional metalens, a bi-functional metasurface with spin-dependent focusing and deflection function, and a spin-dependent bi-functional vortex phase plate. All of the results demonstrate the superior performances of our designed devices. Our work opens up new doors toward building novel spin-dependent bi-functional metasurfaces, and promotes the development of bi-functional devices and spin-controlled photonics. Full article
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