Search Results (82)

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into modern dental practice, particularly in diagnostics, radiographic analysis, treatment planning, and practice management. Despite the rapid advancement of AI-based technologies, evidence regarding dentists’ attitudes toward AI in Central and Eastern Europe remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate Polish dentists’ attitudes toward artificial intelligence in contemporary dental practice and to investigate differences in AI acceptance according to sex, age group, and dental specialty. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional online questionnaire-based study was conducted among licensed dentists practicing in Poland. An anonymous questionnaire comprising 15 attitude statements rated on a five-point Likert scale was distributed through professional social media groups. The survey assessed attitudes toward the use of AI in clinical, diagnostic, and administrative aspects of dentistry. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistica 16.0. Group comparisons were conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test with Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate correction. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Results: A total of 183 completed questionnaires were included in the analysis. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was high (Cronbach’s α = 0.900). The overall acceptance of AI was moderate (mean score: 3.18 ± 0.73). The highest levels of agreement were observed for the perceived potential of AI to improve dental practice management (mean = 4.05) and for general openness toward AI implementation in dentistry (mean = 4.05). Respondents also expressed a high willingness to use AI for generating clinical documentation (mean = 3.69). In contrast, the lowest acceptance was observed for statements suggesting that AI could replace dentists (mean: 1.36). Within the study sample, men demonstrated significantly higher overall AI acceptance than women (p < 0.001). Significant differences were also observed between age groups and dental specialties. Orthodontists demonstrated the highest AI acceptance among the surveyed specialties; however, these findings should be interpreted as exploratory because of unequal subgroup sizes. After FDR correction, significant differences between age groups remained only for selected questionnaire items. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this convenience sample, the findings suggest that Polish dentists generally perceive artificial intelligence as a supportive tool rather than a replacement for clinicians. Acceptance was greatest for administrative and organizational applications of AI, whereas autonomous clinical decision-making received substantially lower support. These findings suggest that the successful implementation of AI in dentistry should prioritize assistive technologies that enhance clinical workflows while preserving the central role of the dentist in patient care. Full article

Modern dentistry increasingly relies on light-curing units (LCUs) and lasers in essential clinical procedures such as composite resin polymerization, caries treatment, and periodontal therapy. This review aims to outline the evolution of light-emitting technologies and to assess their potential biological risks, with particular emphasis on effects on the visual system, oral tissues, and microbiome. The development of curing devices is presented chronologically, from the first-generation ultraviolet (UV-A) lamps introduced in the 1970s to current light-emitting diode (LED-LCU) systems and dental lasers (e.g., Er:YAG, Nd:YAG). The progressive increase in light intensity—now exceeding 3000 mW/cm²—has shortened curing times but simultaneously raised safety concerns. Major hazards include the so-called blue-light hazard, where exposure to high-energy visible (HEV) blue light may accelerate macular degeneration, and temperature elevations in the pulp chamber, which may damage the dentin–pulp complex. Laser radiation also exerts significant microbiological effects: Er:YAG and diode lasers demonstrate bactericidal activity against biofilms and oral pathogens (e.g., P. gingivalis), although therapeutic outcomes depend on wavelength, dose, and exposure time. Suboptimal parameters may lead to microbiome disturbances, whereas low-level laser therapy (LLLT; 600–1200 nm) supports tissue regeneration and helps restore microbial balance. The individualization of irradiation parameters, combined with thorough theoretical knowledge, operator expertise, and technical understanding of LCUs and lasers, is essential for maximizing clinical benefits while minimizing health risks and preserving oral microbiome homeostasis. Full article

Background/Objectives: Modern dentistry focuses on the ongoing development of digital alternative technologies and the study of the properties of these innovative materials is deemed essential. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the optical and surface characteristics of six computer-aided design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD-CAM) dental materials, both subtractive and additive, in relation to in vitro degradation. Methods: CAD-CAM dental materials, subtractively processed (Vita Enamic, Cerasmart, Brilliant and Tetric) and additively manufactured (Saremco Crowntec and Voco C&B), were prepared to standard dimensions of 14 × 10 × 1 mm, with baseline measurements taken prior to, and after, the degradation procedures, consisting of immersion in an ADA-recommended staining broth, artificial aging (thermocycling), and the combined effects of staining and in vitro aging. Additionally, two different surface treatments were investigated (polished and glazed). Results: The poorest color stability was observed for Tetric glazed specimens (mean value 25.585) subjected to staining, while the best performance was recorded for Brilliant polished Control (average value of 0.781). The staining procedure produced the most pronounced color changes. Surface treatment did not significantly affect color stability, and surface roughness was not influenced by either the degradation method or the surface treatment (p > 0.05). Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) evaluation revealed superior performance of the glazed surfaces, characterized by lower nanoroughness values compared with polished surfaces and a smoother surface appearance. Conclusions: The staining potential of staining broth was demonstrated in this study, with the highest values recorded after the staining procedures. In addition, the influence of artificial aging alone and artificial aging combined with staining was investigated, providing relevant results for a better clinical approach. Moreover, surface treatment demonstrated reliability and therefore clinical applicability. Full article

This article provides an overview of modern surface engineering technologies used in the manufacturing of dental components, with a particular focus on dental implants, abutments, and crowns. The main objective of the study is to critically evaluate selected surface treatment and coating deposition methods applied to materials such as titanium, zirconia, hydroxyapatite, and NiTi alloys, and to discuss their relevance in terms of functionality, biocompatibility, and sustainability. The analyzed technologies include anodic oxidation, alkaline oxidation, electrochemical coating deposition, and other surface modification approaches aimed at improving osseointegration, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial performance. This literature review was conducted as a narrative review supported by the PRISMA framework, using the Scopus and Web of Science databases for the period 2016–2025. The findings highlight the increasing importance of surface treatments as a key factor influencing the durability and clinical success of dental implant systems. At the same time, the results indicate that the environmental aspects and energy efficiency of manufacturing and surface treatment processes are still addressed only marginally or qualitatively in the available literature. The identified research gaps include the lack of quantitative data on the energy demand of individual technologies, the absence of standardized indicators for environmental impact assessment, and the limited number of comparative studies evaluating different surface modification techniques in the context of dental manufacturing. Overall, the results emphasize the need for a more systematic sustainability assessment of surface engineering as an integral part of modern dental manufacturing practice. Full article

Effective dentist-patient communication underpins care, empowering informed decisions, reducing anxiety, improving efficiency, and fostering trust through clear, accurate, cohesive exchanges. This narrative review used a structured Medline search of literature, employing key terms to select and synthesize relevant English-language publications on dentist-patient communication without strict inclusion criteria. Key strategies include active listening, empathetic dialogue, patient-centred approaches, and the use of plain language and visual aids to demystify complex information. Additionally, integrating technology for appointment reminders, virtual consultations, and feedback mechanisms can streamline interactions. Crucially, cultural competency and sensitivity to individual needs ensure inclusivity and personalized care. Building on these findings, the study outlines ten actionable pillars for effective communication: (1) Initial Consultation: Establish rapport and gather comprehensive medical/dental histories. (2) Treatment Explanation: Simplify diagnoses and options using layman’s terms. (3) Informed Consent: Transparently discuss risks/benefits and invite questions. (4) Patient Education: Clarify oral hygiene practices and post-treatment expectations. (5) Anxiety Management: Address fears through reassurance and tailored coping strategies. (6) Follow-Up Care: Maintain post-treatment engagement to resolve concerns. (7) Feedback Systems: Leverage patient insights for service improvement. (8) Cultural Sensitivity: Adapt communication to diverse backgrounds. (9) Non-Verbal Cues: Employ positive body language and active listening. (10) Technology Integration: Utilize digital tools for efficiency and accessibility. By prioritizing empathy, clarity, and adaptability, clinicians can transform dental visits from anxiety-inducing encounters into collaborative partnerships. This approach not only elevates patient satisfaction and adherence but also redefines the standard of care, aligning clinical practice with the evolving needs of modern dentistry. Full article

Dental erosion has emerged as a significant modern oral health problem, characterized by the chemical dissolution of tooth structure resulting from frequent exposure to intrinsic or extrinsic acids. With a high global prevalence ranging from 30% to 50% in children and 20% to 40% in adults, its management is a clinical priority to prevent long-term complications like dentine hypersensitivity and functional impairment. This review outlines the multifactorial etiology of erosion, encompassing dietary acids, gastroesophageal reflux, and reduced salivary flow. The historical context of oral care is explored, leading to a discussion on contemporary management strategies centered on remineralization. Fluoride ions play a crucial role by inhibiting demineralization, facilitating the formation of acid-resistant fluorapatite, and exerting antibacterial effects. A major focus is placed on advanced biomimetic, calcium phosphate-based topical agents such as Casein Phosphopeptide–Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP), functionalized Tricalcium Phosphate (fTCP), and Hydroxyapatite (HAP), which effectively replenish lost minerals. The review further explores innovative methods, such as laser-assisted and electrically enhanced remineralization. Finally, it outlines next-generation regenerative strategies, including self-assembling peptides (P11-4), stem cell therapies, 3D bioprinting, and gene-editing (CRISPR) technologies, which aim to biologically regenerate lost enamel and dentine. The field is rapidly evolving from a preventive to a restorative paradigm, with future directions focusing on biologically based, minimally invasive therapies to fully restore tooth structure and function. Full article

Background: The use of computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology is rapidly expanding in modern dentistry. However, differences may exist in educational experiences and utilization competencies between dental hygiene and dental technology students. Objectives: This study aimed to assess CAD/CAM educational exposure and competencies by major and grade level. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 464 undergraduate students in Korea. The questionnaire covered general characteristics, CAD/CAM education experience, and competencies in scanning, CAD design, CAM operation, and post-processing. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, and correlation analysis. Results: A total of 464 valid responses were analyzed. Dental technology students reported significantly higher experience with CAD/CAM education compared with dental hygiene students (p < 0.001). Scanning, CAD design, CAM operation, and post-processing competency were all significantly higher among dental technology students and senior (3–4 year) students compared with dental hygiene and junior (1–2 year) students (p < 0.001). CAD/CAM competencies varied significantly by major and grade level. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the need to strengthen CAD/CAM training in dentistry curricula and to promote interdisciplinary digital dentistry education to prepare practice-ready graduates for a digitized clinical environment. Full article

Background: Teledentistry constitutes a key component of digital health, enabling remote oral healthcare delivery through information and communication technologies (ICT). The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated its global adoption; however, data regarding its implementation within Romanian dental practice remain limited. Understanding usage patterns, perceived benefits, and implementation barriers is essential for effective integration. Objectives: This study examined the adoption of teledentistry among dental practitioners in Sibiu County, Romania, identified its main applications, assessed professional perceptions, and explored barriers and their interrelations using association rule mining (ARM). Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was distributed in 2025 to all 630 registered dentists in Sibiu County. The questionnaire collected demographic data, usage patterns, perceived benefits, and barriers. A total of 197 valid responses were obtained (response rate: 31.2%). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and ARM were used to identify associations between usage contexts and recorded obstacles. Results: Overall, 44.6% of respondents reported using teledentistry tools, primarily for interdisciplinary consultations (29.4%), postoperative counseling (26.4%), and treatment monitoring (25.3%). The most frequently cited barriers were the inability to perform direct clinical examinations (71.5%), practitioner reluctance (37.1%), insufficient infrastructure (29.9%), and the lack of a clear legislative framework (27.4%). ARM revealed frequent co-occurrence patterns among these barriers. Practitioners with prior experience in teledentistry reported significantly higher perceived utility (58% vs. 22.1%) and greater interest in training (58% vs. 38.5%, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Teledentistry shows moderate but increasing adoption among Romanian dentists. Addressing current barriers, through legislative clarification, infrastructure development, targeted professional training, and public education, is essential for achieving sustainable integration into modern dental practice. Full article

Background/Objectives: The accelerated digitalisation of dental practice is significantly influencing how patients perceive and accept modern treatments. This study uses a structured questionnaire to evaluate patients’ knowledge of, and attitudes towards, digital technologies in dentistry, adopting an original, patient-centred perspective within routine clinical settings. Methods: Non-parametric statistical methods (Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis H test and Spearman correlations) were employed to analyse the responses of 397 participants. To reduce selection bias, a systematic sampling technique was employed, and thorough validation ensured the consistency of the instrument. The questionnaire covered socio-demographic information, prior dental experience and opinions regarding specific digital applications (intraoral scanning (IOS), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), CAD-CAM workflows, 3D printing). Knowledge was operationalised as awareness; no keyed objective knowledge test was administered. Results: The findings show that patients generally accept digital technologies, with perceptions of costs, prior experience of digital dental procedures and educational level having a significant impact. The duration of the patient–clinician relationship, the patient’s dental health, and the history of orthodontic and prosthetic procedures also impacted the acceptance of digital technologies. Notably, clinical staff members were the main source of information, highlighting the importance of professional–patient communication. Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of patient-friendly communication in healthcare and provide a solid basis for the implementation of patient-centred digital dentistry. Future plans should focus on creating specialised educational materials, improving digital literacy, and promoting equal access to cutting-edge technologies in urban and disadvantaged communities. Full article

Introduction: Orthodontic practice, though often considered low-risk compared with other dental specialties, is increasingly exposed to medico-legal challenges shaped by the volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) environment of modern healthcare. The aim of this review was to identify the underlying causes and typologies of malpractice claims in orthodontics. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes evidence from 2010–2024 on malpractice allegations and risk management strategies in orthodontics, with attention to the clinical, ethical, and legal dimensions. Results: The analysis of the included articles identified the most common types of malpractice allegations and the share of malpractice allegations of orthodontists in relation to other specialties; the main risks of orthodontic practice were identified, as well as risk management strategies in orthodontics. The findings highlight that most malpractice allegations are not related to medical/clinical errors, but to ethical–legislative, behavioral/relational, and perceptual/aesthetic vulnerabilities. Conclusions: This review highlights the need for physicians to focus on the acquisition of transversal skills, to have the ability to understand, adapt and respond to the rational and emotional needs of patients. This is essential in an ever-changing world, supporting healthcare professionals in maintaining professional safety. This review opens a relevant research direction on the role and impact of digital technology in the orthodontist–patient relationship, having the ability to influence the dynamics of this therapeutic relationship and the perception of the treatment outcome. Full article

Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing, is revolutionizing modern dentistry, introducing high-precision, patient-specific, and digital-driven workflows across prosthodontics, orthodontics, implantology, and maxillofacial surgery. Extensive analysis explores the leading platforms in 3D printing such as stereolithography (SLA), fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), digital light processing (DLP), and PolyJet which all achieve superior performance across multiple areas including resolution capabilities, material compatibility options, clinical application readiness, and cost-effectiveness. Additionally, an extensive overview of common materials, including biocompatible polymers (PLA, PMMA, PEEK), metals (titanium, cobalt-chromium), and ceramics (zirconia, alumina, glass-ceramics), sheds light on the critical role of material selection for patient safety, durability, and functional performance. The review explores new advancements such as 4D printing with shape-adaptive smart biomaterials as well as artificial intelligence-enabled digital processes and prosthesis design for the transformation of regenerative dentistry and intraoral drug delivery operations into new domains and the automation of clinical planning. Equally groundbreaking are 3D printing applications in pediatric dentistry, surgical simulation, and dental education. However, full-scale adoption of AM technology is not without challenges, including material toxicity, regulatory hurdles for approval, high initial investments, and the need for extensive digital expertise training. Sustainability concerns are also being addressed, with recycled materials and circular economy models gaining traction. In conclusion, this article advocates for a future where dentistry is shaped by interdisciplinary collaboration, intelligent automation, and hyper-personalized biocompatible solutions, with 3D printing firmly established as the backbone of next-generation dental care. Full article

Background: Perforation of the piriform sinus is a rare but severe clinical event that can lead to cervico-thoracic mediastinitis, a life-threatening condition requiring urgent multidisciplinary intervention. Among its etiologies, accidental ingestion of foreign bodies, including dental prostheses, is uncommon but poses significant risks due to the anatomical vulnerability of the hypopharyngeal structures. Methods: We report a rare case of right piriform sinus perforation secondary to the ingestion of a dental prosthesis, complicated by cervico-mediastinitis, sepsis, tracheostomy, and sacral pressure ulcer. The clinical course required emergency surgical intervention and intensive supportive care. Results: A novel aspect of this case was the use of the Endoscopic Vacuum-Assisted Closure (EVAC) irrigation system as an adjunctive technique in the management of deep cervical drainage. Rather than approaching the fistula from within the lumen, the team created a controlled external drainage system, adaptation of the vacuum-assisted closure therapy directly over the fistulous tract. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis, high clinical suspicion and coordinated management in the treatment of piriform sinus perforations. It also illustrates the potential applicability of modern technologies such as negative pressure irrigation in the complex management of deep neck infections and mediastinitis. Full article

Background: Effective dentist–patient communication is pivotal for quality dental care and patient satisfaction. Advances in technology, such as the application of digital dentistry, have modernized how dentists and patients interact. Objective: The objective of this study is to review traditional and modern communication methods and how the latter enhance patient engagement. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2000–2025) was conducted using keywords related to dental communication methods. Eligible studies underwent critical appraisal based on methodological clarity and relevance, and review quality was assessed using the SANRA framework. Results: While traditional methods remain foundational, digital advancements have significantly expanded communication channels. Teledentistry improves access through virtual consultations, electronic health records empower patients with transparency, and mobile apps facilitate convenient messaging and monitoring. Social media and interactive educational content enhance patient understanding and practice engagement. AI-driven tools further personalize patient interactions and automate administrative tasks. However, these modern strategies require careful implementation to ensure they meet clinical needs and adhere to strict privacy and security regulations. Conclusions: In conclusion, technological advancements have re-shaped dentist–patient communication, making it more flexible and efficient, thus enhancing patient engagement, satisfaction, and overall dental care quality. Future research should focus on conducting comparative and longitudinal studies to evaluate patient outcomes, satisfaction, and the long-term impact on the dentist–patient relationship across different hybrid communication models. Full article

Introduction: Oral implantology, a modern approach to rehabilitating edentulous patients, has advanced significantly with digital technologies, notably computer-guided surgery. This technique is considered precise and predictable. However, it is essential to assess this technique from the patient’s perspective, focusing on its impact on quality of life and satisfaction. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL up to January 2025. Clinical trials and case series studies were included. Studies conducted on partially or fully edentulous patients were selected for inclusion. The studies included static or dynamic guided oral implant treatments, as well as conventional treatments, and evaluated patient-reported outcomes, specifically perceived satisfaction and quality of life. A qualitative synthesis of the findings was performed, and the quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results: A total of twelve studies were included. The most commonly used questionnaires for evaluation were the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHQoL), and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). Computer-guided implantology appears to be a valid and predictable technique for dental implant placement. It is associated with a reduced intraoperative and postoperative pain. Some studies, however, did not identify significant differences compared with conventional implant surgery. Conclusions: Guided oral implantology is a viable option for oral rehabilitation in edentulous patients, offering benefits in surgical precision, pain reduction, and patient experience. Its effects on surgical time and overall patient satisfaction, however, warrant further investigation. Full article

Background: Periodontal regeneration has become a focal point in modern dental therapy, aiming to restore the form and function of lost periodontal structures. A literature search was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, focusing on studies published between 2000 and 2025 that addressed the clinical use of dental biomaterials in periodontal regeneration. Emphasis was placed on the use of bone grafts, guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes, enamel matrix derivatives, scaffolds, growth factors, and stem cell-based technologies. The review also outlines the limitations of current strategies, including unpredictable clinical responses, the rapid degradation of bioactive components, and variability in healing. Emerging directions, such as nanotechnology, gene-activated matrices, and 3D-printed scaffolds, are highlighted for their potential to improve predictability and personalization in periodontal therapy. This synthesis underscores both the progress and ongoing challenges in the field, emphasizing the need for continued research into material innovation and patient-specific solutions. Full article