Search Results (8,765)

Dementia is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide, yet diagnosis in primary care remains substantially lower than expected, delaying access to treatment, support and future care planning. The Facing Dementia Together Practice Change Program was developed as a co-designed, multicomponent intervention to improve dementia diagnosis in Australian general practice. A mixed-methods process evaluation used the RE-AIM framework with the addition of Appropriateness. The intervention included Primary Health Network (PHN) engagement, GP education, clinical resources, audit and benchmarking reports, specialist support, and a dementia risk-alert tool. Data were collected through surveys, stakeholder interviews, website analytics and program documentation. Clinicians who participated reported increased confidence and changes in dementia-related clinical behaviours, while education, resources and benchmarking were perceived as valuable. However, overall reach was limited by competing clinical priorities, workforce pressures, lack of financial incentives, and PHN implementation challenges. The dementia risk-alert tool was feasible but achieved limited uptake because of software compatibility, usability concerns and incomplete electronic medical record data. Although the program was acceptable to participating clinicians, limited reach constrained its potential impact. These findings highlight organizational, workforce, digital infrastructure and policy factors that influenced implementation of multicomponent interventions in routine primary care. Full article

Background: Delirium management remains inconsistently implemented in intensive care units (ICUs), and existing studies provide limited insight into how assessment capability, organisational opportunity, and emotional motivation interact in Chinese tertiary care settings. Aim: To explore ICU nurses’ perceived barriers and facilitators to delirium assessment and management using the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation model of Behaviour (COM-B). Methods: A qualitative descriptive exploratory study was conducted with 14 registered ICU nurses from two tertiary hospitals in Chongqing, China, between December 2025 and February 2026. Purposive sampling captured variation in clinical experience, educational background, and ICU type. The first author conducted face-to-face interviews in Mandarin Chinese and completed the initial coding. COM-B informed both the interview guide and the deductive organisation of the analysis, while six themes and 33 lowest-level factors were developed within the three domains. During revision, the fixed analytic structure was audited against all 14 Mandarin transcripts, and the second author independently applied the fixed codebook to five complete transcripts selected for maximum variation; disagreements were resolved by returning to the original Mandarin context and predefined coding boundaries. Results: Eighteen barriers and fifteen facilitators were identified across six themes within the COM-B domains. Capability was strengthened by clinical experience, senior nurses’ intuitive pattern recognition, and conversational assessment, but constrained by difficulty recognising hypoactive delirium, uncertainty when assessing older adults, inconsistent use of CAM-ICU, and insufficient targeted training. Opportunity was enhanced by staffing, environmental control, peer support, family engagement, and physician collaboration, but restricted by fragmented visibility, sensory overstimulation, workload, restrictive visiting, and delayed medical responses. Motivation reflected the tension between professional duty and accountability for safety on one hand and emotional burden, verbal abuse, and violence on the other. Cross-domain accounts showed that opportunity constraints could amplify anxiety and safety-first motivation, narrowing feasible behaviour toward containment, whereas social support could sustain relational care. Conclusions: Delirium management was shaped by interacting behavioural, organisational, and emotional conditions. Strengthening assessment capability alone is unlikely to produce consistent practice without staffing, workflow, environmental, and interprofessional support. Mapping the findings to Behaviour Change Wheel intervention functions highlighted training, environmental restructuring, enablement, and modelling as priority candidate functions for prospective evaluation; education alone was unlikely to be sufficient. Reporting Method: This study was reported in accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution was involved in the design, conduct or reporting of this study. Participants were registered intensive care unit nurses. Full article

Background/Objectives: Dietary supplements (DSs) and over-the-counter (OTC) medications for mood improvement and stress relief are widely used, but little is known about how their use relates to coping preferences, trust in physicians, and communication with doctors. This exploratory cross-sectional study compared users and non-users of such products in Poland. Methods: Data were collected between October 2024 and May 2025 and included 798 adults recruited through a mixed-mode convenience sampling strategy (636 online and 162 in person). Participants were classified as current users (CUs; n = 184), past users (PUs; n = 297), or never-users (NUs; n = 317). The outcomes included hypothetical future coping strategies (under an assumption of unlimited resources), trust in physicians using an author-translated adaptation of the Trust in Doctors in General (T-DiG) scale and three-category communication-related attitudes. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, gender, education, medical or health science background, and recruitment mode. Results: Overall, 60.3% of respondents reported current or past use. Compared with NUs, both CUs and PUs had higher adjusted odds of selecting future DS/OTC use (CUs: aOR = 5.60, 95% CI 3.44–9.14, p < 0.001; PUs: aOR = 2.44, 95% CI 1.52–3.93, p < 0.001). PUs also had higher adjusted odds of selecting psychotherapy (aOR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.04–2.17, p = 0.031; overall p = 0.018). Product-use status was associated with selected items of T-DiG: communication competency (overall p = 0.031) and global trust (overall p < 0.001). Compared with NUs, CUs had lower adjusted scores on both subscales (aMD = −0.19, 95% CI −0.33 to −0.04, p = 0.010 and aMD = −0.40, 95% CI −0.59 to −0.21, p < 0.001, respectively). Overall product-group effects were also observed for the first two communication items: CUs had lower relative risk ratios than NUs for discussing product-related doubts first with their physician (RRR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.35–0.78, p = 0.001) and for feeling free to raise such doubts (RRR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.36–0.92, p = 0.022). Conclusions: Product-use status showed selective associations with hypothetical coping preferences, physician trust, and communication-related attitudes rather than a uniform pattern of reluctance to seek professional support. Current use was most strongly associated with lower trust and less favorable product-related communication attitudes. Given the cross-sectional design and hypothetical nature of the coping outcomes, these findings do not establish causality, temporal ordering, or actual healthcare-seeking behavior. Full article

Background/Objectives: Nutrition is an important component of disease prevention and clinical care, yet nutrition training in medical education is often limited and may not adequately prepare future physicians for dietary counselling. Valid assessment tools are therefore needed to identify specific educational gaps and guide curriculum improvement. Unlike general nutrition knowledge instruments, the present questionnaire was specifically developed for medical students and integrates factual nutrition knowledge, applied food composition knowledge, and dietary habits within a multidimensional assessment framework. This study aimed to develop and preliminarily validate a multidimensional questionnaire assessing nutrition knowledge, food composition knowledge, and dietary habits in medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional psychometric validation study with a mixed-methods approach was conducted at the University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. The instrument was developed by the research team using the revised General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire by Kliemann et al. as a conceptual reference and was subsequently adapted to the educational context and expected baseline knowledge of medical students. Face validity was examined through student focus groups, and content validity was established by an expert panel. The initial questionnaire included 61 analyzable items across three domains. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha, construct validity by exploratory factor analysis with Promax rotation, and sensitivity analysis was performed to refine the scale. Results: A total of 150 medical students from all six academic years participated (mean age 21.26 years). The initial instrument showed high overall internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha = 0.824. After excluding 15 low-performing items, the final 46-item version demonstrated improved reliability (alpha = 0.849). Domain-specific reliability was moderate for general nutrition knowledge (alpha = 0.632) and acceptable for food composition knowledge (alpha = 0.751) and dietary habits (alpha = 0.776). The revised structure produced interpretable components with potential utility for educational diagnosis. Conclusions: The refined questionnaire showed preliminary psychometric validity as a multidimensional assessment tool for medical students. Its potential value lies in providing a framework for future assessment of nutrition-related educational needs rather than in directly producing curricular or behavioral change. Independent multicenter and cross-cultural validation is required before broader use can be recommended. Full article

Background/Objectives: Empathy is a fundamental component of patient-centered care and plays a critical role in the physician–patient relationship. This study aimed to evaluate empathy levels among undergraduate medical students at a medical university in Romania, examined from a Medical Humanities perspective, and to analyze how these scores are distributed according to gender, academic year, clinical stage, and direct experience with patient contact. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 209 undergraduate medical students across all six academic years. Empathy levels were assessed using the Romanian-language version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy—Student Version (JSE-S). Differences in empathy scores were analyzed using independent samples t-tests and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) post hoc comparisons. Statistical significance was set at an alpha level of less than 0.05. Results: Internal consistency of the JSE-S total scale was good (Cronbach’s α = 0.829). The overall mean total JSE-S score was 107.34 ± 14.34. Female students demonstrated significantly higher empathy scores compared to male students (109.92 ± 13.10 versus 99.37 ± 15.20; t = 4.450; p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 0.77). No statistically significant differences were found between preclinical and clinical stage students (106.84 ± 14.75 versus 108.98 ± 12.90; p = 0.363; Cohen’s d = −0.15), between students with and without direct patient contact (108.20 ± 14.14 versus 104.48 ± 14.78; p = 0.115; Cohen’s d = 0.26), or across the six academic years (F = 1.614; p = 0.158; partial η² = 0.038). Conclusions: Medical students demonstrated moderate-to-high empathy levels, with gender representing the only statistically significant demographic factor. The absence of major differences across academic-year cohorts and clinical exposure suggests that empathy levels were comparably represented across the different stages of training within this cross-sectional sample. These findings contribute descriptive data on empathy levels among Romanian medical students and highlight gender as the main factor associated with variation in empathy scores in this sample. Full article

Legal definitions of human viability vary worldwide. Background/Objectives: The treatment of periviable newborns remains controversial and raises ethical concerns. However, currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) sets the lower limit of viability at 22 weeks of gestation or 500 g birth weight. The aim of our research was to determine the knowledge of healthcare practitioners in our country regarding this topic, as well as including a course after which we sought to evaluate whether their perceptions regarding the management of these cases changed. Methods: The recruitment of participants encompassed those who voluntarily took part in the survey, and 30 clinicians were included; they participated in a 30 h online course and completed a survey questionnaire before and after the course. Results: After Holm adjustment, we observed an improvement in participants’ perceptions regarding recommendations concerning a multidisciplinary approach, perinatal counseling (20.0% vs. 100.0%), ethical issues (16.7% vs. 93.3%), and awareness of national guidelines (36.7% vs. 100.0%). Moreover, they recognized the importance of including parental wishes in decision-making (Holm-adjusted p = 0.0469), but with clinicians having the final word in the decision. Other factors did not change, with practitioners having knowledge about the serious outcomes of newborns in such challenging situations. Conclusions: Ethically grounded strategies to guide the management of newborns at the limit of viability is of great importance, whereby gestational age is an insufficient parameter. A collaborative, multidisciplinary process is mandatory in order to ensure the best outcomes for the newborn. The value of continuing medical education should be acknowledged. Full article

Introduction: The fetal ganglionic eminence (GE) is a transient brain structure involved in interneuron development; its abnormalities may be associated with malformations of cortical development (MCD). This systematic review evaluated the feasibility and clinical value of transvaginal neurosonography for fetal GE assessment. Material and Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from January 2015 to June 2026. Human in vivo ultrasound studies of the fetal GE were included. Results: Thirteen studies comprising 890 fetuses were included. GE visualization ranged from 71% to 100%, with highest rates using dedicated three-dimensional transvaginal neurosonography at 9–22 weeks. Measurement reproducibility was good to excellent. GE cavitation and enlargement were associated with MCD in selected high-risk cohorts, but reported frequencies varied substantially. Conclusions: Transvaginal neurosonography permits feasible and reproducible visualization of the fetal GE in experienced hands. Small studies, heterogeneous protocols, and limited long-term outcome data preclude routine GE assessment at present. Full article

AI-generated synthetic media are evolving from tools of digital manipulation into a practical antidote for persistent challenges in digital health implementation. However, the computational capabilities that characterise these technologies, their applications and downstream health-related benefits remain fragmented and insufficiently synthesised. This systematic review identified the computational capabilities that characterise AI-generated synthetic media in health, examined their applications and benefits, and developed an integrative framework linking these domains. Twenty-four studies published between 2021 and 31 May 2026 were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and findings were synthesised through thematic analysis. The synthesis revealed an integrated set of capabilities spanning photorealistic medical-image generation, modality-specific synthesis of clinical images and physiological signals, synthetic non-image health-data creation, preservation of statistical distributions, temporal patterns and clinical relationships, generation of diverse, novel and non-memorised samples and controlled transformation of medical and audiovisual content. Privacy-oriented synthesis and deepfake detection emerged as distinct components supporting privacy-conscious data use, clinical verification and healthcare safety. These demonstrated capabilities were linked to empirically evaluated and indicated applications, including data augmentation, AI model training, diagnostic model development, privacy-oriented health-data sharing, medical education, patient-facing communication, therapeutic support, clinical safety, health-system analytics and planning. The resulting Computational Capability–Application–Benefit (CAB) Framework conceptualises synthetic media as an evidence-graded pathway distinguishing demonstrated computational capabilities, evaluated health-related applications and reported, indicated or potential downstream benefits requiring further validation. AI-generated synthetic media, therefore, represent an emerging computational infrastructure with potential to support safer, privacy-conscious, adaptive and data-intensive healthcare. Full article

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading global health burden largely driven by modifiable risk factors, and public awareness plays a critical role in its prevention and early risk reduction. However, gaps in knowledge and behavioral practice persist. Objective: This study aims to assess awareness of CAD risk factors and examine its relationship with the socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, personal medical history, and family history among residents of the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 559 participants between April and May of 2026. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing awareness of behavioral, clinical, and non-modifiable risk factors. Awareness was scored out of 12 and categorized as poor (<50%), moderate (50–75%), or high (>75%). Chi-square tests were applied to analyze associations, and binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent factors associated with high awareness. The results are expressed as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05, and data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics v.29. Results: Among the 559 participants, 67.3% demonstrated high awareness, 29.9% moderate awareness, and 2.9% poor awareness of CAD risk factors. Awareness of modifiable factors was high, including smoking (96.8%), obesity (95.5%), hypertension (94.6%), and high cholesterol (93.4%), while non-modifiable factors such as family history (54.6%) and sex (60.3%) were less recognized. In the bivariate analysis, significant associations with awareness were found for age, body mass index (BMI), education, marital status, and employment status. Exercise was significantly associated with awareness (p = 0.020), with higher awareness levels observed in individuals with greater activity. High awareness was independently linked to a higher educational level (aOR = 1.76, p = 0.009) and a previous diagnosis of CAD (aOR = 6.28, p = 0.014). Conclusions: This study found moderate to high CAD risk factor knowledge among adult residents in the Jazan Region. Self-reported preventative practices differed among health behaviors, demonstrating that awareness alone may not always lead to healthy lifestyles. As the cross-sectional nature of the study precludes causal conclusions, more longitudinal, qualitative, or theory-informed research is needed to understand the drivers of healthy behavior adoption. Full article

Large language model-enabled virtual patients may expand access to clinical skills practice by supporting explicitly defined practice tasks. This program evaluation examined medical students’ awareness, use, and perceptions of the McMaster Virtual SP Tool, a custom generative artificial intelligence tool developed to supplement clinical skills practice. We conducted an anonymous, single-institution cross-sectional survey of students across three cohorts at McMaster University. Quantitative responses were summarized descriptively, and free-text responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis informed by task-aligned fidelity, deliberate practice, learner-centred feedback, and simulation instructional design. Thirty-five students responded; 23 (65.7%) were aware of the tool and 16 (45.7%) had used it. Among the 16 users, 15/16 (93.8%) found the tool at least somewhat easy to navigate; 13 (81.3%) would use it again; and 13 (81.3%) would recommend it. Across all respondents, 14/35 (40.0%) reported using AI-enabled virtual patients for OSCE preparation. Users valued its accessibility, independent low-stakes rehearsal, and usefulness for focused history-taking, question wording, and clinical reasoning. Perceived limitations included reduced human connection, nonverbal and emotional realism, physical examination practice, and feedback specificity. AI-enabled virtual patients may therefore be considered as adjuncts for selected cognitive and structural rehearsal tasks. Objective educational outcomes were not assessed. Full article

Bone loss represents a significant clinical burden that has driven the development of improved orthopedic graft substitutes. Although current grafting options, including autografts, allografts, and xenografts, have demonstrated considerable therapeutic potential, their widespread application is constrained by limitations such as donor scarcity, limited availability, and associated clinical risks. Consequently, biologically derived materials, including avian eggshells and marine bivalve shells, have emerged as promising alternative sources to produce bone precursor materials and next-generation bone graft substitutes. This review summarizes recent advances in avian eggshell- and marine shell-derived calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) materials for bone regeneration and examines their preclinical evaluation in diverse animal models, including critical-size defects in calvarial, femoral, radial and mandibular bone. Relevant studies published over the past ten years were systematically analyzed, focusing on natural calcium carbonate systems derived from avian eggshell and marine shells, including oyster, mussel, clam, scallop, cockle, and sea urchins. A structured literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify studies published between 2015 and 2025 investigating eggshell- and aquatic-derived biomaterials for bone repair and regeneration. Eligible studies were screened, and data were comparatively analyzed with respect to biomaterial source, scaffold fabrication, physicochemical characteristics, mechanical performance, biocompatibility, osteogenic potential, and the use of preclinical animal studies. Eggshell-derived biomaterials currently show the strongest translational evidence, while aquatic shell-derived biomaterials remain promising but underexplored for bone regeneration. Furthermore, this review critically examines the scientific, manufacturing, and regulatory challenges that must be addressed before clinical implementation. Full article

Background: Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune enteropathy whose only established treatment is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD). Beyond physical symptoms, the disease and its dietary management affect emotional, social, and economic functioning. Objectives: This study aimed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adult patients with celiac disease and to identify factors associated with their daily functioning and adherence to the GFD. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between February and March 2026 among 101 adults with a self-reported diagnosis of celiac disease made by a gastroenterologist, recruited through online support groups. Data were collected using an author-designed sociodemographic questionnaire, the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI), and the Celiac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT). Analyses (Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests, repeated-measures ANOVA, Spearman correlations with false-discovery-rate correction, and multivariable linear and logistic regression with prespecified sensitivity analyses) were performed in R 4.5.2, with α = 0.05. Results: The most frequently reported difficulties were eating away from home, the high cost of the GFD, and limited product availability; the most common symptoms after inadvertent gluten exposure were abdominal pain, bloating, fatigue, diarrhea, and headache. HRQoL was lowest in the emotional and physical domains. Better dietary adherence was significantly correlated with higher HRQoL across the total score and all domains except the social domain, whose weak internal consistency in this sample (α = 0.57) precludes substantive interpretation (total GIQLI: ρ = −0.50; p < 0.001), and in the multiple regression, adherence remained the strongest independent correlate of HRQoL (β = −0.36; adjusted R² = 0.41). Longer time on the diet was independently associated with better adherence (adjusted OR = 0.55 per duration category; p = 0.017). In a small vocational education subgroup (n = 8), poorer adherence and lower HRQoL were observed relative to participants with higher education, though only the HRQoL difference survived correction for multiple testing (FDR-adjusted p = 0.011 vs. 0.060 for adherence); given the size of this subgroup, this comparison is exploratory and hypothesis-generating. Higher HRQoL was also associated with milder symptoms, better-rated medical care, greater product availability, and higher household income. Conclusions: In this sample, HRQoL scores were lowest in the emotional and physical domains; because the design was cross-sectional and included no comparison group, these data characterize the distribution of HRQoL within the sample and do not establish that celiac disease reduces HRQoL. Dietary adherence was the strongest correlate of patient functioning, alongside symptom burden, self-rated quality of medical care, and product availability. Because the design is cross-sectional, these associations do not establish direction, and whether comprehensive health education and psychological support improve outcomes requires prospective and interventional evaluation. Full article

Background: Family caregivers play a central role in supporting people with colorectal cancer (CRC) and often manage complex physical, emotional, and practical demands. However, evidence regarding their experiences and supportive care needs in Kazakhstan remains limited. This qualitative study explored caregiving experiences, caregiving burden, caregivers’ needs, and coping strategies. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was used, involving semi-structured interviews with 21 family caregivers caring for patients with CRC. Participants were recruited purposively from the Medical Center of West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University and outpatient clinics in Aktobe between December 2025 and March 2026. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Most family caregivers of patients with colorectal cancer were women (95.2%). Five main themes developed: emotional challenges, transformation of daily life, caregiving tasks, caregivers’ needs and support gaps, and coping strategies and resilience. Diagnosis was described as a distressing experience characterized by shock, fear, and uncertainty. Caregiving substantially disrupted employment, financial stability, and family roles, often requiring work adjustment or leaving the workforce. Caregivers reported insufficient preparation for stoma care and expressed a strong need for structured training. Social isolation was common, as both caregivers and patients experienced a shrinking of their social support networks. Despite substantial burden, caregivers described adaptive responses to ongoing emotional and practical demands, and resilience was a prominent theme. Conclusions: Family caregivers of patients with colorectal cancer in Kazakhstan face interconnected emotional, informational, physical, and system-level challenges, while also drawing on resilience. The findings highlight priorities for support, including structured stoma care education, psychological services, recognition of caregivers’ roles, and improved discharge and transitional care. Full article

Background: Large language models (LLMs) show considerable promise for medical question answering and reasoning. Their use in medical microbiology, however, remains constrained by limited domain-specific knowledge and the risk of hallucinated outputs. Objective: To develop and evaluate Smart Medical Microbiology (SmartMM), a specialized LLM for accurate, reliable, and context-aware responses in medical microbiology. Methods: SmartMM integrates domain-adaptive continual pretraining, supervised fine-tuning (SFT), reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), knowledge distillation, and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). We constructed a high-quality microbiology corpus from textbooks, clinical guidelines, the scientific literature, case reports, and other authoritative sources. Model performance was assessed using objective examinations, subjective generation tasks, expert review, and real-world user preference evaluation. Results: SmartMM achieved accuracies of 0.897 and 0.563 on true-or-false and fill-in-the-blank questions, respectively. In subjective generation tasks, it obtained the highest ROUGE-L score (0.265) and BERTScore F1 score (0.771) among all compared models. Expert assessment showed excellent inter-rater reliability, with all ICC(C,3) values exceeding 0.970. In a user evaluation involving 20 participants and 100 real-world questions, SmartMM received the largest number of first-place rankings (33), placing it among the top-performing systems overall. Conclusions: SmartMM showed strong domain adaptability in medical microbiology knowledge organization, semantic generation, and retrieval-augmented reasoning. These findings support its potential use in educational support, infectious disease knowledge assistance, and retrieval-enhanced medical question answering. Full article

Clinical image publications represent an important educational resource across healthcare disciplines, providing concise visual demonstrations of diseases, diagnostic findings, and therapeutic outcomes. Despite their widespread use, reporting practices remain highly heterogeneous, with substantial variability in the description of clinical context, image acquisition, ethical considerations, and educational content. Existing reporting guidelines, including the CARE Guidelines, do not specifically address the unique methodological and technical aspects of image-based publications. The aim of this study was to develop the IMAGE Statement (Improving Clinical Image Reporting Standards), a reporting guideline specifically designed for clinical image publications as an extension of the CARE Guidelines. The development process was informed by recommendations from the EQUATOR Network and included a literature review, analysis of journal instructions for authors, generation of candidate reporting items, and expert consensus. The resulting IMAGE Statement comprises 15 essential reporting items covering the title, patient information, clinical context, diagnostic assessment, image acquisition, image quality, image selection, image annotation, image description, diagnostic interpretation, final diagnosis, educational message, ethics and consent, artificial intelligence use disclosure, and figure legend. The IMAGE Statement provides a structured framework intended to improve completeness, transparency, reproducibility, educational value, and ethical reporting of clinical image publications across healthcare disciplines. Full article