Search Results (969)

We present a complete characterization of quantum channels covariant under the action of SU(2), a symmetry that arises naturally across a wide range of physical settings. By exploiting the constraints imposed by rotational symmetry, we derive the spectral decomposition of the associated Choi–Jamiołkowski operators and obtain explicit closed-form expressions for the corresponding Kraus operators. This unified framework provides a systematic approach to analyzing the structure and dynamics of SU(2)-covariant noise, with direct applications to quantum communication, information processing, and symmetry-constrained quantum protocols. Full article

The adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in highly regulated, domain-specific sectors is constrained by high computational costs, cloud dependency, and strict data privacy regulations. Furthermore, specific-domain knowledge is usually locked in static, unstructured document formats, preventing automated reasoning. To address these challenges, this study proposes a generalizable end-to-end pipeline for developing domain-specialized Small Language Models (SLMs) optimized for resource-constrained environments starting from unstructured data. To validate the proposed pipeline, Malaysian Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) in PDF format were used as a test case. The methodology systematically digitizes these unstructured data into a NoSQL database and employs an isomorphic teacher model to generate a strictly grounded synthetic instruction-tuning dataset. Through Quantized Low-Rank Adaptation (QLoRA) and 4-bit Post-Training Quantization (PTQ), a general-purpose model is transformed into a highly compressed, domain-specialized SLM, named SpecioSLM. Systematic workstation benchmarking across four candidate architectures identified the Microsoft Phi-3-Mini (3.8B) variant as the optimal model. The model achieved a throughput of 91.59 tokens per second (TPS), a Time to First Token (TTFT) of 0.17 s, and a semantic fidelity BERTScore of 90.27. A preliminary ARM64-based simulation is further conducted targeting a specific edge device to validate architectural and memory footprint viability. Full article

The Huize Ge-rich Pb-Zn deposit is an important part of the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn metallogenic area and is one of the most representative super-large deposits in the northeastern Yunnan Pb-Zn ore concentration area. The orebodies mainly occur in NE-trending interlayer fault zones. The Pb-Zn mineralization process of this deposit can be divided into the dolomite stage (I), sphalerite-galena stage (II), galena-sphalerite stage (III), and pyrite-calcite stage (IV). Based on a study of the deposit geology, we utilized LA-ICP-MS for in situ microanalysis of trace element compositions and element mapping of sphalerite from different stages to reveal the characteristics of the sphalerite trace element composition and occurrence mechanisms, understand the mineralization process, and constrain the genetic type of the deposit. This research shows that sphalerite color variations result from the multi-factor coupling of multiple trace element contents, element associations, and isomorphic substitutions among elements. Trace elements such as Mn, Fe, Cu, Ga, Ge, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, and Hg occur in the sphalerite lattice in the form of isomorphic substitutions or nanoscale mineral inclusions, whereas Pb occurs mainly as microscopic mineral inclusions (galena) in sphalerite. From the early to late stages of mineralization (SpI → SpII → SpIII), the mineralization temperature (132–205 °C) and sulfur fugacity (log₁₀ fS₂ = −15.29 to −19.89) both show a gradual decrease. During sphalerite crystallization in different stages, multiple trace elements exhibit coupled multi-element substitutions at the microscale: SpI: Zn²⁺ ↔ (Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, Cd²⁺), 2Zn²⁺ ↔ 2Ag⁺ + Ge²⁺; SpII: Zn²⁺ ↔ (Fe²⁺, Cd²⁺), 2Zn²⁺ ↔ 2Ag⁺ + Ge²⁺, 3Zn²⁺ ↔ 2Cu²⁺ + Ge²⁺, 3Zn²⁺ ↔ 2(Cu, Ag)²⁺ + Ge²⁺, 2Zn²⁺ ↔ Ga³⁺ + Cu⁺, 2Zn²⁺ ↔ Ga³⁺ + (Cu, Ag)⁺; and SpIII: Zn²⁺ ↔ (Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺), 3Zn²⁺ ↔ 2Cu²⁺ + Ge²⁺, 3Zn²⁺ ↔ 2(Cu, Ag)²⁺ + Ge²⁺). Mn, Fe, and Ge are mainly enriched in SpI; Ga and Ag are mainly enriched in SpII; and Cd is mainly enriched in both SpI and SpII. By comparing the sphalerite trace elements signature of the Huize Ge-rich deposit with those of global typical MVT, SEDEX, VMS, epithermal, and skarn-type Pb-Zn deposits, and considering the deposit’s geological and geochemical characteristics, we suggest that the Huize Pb-Zn deposit is best classified as a medium- to low-temperature, carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposit. Full article

In this note, we describe compatible Leibniz algebras and present several of their properties. Our aim is to present a comprehensive classification of non-Lie nilpotent compatible Leibniz algebras in low dimensions. By using the full classification of non-Lie nilpotent Leibniz algebras over the complex field of dimensions two, three, and four, in this note, our aim is to provide the classification of non-Lie nilpotent compatible Leibniz algebras over the complex field of dimensions two, three, and four. Consequently, we show that there is no isomorphism class in dimension two, there are 5 isomorphism classes in dimension three, and there are 134 isomorphism classes in dimension four. Full article

The local twitch response (LTR) elicited during ultrasound-guided fascial hydrorelease (FHR) is conventionally attributed to dysfunctional motor endplates. Recent observational data from a companion study suggest that LTR events may occur preferentially within stacking fascia—a histologically defined multilayered, densified region of deep fascia—at sites not directly attributable to motor endplate excitation. We propose the Fascial Capacitor Model: stacking fascia can be conceptually modeled as a multilayer biological capacitor in which collagen sublayers may act as electrodes and the interposed densified hyaluronic-acid (HA)-rich loose layer may act as the dielectric, with the LTR hypothesized to reflect a transient electrophysiological discharge when a needle bridges its layers. This biophysical model is grounded in the established molecular and histological architecture of human deep fascia, and the analogy is intended as one of structural isomorphism, rather than complete functional equivalence with engineered capacitor devices. Each premise is independently supported by the primary literature from at least eight research lines spanning roughly seventy years. The apparent gap between estimated bulk discharge voltages and motor neuron threshold is addressed by reconsidering needle-tip geometry and stimulation modality, anchored by the ±6 V triboelectric measurements. The pathological extension of the RC time constant in densified fascia—lengthening by several orders of magnitude and estimated to reach the millisecond range—is supported by empirical evidence from fibrotic extracellular matrices in other connective tissues, while tissue-specific in vivo measurements in fascia remain a future task. The model is positioned as the immediate-phase complement to the Fascial Memory Reset Hypothesis, provides a candidate mechanistic interpretation for intra-procedural symptom relief—an as-yet unquantified clinical observation awaiting formal patient-reported outcome (PRO) measurement in a prospective trial—and yields falsifiable predictions. A direct empirical validation program using insulating-needle recording of spontaneous electrical activity (SEA) is in preparation at the corresponding author’s institution. Full article

To address the challenge of quantifying multi-unit synergy effects in road-area high-entropy energy systems, this paper proposes a regional availability evaluation model based on synergy factors. In the revised model, regional availability is decomposed into the product of a capacity-weighted health baseline (capacity-weighted mean unit availability), weighted temporal synergy, and weighted spatial consistency coefficient. Capacity weights and pairwise coupling coefficients are introduced to extend the model from equal-capacity isomorphic units to heterogeneous road-area energy units. Simulation results demonstrate that the model can distinguish different synergy levels, and parameter sensitivity analysis verifies its robustness. An open-data-based quasi-real verification using Caltrans PeMS traffic records further shows that the model can process measured time-series inputs. The proposed model provides a theoretical basis for the regional-level operation evaluation of road-area energy systems. Full article

Morocco has developed one of the most comprehensive sustainability governance architectures among middle-income emerging economies, yet the relationship between its formal regulatory ambition and on-the-ground implementation effectiveness remains poorly understood. This narrative literature review provides an integrated, critically analytical account of Morocco’s sustainability governance system, organised around three interlocking dimensions: (i) a progressively strengthened legislative corpus anchored by the 2011 Constitution and Framework Law 99-12; (ii) a portfolio of national sustainability strategies aligning domestic policy with Paris Agreement commitments, Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); and (iii) corporate sustainability practices driven by regulatory obligations, international supply chain pressures, and ESG disclosure norms. Drawing on 124 sources, comprising 62 peer-reviewed articles, 38 legislative texts, and 24 institutional reports, and applying institutional isomorphism theory as an integrating analytical lens, the review advances three theoretical propositions concerning the conditions under which formal governance architectures translate into effective sustainability outcomes. It further proposes a validated conceptual framework and develops a comparative positioning of Morocco against peer economies (Tunisia, Egypt, South Africa, and Turkey). Critical implementation gaps are identified in enforcement capacity, SME integration, sustainability data infrastructure, and green finance, contributing a balanced and evidence-grounded assessment of Morocco’s sustainability transition. These findings offer actionable insights for policymakers, regulators, and business leaders operating in the Moroccan and broader African context. Full article

The Ramsey number $R\left(G\right)$ of a graph G without isolated vertices is the minimum order n of the complete graph $K_n$ for which every red-blue edge coloring results in a monochromatic subgraph isomorphic to G. The strong Ramsey number $\overline{R}(F,H)$ of two non-isomorphic graphs F and H without isolated vertices is the minimum positive integer n such that every red-blue coloring of $K_n$ results in two edge-disjoint monochromatic subgraphs, one isomorphic to F and the other isomorphic to H. The numbers $\overline{R}(F,H)$ have been determined for all pairs $F,H$ of non-isomorphic graphs F and H of size 3. Here, $\overline{R}(F,H)$ is determined for all pairs $F,H$ of non-isomorphic graphs F and H of size 4. In each case, it is shown that $\overline{R}(F,H)$ is either $max\left\{R\right(F),R(H\left)\right\}$ or $1+max\left\{R\right(F),R(H\left)\right\}$. Furthermore, $\overline{R}(F,H)$ has been determined for some special pairs $F,H$ of non-isomorphic graphs. Full article

We use the resonance (Papadima, Sociu, Aprodu and others) to study vector bundles E on a smooth curve X of genus g. Our key observation is that if we know it for a specific integer c, then we get strong information on X and E. Fix an integer $c\ge g+1$. Take genus g curves X and Y and vector bundles E on X and F on Y with the same ranks and degrees. Our main result is that if E and F are sufficiently positive and they have birational resonance in degree c, then X and Y have isomorphic Jacobians. We also study the resonance for a singular curve with arithmetic genus 1. Full article

The Wigner function plays a central role in QCD as a phase-space object encoding correlations among quarks, antiquarks, and gluons, yet its interpretation remains subtle due to its quasiprobabilistic nature and possible negativity. Recent work based on the Koopman–von Neumann–Sudarshan (KvNS) Hilbert space formulation of classical mechanics suggests the Wigner function arises as a quantum probability amplitude projected onto classical phase space, rather than a quasiprobability density. In the classical limit, this amplitude reduces to the classical Koopman wavefunction. In this work, we extend this perspective to relativistic QCD by constructing a Koopman description of the quark Wigner operator. We show that the Wigner operator is naturally isomorphic to a phase-space spinor, providing a unified framework in which both classical and quantum dynamics are expressed. Within this formulation, the Wigner function retains its interpretation as an amplitude even in the relativistic regime. This viewpoint clarifies the origin of negativity and other nonclassical features, and provides a more transparent foundation for parton distribution functions in QCD. Remarkably, the relativistic Koopman framework reproduces the classical limit of QCD. Full article

Driven by the digital transformation of territorial spatial governance, traditional urban planning is irreversibly shifting towards a data-driven empirical paradigm. However, constrained by mimetic isomorphism and path dependence, many geography-based regional universities remain trapped in an educational dilemma: they overemphasize morphological representation while marginalizing quantitative decision-making, fostering a structural mismatch between graduate competencies and industry demands. To explore a systematic pathway out of this dilemma, this study chronicles a three-year pedagogical intervention utilizing a mixed-methods design with a historical control cohort (N = 275) within the urban planning program of Gansu Agricultural University—a regional institution situated in a less-developed frontier where territorial renewal demands macro-spatial synthesis over aesthetic forms. The intervention strategically redefined the graduate competency profile as “spatial data analysts”, constructing a pedagogical model comprising foundational algorithmic training, cross-disciplinary faculty collaboration, and real-world Project-Based Learning (PBL), coupled with a restructured, evidence-based evaluation system. Longitudinal tracking and quantitative analyses indicate a structural alignment with elevated educational efficacy. At the macro level of employment trajectories, the proportion of graduates securing knowledge-intensive data positions experienced a structural shift, rising from a baseline of 14.5% to 42.5%, reflecting an enhanced capacity to capitalize on expanding societal demands. At the meso level of practical competence, the award rate in high-level professional competitions increased by 35.4%. At the micro cognitive level, the new evaluation mechanism is associated with a successful redirection of students’ cognitive resources toward algorithmic logic and policy translation (p < 0.001) while highly significantly enhancing their self-efficacy in tackling complex, wicked engineering problems (p < 0.001). Rather than isolating pure causal mechanics, this study interprets these systemic gains as a contextual realignment of academic supply. It provides a context-sensitive, reproducible methodological reference for cultivating professional distinctiveness and reshaping the spatial planning education system in the digital era. Full article

To support Industry 5.0 smart factories that require ultra-low latency and high reliability, this paper proposes a three-layer Intent-Based Zero-Touch Networking (IBZTN) pipeline. Existing Intent-Based Networking (IBN)/Zero-Touch Networking (ZTN) studies often remain conceptual, while Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based Quality of Service (QoS) prediction and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL)-based reconfiguration are usually developed as separate modules. The proposed pipeline connects natural-language intent translation, feasibility prediction, and minimal-modification reconfiguration through a validated QoS contract and feasibility-aware closed-loop structure. Layer 1 converts intents into quantitative QoS profiles by combining Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) with schema- and rule-based validation. Layer 2 evaluates feasibility using a Graph Isomorphism Network with Edge features (GINE)-based binary classifier. Layer 3 recovers infeasible states using a Behavior Cloning (BC) Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) agent with Smart Traffic Engineering (TE) masking. In experiments with 300 natural language intents, RAG+Validator reduced Layer 1 constraint violations to 0.0% for most evaluated cloud and local Large Language Models (LLMs). The Layer 2 predictor achieved a 93.9% F1-score, and Layer 3 achieved an 87.8% recovery success rate with 9.8 average modifications and 5.56 ms inference latency. These results demonstrate the simulation-level potential of IBZTN and motivate future hardware-in-the-loop validation in industrial networks. Full article

Industrial sensor systems are increasingly vulnerable to both physical anomalies and cyberattacks, while their collected time series typically present complex periodic and non-stationary characteristics, along with dynamic spatial dependencies among sensors. To address these issues, this paper proposes a dual-branch graph learning framework with frequency gating for simultaneous industrial sensor anomaly and cyberattack detection. The model first divides the input time series into multiple patches and decomposes each patch into periodic and non-stationary components via frequency analysis. Two graph isomorphism network branches, namely periodic GIN (P-GIN) and non-stationary GIN (NS-GIN), are designed to model the spatial dependencies of the two components separately, where the graph structure is adaptively learned using a Gaussian kernel-based mechanism. Furthermore, a frequency gating module is introduced in the non-stationary branch to enhance the representation of abnormal and attack-related features. Hierarchical temporal encoding is performed via intra-patch attention and inter-patch attention to capture both local and long-range temporal dependencies. Extensive experimental results on real-world industrial sensor datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior performance compared with state-of-the-art methods in both anomaly detection and cyberattack detection tasks. Full article

This study investigates the influence of isomorphous substitution of Aluminum by V, Zr, La, and Ni in Beta zeolite frameworks used as supports for Ni-based dry reforming of methane catalysts. The research focuses on how the nature of the incorporated metal affects catalytic activity and long-term stability. Catalysts were synthesized using both co-impregnation and sequential impregnation strategies. Physicochemical characterization—including gas adsorption, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and H₂ temperature-programmed reduction—revealed distinct structural roles for each metal. Results indicate that V primarily occupies T-vacancy sites within the dealuminated Beta framework, whereas Ni resides as charge-compensating extra-framework species or highly dispersed NiO clusters. Zr and La tend to form highly dispersed oxide species or occupy enlarged silanol nests. Notably, the addition of La₂O₃ was found to significantly enhance the long-term stability of the catalysts during the dry reforming of methane process. V-modified catalysts exhibited the highest activity but suffered from low stability; conversely, Zr incorporation offered the best overall performance, balancing high activity with enhanced stability, achieving 85% CO₂ and 75% CH₄ conversion, with no detectable carbon deposition after 98 h on stream. Full article

In this paper, we introduce and formalize the theory of Sheffer stroke hoop algebras, providing a minimal axiomatization for bounded hoop algebras utilizing a single binary operation. We systematically establish the fundamental algebraic properties of this novel structure, beginning with the logical independence of its core axioms. We equip the algebra with an induced partial order, proving it constitutes a well-defined ∧-semilattice, and demonstrate a bidirectional structural translation: bounded hoop algebras satisfying the Double Negation Property (DNP) can be equivalently expressed as Sheffer stroke hoop algebras, and vice versa. Furthermore, we investigate the internal algebraic architecture by introducing sub-algebras, filters, positive implicative filters, and ideals, rigorously establishing the inherent structural duality between filters and ideals. By proving that proper filters naturally induce full algebraic congruences, we successfully construct quotient Sheffer stroke hoop algebras. We characterize prime filters by demonstrating that a quotient algebra forms a chain if and only if its generating filter is prime. Finally, we complete the theoretical framework by establishing the Correspondence Theorem and the First Isomorphism Theorem, seamlessly embedding classical universal algebraic principles into the Sheffer stroke setting. Full article