Search Results (1,780)

Cyberbullying among Chinese social media users has been described in relation to hostile words, pragmatic meanings, group alignment, identity positioning, and platform-mediated amplification. This scoping review mapped the linguistic and behavioral mechanisms reported in English-language studies indexed in Scopus and Web of Science concerning target-directed harm in Chinese social media contexts. Following the Arksey and O’Malley framework, Levac refinements, and PRISMA-ScR guidance, searches of Scopus and Web of Science identified 592 records. The 2015–2025 publication-date criterion was applied during screening. After deduplication, screening, and full-text eligibility assessment, 19 sources were included. Data were charted and synthesized thematically across lexical and lexico-semantic features, pragmatic strategies, discursive processes, and platform conditions. Four patterns emerged: evaluative labeling and semantic degradation; indirect aggression conveyed through irony, metaphor, insinuation, and culturally situated meanings; participant alignment and identity construction associated with legitimized hostility; and repetition, visibility, and collective participation associated with amplified harmful communication. Within this indexed English-language evidence base, cyberbullying was recurrently represented as a cumulative communicative process in which linguistic actions acquired harmful force through interpretation, social positioning, and social and technological circulation. Effective identification therefore requires attention to contextual meaning, interactional sequences, target relations, and platform dynamics, rather than reliance on isolated offensive terms. The review offers a provisional behavioral–linguistic framework derived from this indexed English-language evidence base while identifying methodological, platform, language, and database gaps for future empirical research. Full article

Background/Objectives: Sickle cell thalassemia (HbSβ-thal) and related sickle cell disease (SCD) genotypes are associated with substantial maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity during pregnancy. This systematic review aimed to summarize pregnancy outcomes and clinical management strategies in women with HbSβ-thal and related hemoglobinopathies, with an additional narrative comparison to sickle cell trait (SCT)—a distinct, heterozygous, and generally benign carrier state that is not a form of SCD. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Scopus for studies published between 2016 and 2026 using terms related to sickle cell anemia, sickle cell disease, sickle cell thalassemia, HbS/beta-thalassemia, sickle cell trait, pregnancy outcomes, maternal complications, neonatal outcomes, fetal outcomes, and clinical/obstetric management. Studies reporting maternal, fetal, or neonatal outcomes were included, while letters, commentaries, conference abstracts, and presentations were excluded. Study selection followed PRISMA principles. Risk of bias was assessed using appropriate tools according to study design, including the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS), AMSTAR 2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews), SANRA (Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles), and CARE (CAse REport) guidelines. SCT terms were included in the same search strategy, so that SCT studies were retrieved and screened through the same PRISMA process and are reported as a prespecified comparator subgroup. Results: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria: ten reporting outcomes in HbSβ-thal and related SCD genotypes and four reporting outcomes in SCT. The most frequently reported maternal complications were severe anemia, vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs), preeclampsia, thromboembolic events, infections, acute chest syndrome, cesarean delivery, and postpartum complications, which led to a significant increase in hospitalization rates. Fetal and neonatal outcomes were also unfavorable, with increased rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, placental insufficiency, and neonatal intensive care admission. Placental vascular malperfusion and low maternal hemoglobin were important mechanisms underlying fetal growth restriction. By contrast, the included SCT literature suggested outcomes generally closer to the general obstetric population, with a smaller number of specific associations (e.g., preeclampsia, intrauterine fetal death) reported inconsistently across studies. Conclusions: Pregnancies complicated by HbSβ-thal and related hemoglobinopathies remain high-risk and require early identification, preconception counseling, multidisciplinary care, close antenatal surveillance, individualized transfusion strategies, and postpartum thromboprophylaxis when indicated. Prospective genotype-specific studies, particularly isolating HbSβ-thal from broader SCD cohorts, are needed to optimize evidence-based management. Full article

Background: Spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) is a rare disorder characterized by excessive epidural fat accumulation. Diagnosis may be challenging because imaging findings are frequently overlooked, and evidence-based management guidelines, particularly thoracic disease, remain limited. Case report: We present a case report of a 54-year-old male patient, who suffered from lower limb spastic paresis and associated muscle spasms (Nurick grade V). After a difficult diagnostic process, MRI of the thoracic spine confirmed dorsal/posterior spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL; Manjila grade IIb-α) extending from Th2 to Th9, with moderate thecal sac compression. A small Th6–Th7 intervertebral disc prolapse was also present, without evidence of scoliosis, syrinx, spinal cord edema, or myelomalacia. Following bilateral thoracic decompression and complete resection of the SEL tissue, the patient’s neurological function improved markedly, from Nurick grade V preoperatively to Nurick grade II at 11 months of follow-up. Consequently, bilateral laminectomy of the thoracic region was performed with total resection of the SEL tissue. Following surgery, the patient’s neurological symptoms improved markedly (Nurick grade II; 11 months postoperatively), and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of spinal epidural lipomatosis. Methods: We performed a systematic review of case reports of SEL occurring, or co-occurring in the thoracic region based on the literature identified on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, after using search terms: “(thoracic) AND (“spinal” OR “epidural”) AND (lipomatosis)” and filters: [English], [humans] and [year 2020–2026], with the accordance to the PRISMA guidelines. Results: We identified 21 cases of thoracic SEL from 19 articles. In 12 cases the patients were male, in 9 female. Reported etiological associations included type 1 diabetes mellitus, exogenous corticosteroid exposure, obesity/metabolic syndrome, Cushing syndrome, and CLOVES syndrome. Given the small, case-report-based sample, these findings should be considered reported associations rather than estimates of prevalence or independent risk factors. Surgical treatment of thoracic SEL can be accomplished by various techniques such as laminectomy (continuous or skip), laminoplasty, or minimally invasive procedures—including endoscopic spine surgery. Conclusions: Large-volume, multicenter studies with long-term clinico-radiological follow-up would be necessary to understand the natural history and treatment outcomes, and to form evidence-based guidelines for interventions. Our case report and findings highlight that thoracic SEL should be included in the differential diagnosis of unexplained compressive myelopathy, even when imaging studies are inconclusive. Rapid identification or possibly reversible causes of myelopathy and initiation of treatment can significantly relieve symptoms, so it is important to remember this disease in the diagnostic process. Full article

Mollusk-derived peptides are an expanding class of marine bioactive molecules that link food-protein utilization with pharmaceutical peptide discovery. They are derived from taxonomically and biologically diverse sources such as edible gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods and highly modified conopeptides from cone snails. However, there is a lack of integrated understanding of sources, structures and functions of these peptides and their potential applications in food science, pharmacology, and venom research. In this review, the current knowledge related to mollusk-derived peptides from a food–pharma perspective is summarized, including taxonomic sources, tissue substrates, enzymatic hydrolysis, purification, sequence identification, reported bioactivities and structure–function relationships. The peptides derived from food are primarily short linear peptides from muscle, mantle, viscera, collagen, gelatin and processing by-products. These peptides have mainly been investigated for antioxidant, Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, mineral-binding, gut-health, and metabolic activities. However, the biological functions of endogenous peptides and peptides from cone snails are often associated with cysteine-rich scaffolds and disulfide connectivity and post-translational modifications that confer antimicrobial activity, neuromodulation, and receptor selectivity. For these systems, the activity depends not on any single parameter but on the peptide length, amino acid sequence, charge distribution, hydrophobicity, amphipathicity, secondary structure and chemical modifications. Further progress requires improved sequence-level validation, mechanism-driven bioassays, in vivo and clinical evidence, safety assessment, and feasible purification and delivery strategies for mollusk peptides into functional foods, nutraceuticals and peptide-based therapeutics. Full article

Mycotoxins are widespread contaminants in animal feeds and continue to pose serious threats to animal welfare, production efficiency, food security, and sustainable economic growth worldwide. Chickens are highly susceptible to multiple mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins (AFLs), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FBs), zearalenone (ZEA), ochratoxin A (OTA), and T-2 toxin. Exposure to these toxins can damage intestinal integrity, compromise immune functions, impair nutrient absorption, and ultimately reduce production efficiency even at subclinical concentrations. Conventional mycotoxin detection methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and chromatographic techniques, provide accurate quantification but remain expensive, labor-intensive, time-consuming, and inefficient for large-scale screening, particularly when masked mycotoxins are present. The frequent co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins further complicates risk assessment and effective management. Emerging analytical technologies, including hyperspectral imaging, biosensors, Internet of Things (IoT)-based platforms, and machine-learning algorithms, offer promising advancements for rapid detection and predictive risk forecasting. This review summarizes the toxicological impacts of major mycotoxins on poultry, outlines critical challenges in detection and prevention, and evaluates current artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) approaches for mycotoxin identification, prediction, and management. A systematic literature search conducted across PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar identified 176 unique studies published between 2010 and 2026. Key knowledge gaps include limited availability of high-quality datasets and source code, inconsistent model interpretability, and poor reproducibility across production environments. By integrating conventional toxicology with data-driven approaches, this review highlights how predictive modeling can strengthen mycotoxin surveillance and support proactive mitigation strategies in modern poultry production systems. Full article

Gold nanoparticles have become increasingly important because of their broad range of applications, especially in healthcare and life sciences. Hence, there is a growing need for greener synthesis methods that are both accessible and robust. Syntheses of gold nanoparticles remain nonetheless challenging. The formation mechanism(s) are often complex, requiring careful control of multiple variables to reliably produce nanoparticles with the desired properties. In this study, we explore a green bottom-up synthesis approach for the formation of gold nanoparticles using the flavonoid catechin as both the reducing and stabilizing agent. To systematically investigate the synthesis conditions, a design of experiments (DOE) framework was employed. A full factorial screening design was first used to assess the effect of three, two-level experimental variables on the experimental outcomes, followed by central composite optimization design to assess the effect of the remaining two, three-level experimental variables on experimental outcomes. Multivariate statistical analysis allowed for the identification of experimental variables with a statistically significant impact and provided mechanistic insight into the role of catechin as a reducing and stabilizing agent, facilitating synthesis optimization. The optimization model demonstrated predictive capability within the range of conditions tested. Full article

Background: Iatrogenic injuries of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and lingual nerve (LN) are among the most relevant complications in oral surgery. Although most cases show spontaneous recovery, a significant proportion of patients develop persistent post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathies (PTNs). The aim of this narrative review is to critically analyze current diagnostic approaches for IAN and LN injuries, highlighting the limitations of conventional assessment tools and evaluating the potential role of emerging neurophysiological and imaging techniques in improving early diagnosis, prognostic stratification and medico-legal management. Methods: A structured narrative review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science for English-language studies published up to 23 March 2026. Evidence on trigeminal nerve injuries, neurosensory assessment, quantitative sensory testing (QST), advanced imaging techniques and medico-legal implications was qualitatively synthesized. Results: The prognosis of iatrogenic PTNs of both IAN and LN is influenced by the severity of nerve injury and the timing of diagnosis and management. Although conventional neurosensory testing (NST) is widely used in the clinical assessment of trigeminal nerve injuries, its ability to objectively characterize the extent and severity of nerve damage is limited. Complementary neurophysiological and quantitative sensory approaches may provide additional functional information, while magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) offers direct structural assessment of the injured nerve. Early objective identification of nerve injury may support prognostic evaluation and timely clinical decision-making. Conclusions: An integrated approach combining clinical assessment, neurophysiology and advanced imaging is essential for early characterization of iatrogenic trigeminal nerve injuries. MRN may provide structural information, contributing to early stratification of injury severity. Quantitative sensory and neurophysiological techniques may complement conventional clinical testing. These diagnostic advances may also have important medico-legal implications, as delayed diagnosis may lead to loss of therapeutic opportunity and increased professional liability. Full article

Introduction: Dating violence is an early form of intimate partner violence characterized by controlling behaviors, psychological and sexual abuse, and digital coercion. Despite its high prevalence among adolescents and young adults, it remains underrecognized and insufficiently addressed in healthcare settings. Nurses are strategically positioned to identify and respond to dating violence due to their close contact with patients and holistic approach to care. However, important gaps remain between existing protocols and their implementation in clinical practice. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted within a constructivist paradigm as part of a multicenter research project on dating violence among health sciences university students. Twelve experts, including nurses, healthcare professionals, and representatives of survivor-led organizations, participated in focus groups and reflective journals between September and December 2025 at the University of Barcelona. Data were analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological approach, with inductive thematic analysis guiding coding and theme development. Methodological rigor was ensured following the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). Ethical approval was obtained. Results: Four themes emerged: (1) barriers to identification, including the normalization of controlling behaviors, myths of romantic love, and limited recognition of psychological and digital violence; (2) challenges in nursing responses, such as insufficient training, clinical uncertainty, organizational barriers, and lack of screening tools; (3) identification strategies, including systematic screening, relationship-centered interviewing, emotional education, and recognition of subtle warning signs; and (4) actions following identification, focused on validation, confidentiality, risk assessment, interdisciplinary referral, and ongoing support. Conclusions: Findings highlight the need to update protocols to explicitly address digital violence and strengthen nursing-led interventions. Participants emphasized the need for enhanced professional training, context-appropriate screening tools, and intersectoral collaboration as potential strategies to improve the identification and response to dating violence. Full article

With the increase in global fishing activities, the transparency of fishery data has drawn increasing attention. Data transparency enables stakeholders to play a greater role in ensuring that fisheries are legal, ethical, and sustainable. Improving the transparency of fishing vessel data can effectively support vessel monitoring and enhance fishery safety. This paper presents a systematic review of satellite remote sensing modalities and datasets currently available for fishing vessel identification and monitoring. Conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this study employs a dual-track search strategy to retrieve, screen, and synthesize academic literature and public datasets from mainstream databases, including the Web of Science Core Collection, IEEE Xplore, and CNKI. First, the existing remote sensing modalities were classified into three major categories based on their imaging principles: synthetic aperture radar (SAR), optical remote sensing, and nighttime light (NTL) remote sensing. In addition, the mainstream satellite data sources and their corresponding parameters were summarized for each category. Second, an in-depth comparative analysis of these remote sensing modalities is conducted from core dimensions such as target detection sensitivity, robustness under complex environments and meteorological conditions, and spatiotemporal resolution. This reveals the performance limitations and significant complementarity of different sensor data in fishing vessel detection. Finally, mainstream remote sensing datasets for fishing vessels (such as xView3-SAR, xView, and VBD) are summarized and evaluated, pointing out the gaps in certain types of datasets. In conclusion, this paper suggests that building a “full spatiotemporal and multi-scale” observation framework based on multi-source heterogeneous data fusion is an important trend for the future development of fishing vessel detection using remote sensing, aiming to provide a reference for relevant researchers. Full article

Background: Due to the rise in Alzheimer disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (AD/ADRD) in an aging population, millions of caregivers will be at risk for physical and mental health decline. As those they care for already have physical and cognitive impairment, it is crucial that caregivers maintain health-promoting behaviors. Because regular physical activity (PA) prevents functional loss and improves physical health and well-being, understanding how to help caregivers adopt and sustain PA despite unique time, caregiving, and self-efficacy barriers is a pressing public-health priority. Existing health-promoting interventions among dementia caregivers, including PA, have demonstrated limited success. To overcome the fragmentation and slow synthesis of behavioral science evidence, the Human Behavior-Change Project advocates theoretical grounding, systematic mapping of intervention components (e.g., behavior change techniques [BCTs]) using standardized taxonomies, and explicit specification of mechanisms of behavior change (MoBCs). Objective: To examine the limited success of health-promotion interventions among dementia caregivers we aimed to conduct a narrative review to synthesize evidence from interventions that evaluated PA in dementia caregivers across three domains: (1) use of behavioral theory to inform intervention design, (2) specification of BCTs, and (3) identification and measurement of MoBCs. Methods: Two scientific databases were searched to identify representative studies and reviews, using key terms including “physical activity”, “intervention”, “dementia”, and “caregiver” from inception to July 2025. Results: Seven primary intervention trials and six reviews were selected for inclusion. Gaps across the domains were identified to inform priority areas for future research. Conclusions: There is a need to develop tailored, theory-driven PA interventions that target empirically supported BCTs and MoBCs to improve dementia caregivers’ health and well-being. Full article

Autoregressive models with exogenous variables (ARX) constitute a fundamental family of time series tools with broad applicability across engineering, environmental science, and finance. A persistent limitation of standard Bayesian treatments is the Gaussian error assumption, which frequently proves inadequate when dealing with real data displaying heavy tails or occasional extreme observations. To overcome this shortcoming, the present paper develops a complete Bayesian inferential framework for ARX models under the scale-mixtures of normal (SMN) error distribution, integrating model identification, parameter estimation, and multi-step-ahead prediction within a unified scheme. A stochastic search variable selection (SSVS) procedure is adapted to perform simultaneous selection of the autoregressive order and the active exogenous regressors by assigning binary latent indicators to each candidate coefficient. Mixture-of-normals priors are specified for the dynamic and exogenous coefficients and an inverse-gamma prior for the error scale, while Bernoulli priors govern the latent selection indicators. These choices yield tractable full conditional posterior distributions: multivariate normal for the complete coefficient vector, inverse-gamma for the scale, and Bernoulli for the indicators. The conditional predictive distribution of future observations is also multivariate normal. For SMN-specific mixing parameters whose conditionals lack standard forms, Metropolis–Hastings steps are embedded within the Gibbs sampler. An extensive simulation study evaluates recovery accuracy across three SMN distributions and several ARX configurations. The methodology is then applied to the forecasting of daily global horizontal irradiance (GHI) in Najran, southwestern Saudi Arabia, using clear-sky GHI as an exogenous covariate, demonstrating the practical value of the proposed framework in a renewable energy context. Full article

Bovine bacterial mastitis remains a major challenge for the dairy industry, and timely identification of causative bacteria is essential for effective disease management. This study compared six regions of the 16S rRNA gene for PCR high-resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis to identify the most suitable target for species-level differentiation of mastitis-associated bacteria. A total of 547 clinical bovine milk samples from cows with clinical mastitis were cultured, and representative isolates of 18 bacterial species were selected for comparative analysis. Species identity was confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) prior to molecular analysis. All six primer pair combinations were tested across the 18 species panel, and discriminatory performance was assessed using a genotype confidence percentage (GCP)-based classification model that allowed for objective interpretation without visual inspection. Among the six target regions, the 203 bp amplicon generated by primer pair F1R1, spanning the V1-to-V2 region and part of V3, showed the strongest overall discriminatory performance with no cross-classification observed. Sequencing of F1R1 amplicons confirmed species identity and showed concordance with HRM-based classification. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences from this region showed clustering broadly consistent with established taxonomic relationships. Proof-of-concept testing showed that the workflow could also be applied to DNA extracted directly from selected milk samples without prior bacterial isolation. Overall, this approach provides a rapid, cost-effective, and high-throughput method for preliminary discrimination of mastitis-associated bacteria. Full article

Fresh cheeses are highly perishable dairy products due to their high moisture content, pH, and other intrinsic characteristics that support microbial growth. This scoping review synthesized the available evidence on spoilage-associated bacteria in fresh cow cheeses, the physicochemical and sensory changes associated with spoilage, and the methods for their identification and quantification. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF). Literature searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, and Google Scholar through 2 April 2026. Of 7379 records identified, 30 studies met the inclusion criteria. Across the reviewed studies, Pseudomonas spp. emerged as the predominant spoilage-associated bacteria, followed by members of the Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and spore-forming bacteria. Total viable count was the microbiological indicator most frequently used to monitor spoilage progression. Microbial spoilage was consistently associated with acidification, proteolysis, lipolysis, discoloration, gas production, texture deterioration, and reduced sensory acceptability. These findings highlight the central role of psychrotrophic bacteria in the spoilage of fresh cow cheeses and emphasize the importance of microbiological monitoring and spoilage-control strategies throughout production and storage. Full article

Reliable state identification is essential for intelligent flotation control because recovery, concentrate grade, entrainment, and mineral losses are only partially observable online. This systematic review examines field instrumentation, online analyzers, froth imaging, temporal synchronization, machine-vision methods, multimodal soft sensing, and the engineering requirements that determine whether a predictive model can operate as an industrial sensor. Scopus and Web of Science publications from 2021 to June 2026 were screened using a PRISMA-based protocol. The systematic evidence base includes 98 peer-reviewed technical studies published between 2021 and June 2026, and two PRISMA methodological publications are used to ensure the methodology for presenting the review. Additional methodological and contextual sources cited outside the systematic body of evidence are not included in the number of studies reflected in PRISMA. The evidence shows that machine vision is the most mature non-contact sensing approach, supporting bubble-size measurement, froth-velocity estimation, operating-state recognition, grade prediction, and visual monitoring. Current research is shifting from handcrafted descriptors toward convolutional, transformer, self-supervised, graph-based, temporal, and multimodal models. However, predictive accuracy alone does not demonstrate industrial readiness when camera geometry, illumination, contamination, delay compensation, temporal leakage, domain shift, uncertainty, inference latency, and SCADA/PLC integration are not evaluated. A five-dimensional Sensor Readiness Index is proposed to assess metrological validity, temporal integrity, validation rigor, operational robustness, and automation integration. The review defines the principal requirements for reliable industrial deployment of flotation sensing systems. Full article

This study constructs a network data envelopment analysis model to assess the eco-efficiency of the governance–production nexus, revealing traditional “black box” measurements’ internal processes. It uses data from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) for 2011–2023 to decompose eco-efficiency into government governance and production efficiencies, identifying the influencing factors and their mediating pathways using a random panel Tobit model. We found that: (1) Traditional “black box” measurements using a limited number of indicators tend to underestimate eco-efficiency. (2) Considering the governance–production nexus, the YRD’s eco-efficiency exhibits an evolutionary pattern of “initial decline–subsequent recovery–renewed decline.” Regional differences converged during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas they exhibited “polarization” characteristics during non-pandemic periods. (3) The average levels of government governance and production efficiencies are similar, indicating a relatively balanced contribution to eco-efficiency. (4) Unlike science and technology (S&T) expenditure, education expenditure, industrial structure upgrading, and economic density have significant positive effects on eco-efficiency. Mechanism identification reveals that education expenditure, industrial upgrading, and S&T expenditure affect eco-efficiency through the production process, whereas economic density operates through the government governance process. This study clarifies eco-efficiency levels and improvement pathways by revealing internal processes and distinguishing between the government governance and production stages. Full article