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Battery-based electrification is increasingly recognised as a key pathway for reducing greenhouse-gas emissions in maritime transport, particularly for vessel segments characterised with short, predictable operation profiles. To ensure an environmentally sustainable transition, it is essential to quantify the potential environmental benefits of these solutions. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), standardised by ISO 14040 and ISO 14044, is the internationally recognised methodology for evaluating environmental impacts across the entire life cycle and for consistently comparing options providing the same function. This study presents a methodological review of LCA applications to battery-based ship electrification, with the objective of analysing key assumptions, comparability issues, and limitations across the existing literature. A systematic review was conducted on 24 studies, focusing on core methodological aspects, including product system definition, functional unit selection, system boundaries, life cycle inventory modelling, and impact assessment methods, while considering contextual elements such as fleet segmentation and propulsion configurations to support the interpretation of methodological choices. The analysis reveals significant methodological heterogeneity across studies, particularly in product-system definitions, functional unit selection, modelling detail, and impact category coverage, which limits cross-study comparability. This review also highlights a strong concentration of applications on short-route passenger ferries, while other vessel categories remain underrepresented, further constraining the generalisability of the findings. Although a direct quantitative comparison of results is not methodologically appropriate due to this heterogeneity, climate change mitigation consistently emerges as a key benefit across the analysed studies. At the same time, the multi-impact perspective of LCA highlights relevant trade-offs related to material use, toxicity, and resource depletion. Overall, the findings underline the need for more harmonised methodological approaches and a holistic life cycle perspective to support robust and comparable environmental assessments as battery-based solutions expand within the maritime sector. This review provides a structured interpretation of methodological variability and identifies priorities for future LCA applications. Full article

Promoting farmers’ adoption of sustainable agricultural practices is essential for advancing agricultural green transformation and ecological conservation in the Poyang Lake Basin. Current research frequently relies on a single theoretical perspective and insufficiently reveals the synergistic mechanism linking knowledge conversion, psychological cognition, and institutional support. This study integrates the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Organizational Support Theory (OST) to construct a holistic “knowledge–psychology–behavior–institution” analytical framework. Based on a questionnaire survey of 485 farmers from 12 districts and counties surrounding Poyang Lake, we use structural equation modeling and the Process macro to examine direct effects, mediating effects, and the moderating role of government support. The results show that sustainable knowledge sharing and application significantly improve farmers’ behavioral intention through attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, thereby positively promoting actual sustainable practices. Government support plays a significant positive moderating role in the translation of knowledge and psychological factors into behavioral intention. This study enriches the theoretical interpretation of farmers’ pro-environmental behavior from the synergistic perspective of individual cognition and external institutional constraints. The findings provide empirical support for local governments to optimize agricultural extension services, improve policy support systems, and promote coordinated development between ecological protection and high-quality agriculture. Full article

The Mediterranean diet is widely recognized as one of the most robust dietary patterns for the prevention of chronic diseases, yet its health effects cannot be fully understood without considering the culinary practices and cultural contexts that shape food preparation and consumption. In this context, we propose the concept of Mediterranean Culinary Medicine, defined as the application of culinary medicine principles within the Mediterranean dietary model, integrating evidence-based nutrition with traditional ingredients, cooking techniques, and meal patterns. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies to examine how culinary practices may influence the nutritional quality, bioavailability of bioactive compounds, and overall health effects of the Mediterranean diet, although the strength of evidence varies across domains, with particular attention to home cooking, traditional cooking techniques, and extra virgin olive oil. We also explore the biological pathways, suggested by a combination of experimental findings and observational evidence, through which culinary practices may modulate metabolic health, including inflammation, glycemic response, and gut microbiota, as well as their potential application in addressing disease-related eating limitations such as sensory alterations, dysphagia, malnutrition, and food allergies, for example, through texture modification or flavor enhancement strategies. Finally, we highlight the social, cultural, and environmental dimensions of Mediterranean Culinary Medicine, emphasizing its role as a holistic and culturally grounded approach that facilitates the translation of Mediterranean dietary principles into sustainable and practical dietary behaviors. Overall, available evidence suggests that culinary practices are a relevant but still underexplored component of the Mediterranean diet, with the potential to improve dietary adherence and nutritional quality. However, current evidence remains heterogeneous and largely based on experimental and observational studies, highlighting the need for longitudinal and intervention studies to clarify their long-term health impact. Full article

As global education steps into a new era marked by core literacy and sustainable development, teacher literacy has become a critical pillar for fulfilling United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) and advancing Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Guided by the Educator Spirit and based on the logical framework of dual professional roles and four professional relationships, this study constructs a teacher literacy model for Chinese teachers in the new era, which consists of seven dimensions: disciplinary literacy, general literacy, learning support literacy, holistic education literacy, communication and collaboration literacy, development and improvement literacy, and teacher ethics literacy. Adopting systematic literature review and international comparative research methods, this study integrates mainstream international teacher literacy frameworks issued by the European Union, OECD, UNESCO, the United States and Australia with China’s educational policies and practical experience to establish the proposed model. It further elaborates how the model directs sustainability-oriented teacher education, facilitates transformative teaching approaches, boosts interdisciplinary teaching practice, highlights social justice and global citizenship awareness, and embeds sustainable development principles into curriculum design and teaching practice. This model can effectively tackle prevailing practical dilemmas including teachers’ weakened professional identity, vague professional development paths, unitary evaluation systems, inadequate digital teaching competence, insufficient interdisciplinary integration capacity, deficient ESD literacy and inefficient collaborative education mechanisms. It can systematically support teachers in carrying out sustainability-oriented teaching, innovating curriculum design, conducting transformative teaching and promoting students’ sustainable learning while practicing social justice and educational equity and cultivating global citizenship awareness in educational scenarios. It also provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for promoting the transition of Chinese teachers toward high-quality, professional and sustainable development, and also offers localized solutions with distinctive Chinese characteristics and universal international implications for the implementation of global ESD initiatives and the achievement of SDG 4. Full article

Traditional wooden granaries in rural Türkiye are disappearing at an accelerating rate due to agricultural abandonment, rural depopulation, and the absence of systematic documentation and conservation frameworks. In the Sındırgı district of Balıkesir, one of the richest concentrations of vernacular granary architecture in the Marmara Region, these structures remain largely unprotected and unstudied within a sustainable design framework, constituting an urgent conservation challenge. This study aims to assess the current preservation status of Sındırgı granaries, classify their typological diversity, and evaluate their sustainability performance against a defined set of ecological design criteria. A mixed methods approach was employed, combining a systematic literature review with extensive fieldwork across 33 neighborhoods. In total, 1411 granaries were identified and grouped into five typologies: evli, Simav, kabak, sandık, and üstü örtülü sandık. These typologies were systematically compared to five parameters: spatial distribution across neighborhoods, plan and section geometry, construction system and structural elements, material selection and condition, and preservation status. This comparison revealed that typological variation is not incidental but directly reflects differences in land ownership, agricultural production capacity, topography, and distance from the district center. Representative examples from each typology were documented through onsite measurements, photogrammetry, technical drawings, and interviews with local craftsmen. The sustainability performance of the granaries was then assessed across seven ecological design criteria: spatial organization, building form design, structural element design, material use and conservation, design with nature, urban design area planning, and nature interaction. The findings demonstrate that the long-term durability of these structures depends on an interrelated system of climate-responsive design decisions rather than any single factor. The study concludes by proposing a holistic conservation model comprising typology-based inventory, roof water moisture-focused intervention, periodic monitoring, and transmission of vernacular building knowledge, a framework applicable to comparable rural granary heritage across the region. Full article

Mobile payment services are increasingly embedded in everyday digital consumption, yet their sustainability relevance should not be assumed solely from technological adoption. This study conceptualizes sustainable mobile payment consumption as a relational and digital sustainability issue, reflected in the continuity, trust, diffusion, and resilience of mobile payment ecosystems rather than as a direct measure of environmental sustainability. Drawing on perceived value theory, relationship marketing, social exchange theory, and trust-based consumption logic, this study examines how mobile payment perceived value (MPPV) is associated with customer advocacy through customer experience and customer loyalty, while considering customer trust as a boundary condition. Survey data collected from 382 mobile payment users in Lebanon were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings suggest that MPPV is positively associated with customer experience, customer loyalty, and customer advocacy. Customer experience is positively associated with loyalty while loyalty is positively associated with advocacy. The sequential mediation results are consistent with the proposed relational pathway in which holistic perceived value is linked to advocacy through experience and loyalty rather than through transactional evaluations alone. Customer trust strengthens the associations between MPPV and both loyalty and advocacy, suggesting that trust amplifies value-based relational outcomes in high-uncertainty financial environments. The central finding is that holistic perceived value becomes sustainability-relevant when channeled through accumulated experience and loyalty into advocacy, and that this relational pathway is contingent on trust, a mechanism particularly consequential in Lebanon’s high-uncertainty financial environment. By positioning advocacy as a sustainability-relevant relational outcome, this study clarifies how perceived value, experience, loyalty, and trust jointly contribute to sustainable digital consumption in an emerging economy. Full article

This study explores the relationships among climate change, food security, economic growth, and migration in the nine countries with the lowest rankings on the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN) Index. It identifies the most vulnerable countries to climate change and the least prepared, using panel data from 1999 to 2022. The results show a bidirectional causal relationship between climate change and food security. Climate change worsens food insecurity by reducing agricultural productivity, which in turn drives up food prices. Conversely, agricultural policies aimed at increasing production can contribute to climate change if implemented unsustainably. A bidirectional causal relationship has been identified between climate change, food security, and migration. Finally, a bidirectional causal relationship has also been determined between economic growth, climate change, and migration. Changes in economic growth affect sectors, the labor market, and overall well-being, which in turn influence migration decisions. All these findings provide policymakers with valuable guidance for developing sustainable strategies that consider climate change, effectively manage migration, and prioritize food security. The findings indicate that climate change, food security, economic growth, and migration cannot be addressed in isolation; therefore, a holistic policy approach should be adopted. Full article

Background: Specialized palliative care requires nursing professionals to address the complex physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs of patients with advanced incurable illness. This study aimed to assess the perceived adequacy of formal educational preparation among nurses working in specialized palliative care services in the Republic of Croatia and examine its association with self-assessed knowledge and the perceived need for additional education. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted among nursing professionals employed in specialized palliative care services across Croatia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, perceived adequacy of formal education, self-assessed knowledge, as well as the need for additional education in physical, psychological, social and spiritual care domains. An Educational Sufficiency Discrepancy Index (ESDI) was calculated to quantify the difference between perceived educational sufficiency and continuing education needs. For inferential statistics significance was set at p < 0.05 (two-tailed). Results: Among the 194 nursing professionals who participated in the study, perceived educational sufficiency was highest in the physical domain (87.5%), where it exceeded the reported need for additional education (31.6%). Negative discrepancies were observed in social (−12.9) and spiritual care (−17.6), indicating perceived educational deficits. Representation of physical care content in formal education was significantly associated with higher self-assessed knowledge across several domains (physical p < 0.001; psychological p = 0.008; social p < 0.001; spiritual p = 0.008). No significant associations were found between self-assessed knowledge and age, work experience or level of education. Conclusions: Formal nursing education alone may not fully meet the multidimensional competency requirements of specialized palliative care practice. Strengthening structured continuing professional development, particularly in psychosocial and spiritual care, may support holistic palliative care delivery and sustained professional competence. Full article

Although heritage reconstruction can effectively restore physical form, the regeneration of living cultural experience remains theoretically underexplored in heritage tourism scholarship. This study introduces the concept of post-reconstruction experiential disjunction (PRED)—the structural misalignment among reconstructed material form, historically embedded cultural scripts, and the embodied practices of contemporary visitors—and develops the Material–Script–Practice (MSP) framework around it. Taking Yuyuan Garden (愚园) in Nanjing as an empirical case, a mixed-methods design combines online discourse analysis, field observation, and a questionnaire survey (N = 300). Findings reveal that Cultural Script most strongly predicts disjunction mitigation—a four-item scale capturing visitors’ holistic sense of experiential connectivity (α = 0.832), followed by Material Form; Embodied Practice contributes comparatively little. Photographers show significantly lower mitigation levels than other groups, owing to structural conflicts between professional visual practice and the cultural logic of classical garden space. The MSP framework reveals a weighted hierarchy among its three dimensions: a finding that extends and empirically specifies the theoretical insights of Lefebvre’s spatial triad and Edensor’s heritage performance theory, neither of which typically foregrounds differential explanatory weight among their constituent elements. When cultural scripts offer accessible meaning pathways for visitors of diverse backgrounds, heritage spaces can move beyond formal reconstruction toward experiential reconstitution, sustaining the conditions for long-term heritage preservation. Full article

AI literacy is a fundamental competency for preventing social exclusion, yet its integration into rural education is hindered by a double divide: the reliance of current tools on unavailable connectivity and their mismatch with the heterogeneous realities of rural classrooms, including multigrade settings. This study evaluates a purpose-built offline mobile application through participatory workshops with 96 rural teachers in Los Lagos, Chile, using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and inductive thematic analysis. The application achieved acceptable usability (SUS = 76.1, SD = 16.3), with teachers perceiving it as responsive to classroom heterogeneity (92.0%, $n=81$ of 88) and as promoting AI concept understanding (95.6%, $n=65$ of 68). Qualitative analysis revealed a substantial digital gap: teachers identified hardware scarcity and deficiencies, unstable infrastructure, and the absence of specialized training as primary barriers. These findings suggest that while the application addresses immediate connectivity and pedagogical constraints, sustainable AI literacy in rural schools requires a holistic strategy combining purpose-built tools with infrastructure investment and teacher training. Full article

The increasing demand for sustainable industrial practices has intensified the search for manufacturing processes that minimize environmental impacts without compromising technical performance or economic viability. In this context, powder metallurgy has emerged as a promising alternative in mechanical manufacturing due to its potential for raw material reuse, waste reduction, lower energy consumption, and near-net-shape production. However, despite the growing body of research on this topic, there is still a lack of a comprehensive and integrated framework that systematically organizes and correlates the factors influencing sustainability across environmental, economic, and social dimensions, which limits a holistic understanding of the process. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and classify the main factors affecting sustainability in powder metallurgy. A Systematic Literature Review was conducted following the PRISMA method, using the Scopus, Web of Science and Wiley databases. The initial search identified 1753 articles, of which 56 were selected after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis considers the three pillars of sustainability and examines how variables related to raw materials, energy consumption, processing technologies, waste reuse, product performance, and operational conditions influence process sustainability. The results enable the identification of the most recurrent factors in the literature and support the development of a structured theoretical framework, contributing to a more integrated understanding of sustainability in powder metallurgy. Full article

This study explores how concepts related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are represented in upper-primary school textbooks, with a focus on identifying patterns of inclusion, emphasis, and conceptual balance. Using a qualitative content evaluation approach, this study examines textbooks across Grades 4–6 to assess how sustainability is framed through environmental, social, and economic lenses. The analysis reveals that sustainability is predominantly presented through environmental themes such as natural resource conservation and ecological awareness, while social dimensions—particularly those related to inclusion, equity, and participation—are only partially addressed. Economic aspects, including financial literacy, responsible consumption, and entrepreneurship, appear marginal or implicit. The findings suggest that although sustainability is present in the curriculum, it is not consistently articulated as an integrated, multidimensional framework. Instead, it is conveyed as a set of fragmented themes, with stronger emphasis on environmental knowledge than on social responsibility or economic preparedness. This imbalance may shape students’ early understanding of sustainability in a limited way, emphasizing care for nature while underrepresenting its broader societal and economic implications. This study highlights the need for a more coherent and balanced integration of SDG concepts in primary education to support holistic sustainability literacy from an early stage. Full article

Change detection is a fundamental task in remote sensing with broad applications in urban monitoring, agriculture, watershed management, and land use and land cover analysis. In urban environments, accurate change detection is particularly critical for resource management, urban planning, and smart city development. Rapid urbanization has led to frequent and complex changes in buildings, which constitute key structural components of cities. Consequently, continuous and precise monitoring of building dynamics is essential for informed decision-making related to urban growth, environmental assessment, traffic management, and sustainable development. This paper presents a comprehensive review of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) change detection methods applied to urban areas. Conventional and advanced approaches are systematically analyzed, and their strengths and limitations are critically discussed from a holistic perspective. Special emphasis is placed on recent learning-based techniques, which demonstrate enhanced robustness and accuracy in complex urban environments. Finally, current challenges and future research directions are identified to support the further development of effective 2D and 3D urban change detection methods. Full article

The 15-min neighborhood paradigm has reshaped the evaluation system of urban pedestrian mobility, shifting pedestrian network assessment from single facility supply to holistic topological structural analysis. Structural fracture of pedestrian systems has thus become a prominent challenge restricting high-quality sustainable urban travel and neighborhood renewal. Existing studies mainly focus on macroscopic accessibility and geometric connectivity, lacking systematic multi-dimensional quantitative measurement and refined typological identification of network topological fractures. Taking 52 typical 15-min neighborhoods in Baohe District, Hefei as research samples, this paper constructs a four-dimensional topological fracture evaluation system, and conducts empirical analysis through correlation analysis, K-means++ clustering and micro topological feature mining. The results show that functional fracture and hierarchical fracture are weakly correlated and relatively independent (ρ = 0.068). Four distinct topological fracture types are classified, among which the Cognitive Disorientation type accounts for the largest proportion of 37.3%. Microscopic topological verification further reveals the formation mechanisms and spatial differentiation laws of various fracture patterns. This study provides a scientific typological basis and targeted topological intervention strategies for sustainable governance, classified regulation and optimized upgrading of urban pedestrian travel networks. Full article

Solar energy is emerging as a cornerstone of the global renewable energy transition, with projections indicating that photovoltaics (PV) could contribute up to 90% of electricity generation by 2050. However, environmental factors, particularly dust deposition, pose a significant challenge to the long-term performance and efficiency of PV systems. Dust accumulation varies widely across different geographic regions, influenced by climate, land use, humidity, and pollution. Arid and semi-arid areas experience the highest deposition rates, while tropical and temperate regions are affected by seasonal rainfall and urban pollutants. This review comprehensively examines the impact of dust on PV performance, highlighting factors such as surface roughness of PV module, panel tilt angle, seasonal variations, wind dynamics, and dust composition. Furthermore, the review assesses various dust mitigation strategies, including manual and water-based cleaning, robotic systems, hydrophobic coatings, and electrostatic methods. By synthesizing global studies and presenting a holistic view of dust effects, this paper provides critical insights into the impact of performance degradation with regional variation in PV, optimizing performance, maintenance, and effective dust mitigation strategies to ensure sustained energy yield and reliability in solar energy systems worldwide. Full article