Gaze-based interactions have found their way into the games domain and are frequently employed as a means to support players in their activities. Instead of implementing gaze as an additional game feature via a game-centred approach, we propose a die...
Many gaze data visualization techniques intuitively show eye movement together with visual stimuli. The eye tracker records a large number of eye movements within a short period. Therefore, visualizing raw gaze data with the visual stimulus appears c...
Gaze data analysis plays a crucial role in understanding human visual attention and behaviour. However, raw gaze data is often noisy and lacks inherent structure, making interpretation challenging. Therefore, preprocessing techniques such as classifi...
We conducted an experiment where participants carried out six gaze gesture tasks. The gaze paths were analyzed to find out the speed and accuracy of the gaze gestures. As a result, the gaze gestures took more time than we anticipated and only the ver...
Over the years, gaze input modality has been an easy and demanding human–computer interaction (HCI) method for various applications. The research of gaze-based interactive applications has advanced considerably, as HCIs are no longer constraine...
Research on Virtual Reality (VR) interfaces for distant object interaction has been carried out to improve user experience. Since hand-only interfaces and gaze-only interfaces have limitations such as physical fatigue or restricted usage, VR interact...
Gaze, as a sole input modality must support complex navigation and selection tasks. Gaze interaction combines specific eye movements and graphic display objects (GDOs). This paper suggests a unifying taxonomy of gaze interaction principles. The taxon...
This paper sought to improve the precision of the Alternating Current Electro-Occulo-Graphy (AC-EOG) gaze estimation method. The method consisted of two core techniques: To estimate eyeball movement from EOG signals and to convert signals from the ey...
Gaze estimation is increasingly pivotal in applications spanning virtual reality, augmented reality, and driver monitoring systems, necessitating efficient yet accurate models for mobile deployment. Current methodologies often fall short, particularl...
The problem of 3D gaze estimation can be viewed as inferring the visual axes from eye images. It remains a challenge especially for the head-mounted gaze tracker (HMGT) with a simple camera setup due to the complexity of the human visual system. Alth...
Gaze convergence of multiuser eye movements during simultaneous collaborative use of a shared system interface has been proposed as an important albeit sparsely explored construct in human-computer interaction literature. Here, we propose a novel ind...
Gaze estimation, which seeks to reveal where a person is looking, provides a crucial clue for understanding human intentions and behaviors. Recently, Visual Transformer has achieved promising results in gaze estimation. However, dividing facial image...
In smart interactive environments, such as digital museums or digital exhibition halls, it is important to accurately understand the user’s intent to ensure successful and natural interaction with the exhibition. In the context of predicting us...
The human eye gaze plays a vital role in monitoring people’s attention, and various efforts have been made to improve in-vehicle driver gaze tracking systems. Most of them build the specific gaze estimation model by pre-annotated data training...
30 September 2016
Gaze detection requires estimation of the position and the relation between user’s pupil and glint. In this research paper, a Gaze Direction Estimation (GDE) model, a feature based shape method has been proposed for the comparative analysis of two st...
Eye tracking technology has become increasingly important for psychological analysis, medical diagnosis, driver assistance systems, and many other applications. Various gaze-tracking models have been established by previous researchers. However, ther...
Recent breakthroughs in machine learning, artificial intelligence, and the emergence of large datasets have made the integration of eye tracking increasingly feasible not only in computing but also in many other disciplines to accelerate innovation a...
The goal of gaze estimation is to estimate a gaze vector from an image containing a face or eye(s). Most existing studies use pre-defined fixed-resolution images to estimate the gaze vector. However, images captured from in-the-wild environments may...
In this paper, we introduce novel techniques for distant object manipulation, named GazeRayHand and GazeRayHand2. The two techniques translate and rotate objects by using the gaze ray as a reference line and the hand position relative to the gaze ray...
The ability to adaptively follow conspecific eye movements is crucial for establishing shared attention and survival. Indeed, in humans, interacting with the gaze direction of others causes the reflexive orienting of attention and the faster object d...
It is still unknown whether the very application of gaze for interaction has effects on cognitive strategies users employ and how these effects materialize. We conducted a between-subject experiment in which thirty-six participants interacted with a...
In gaze-based Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), it is important to determine human visual intention for interacting with robots. One typical HRI interaction scenario is that a human selects an object by gaze and a robotic manipulator will pick up the ob...
Gaze estimation, which is a method to determine where a person is looking at given the person’s full face, is a valuable clue for understanding human intention. Similarly to other domains of computer vision, deep learning (DL) methods have gain...
User-centered design questions in gaze interfaces have been explored in multitude empirical investigations. Interestingly, the question of what eye should be the input device has never been studied. We compared tracking accuracy between the “cyclopea...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that impairs cognitive function, making early detection crucial for timely intervention. This study proposes a novel AD detection framework integrating gaze and head movement...
We report the results of an empirical study on gaze aversion during dyadic human-to-human conversation in an interview setting. To address various methodological challenges in assessing gaze-to-face contact, we followed an approach where the experime...
Tracking drivers’ eyes and gazes is a topic of great interest in the research of advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS). It is especially a matter of serious discussion among the road safety researchers’ community, as visual distracti...
Conventional gaze tracking systems are limited in cases where the user is wearing glasses because the glasses usually produce noise due to reflections caused by the gaze tracker’s lights. This makes it difficult to locate the pupil and the specular r...
Gaze is a significant behavioral characteristic that can be used to reflect a person’s attention. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in estimating gaze from facial videos. However, gaze estimation remains a challenging problem d...
Purpose: To investigate the usefulness and efficacy of a novel eye-tracking device that can objectively measure nine gaze-directions. Methods: We measured each of the nine gaze-directions subjectively, using a conventional Hess screen test, and objec...
Reading students’ faces and their body language, checking their worksheets, and keeping eye contact is a key trait of teacher competence. The new technology of mobile eye-tracking provides researchers with possibilities to explore teaching from the v...
This paper summarizes the OpenEDS 2020 Challenge dataset, the proposed baselines, and results obtained by the top three winners of each competition: (1) Gaze prediction Challenge, with the goal of predicting the gaze vector 1 to 5 frames into the fut...
Since smooth pursuit eye movements can be used without calibration in spontaneous gaze interaction, the intuitiveness of the gaze interface design has been a topic of great interest in the human-computer interaction field. However, since most related...
As head-mounted displays (HMDs) with eye tracking become increasingly accessible, the need for effective gaze-based interfaces in virtual reality (VR) grows. Traditional gaze- or hand-based navigation often limits user precision or impairs free viewi...
An important component of Heart Chan Meditation is gaze concentration training. Here, we determine whether eye tracking can be used to assess gaze concentration ability. Study participants (n = 306) were requested to focus their gaze on the innermost...
Gaze tracking is gaining relevance in collaborative robotics as a means to enhance human–machine interaction by enabling intuitive and non-verbal communication. This study explores the integration of human gaze into collaborative robotics by de...
Gaze tracking is basic research in the era of the Internet of Things. This study attempts to improve the performance of gaze tracking in an active infrared source gaze-tracking system. Owing to unavoidable noise interference, the estimated points of...
The modes of interaction (e.g., mouse and touch) between maps and users affect the effectiveness and efficiency of transmitting cartographic information. Recent advances in eye tracking technology have made eye trackers lighter, cheaper and more accu...
Bi-directional gaze-based communication offers an intuitive and natural way for users to interact with systems. This approach utilizes the user’s gaze not only to communicate intent but also to obtain feedback, which promotes mutual understandi...
This paper uses quantitative eye tracking indicators to analyze the relationship between images of paintings and human viewing. First, we build the eye tracking fixation sequences through areas of interest (AOIs) into an information channel, the gaze...
When the magnitude of a gaze is too large, human beings change the orientation of their head or body to assist their eyes in tracking targets because saccade alone is insufficient to keep a target at the center region of the retina. To make a robot g...
29 September 2014
Teleoperation has been widely used to perform tasks in dangerous and unreachable environments by replacing humans with controlled agents. The idea of human-robot interaction (HRI) is very important in teleoperation. Conventional HRI input devices inc...
Most eye tracking methods are light-based. As such, they can suffer from ambient light changes when used outdoors, especially for use cases where eye trackers are embedded in Augmented Reality glasses. It has been recently suggested that ultrasound c...
The Shrine Madonna is a unique form of cult statuary within the wider Madonna and Child tradition, linked to broader Marian iconography. Building on previous scholarship, this article focuses on the visual relationship between the Virgin and the wors...
For a long time, eye tracking has been thought of as a promising method for usability testing. During the last couple of years, eye tracking has finally started to live up to these expectations, at least in terms of its use in usability laboratories....
In this study, we document the coordination of eye gaze and manual signing in a local sign language from Nebaj, Guatemala. We analyze gaze patterns in two conversations in which signers described the book Frog Where Are You to an interlocutor. The si...
Gaze movement and visual stimuli have been utilized to analyze human visual attention intuitively. Gaze behavior studies mainly show statistical analyses of eye movements and human visual attention. During these analyses, eye movement data and the sa...
The most accurate remote Point of Gaze (PoG) estimation methods that allow free head movements use infrared light sources and cameras together with gaze estimation models. Current gaze estimation models were developed for desktop eye-tracking systems...
In this essay, I discuss the evolution of my approach to creating Buddhist contemplative cinema. I begin, by way of personal anecdotes, defining my approach to Buddhist life and the evolution of what I will call the “Buddhist contemplative gaze...
Drivers collect information of road and traffic conditions through a visual search while driving to avoid any potential hazards they perceive. Novice drivers with lack of driving experience may be involved in a car accident as they misjudge the infor...
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