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18 pages, 2672 KiB  
Article
Development Process of TGDI SI Engine Combustion Simulation Model Using Ethanol–Gasoline Blends as Fuel
by Bence Zsoldos, András L. Nagy and Máté Zöldy
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(15), 8677; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15158677 (registering DOI) - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
The Fit for 55 package introduced by the European Union aims to achieve a 55% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. In parallel, increasingly stringent exhaust gas regulations have intensified research into alternative fuels. Ethanol presents a promising option due to its [...] Read more.
The Fit for 55 package introduced by the European Union aims to achieve a 55% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. In parallel, increasingly stringent exhaust gas regulations have intensified research into alternative fuels. Ethanol presents a promising option due to its compatibility with gasoline, higher octane rating, and lower exhaust emissions compared to conventional gasoline. Additionally, ethanol can be derived from agricultural waste, further enhancing its sustainability. This study examines the impact of two ethanol–gasoline blends (E10, E20) on emissions and performance in a turbocharged gasoline direct injection (TGDI) spark-ignition (SI) engine. The investigation is conducted using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3D CFD) simulations to minimize development time and costs. This paper details the model development process and presents the initial results. The boundary conditions for the simulations are derived from one-dimensional (1D) simulations, which have been validated against experimental data. Subsequently, the simulated performance and emissions results are compared with experimental measurements. The E10 simulations correlated well with experimental measurements, with the largest deviation in cylinder pressure being an RMSE of 1.42. In terms of emissions, HC was underpredicted, while CO was overpredicted compared to the experimental data. For E20, the IMEP was slightly higher at some operating points; however, the deviations were negligible. Regarding emissions, HC and CO emissions were higher with E20, whereas NOx and CO2 emissions were lower. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Mobility and Transportation (SMTS 2025))
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33 pages, 870 KiB  
Article
Decarbonizing Urban Transport: Policies and Challenges in Bucharest
by Adina-Petruța Pavel and Adina-Roxana Munteanu
Future Transp. 2025, 5(3), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp5030099 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 177
Abstract
Urban transport is a key driver of greenhouse gas emissions in Europe, making its decarbonization essential to achieving EU climate neutrality targets. This study examines how European strategies, such as the Green Deal, the Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy, and the Fit for [...] Read more.
Urban transport is a key driver of greenhouse gas emissions in Europe, making its decarbonization essential to achieving EU climate neutrality targets. This study examines how European strategies, such as the Green Deal, the Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy, and the Fit for 55 package, are reflected in Romania’s transport policies, with a focus on implementation challenges and urban outcomes in Bucharest. By combining policy analysis, stakeholder mapping, and comparative mobility indicators, the paper critically assesses Bucharest’s current reliance on private vehicles, underperforming public transport satisfaction, and limited progress on active mobility. The study develops a context-sensitive reform framework for the Romanian capital, grounded in transferable lessons from Western and Central European cities. It emphasizes coordinated metropolitan governance, public trust-building, phased car-restraint measures, and investment alignment as key levers. Rather than merely cataloguing policy intentions, the paper offers practical recommendations informed by systemic governance barriers and public attitudes. The findings will contribute to academic debates on urban mobility transitions in post-socialist cities and provide actionable insights for policymakers seeking to operationalize EU decarbonization goals at the metropolitan scale. Full article
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22 pages, 5830 KiB  
Article
Design of and Experimental Study on Drying Equipment for Fritillaria ussuriensis
by Liguo Wu, Jiamei Qi, Liping Sun, Sanping Li, Qiyu Wang and Haogang Feng
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(15), 8427; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15158427 - 29 Jul 2025
Viewed by 131
Abstract
To address the problems of the time consumption, labor intensiveness, easy contamination, uneven drying, and impact on the medicinal efficacy of Fritillaria ussuriensis in the traditional drying method, the hot-air-drying characteristics of Fritillaria ussuriensis were studied. The changes in the moisture ratio and [...] Read more.
To address the problems of the time consumption, labor intensiveness, easy contamination, uneven drying, and impact on the medicinal efficacy of Fritillaria ussuriensis in the traditional drying method, the hot-air-drying characteristics of Fritillaria ussuriensis were studied. The changes in the moisture ratio and drying rate of Fritillaria ussuriensis under different hot-air-drying conditions (45 °C, 55 °C, 65 °C) were compared and analyzed. Six common mathematical models were used to fit the moisture change law, and it was found that the cubic model was the most suitable for describing the drying characteristics of Fritillaria ussuriensis. The R2 values after fitting under the three temperature conditions were all greater than 0.99, and the maximum was achieved at 45 °C. Based on the principle of hot-air drying, a drying device for Fritillaria ussuriensis with a processing capacity of 15 kg/h was designed. It adopted a thermal circulation structure of inner and outer drying ovens, with the heating chamber separated from the drying chamber. The structural parameters were optimized based on Fluent simulation analysis. After optimization, the temperature of each layer was stable at 338 K ± 2 K, and the pressure field and velocity field were evenly distributed. The drying process parameters of Fritillaria ussuriensis were optimized based on response surface analysis, and the optimal process parameters were obtained as follows: inlet temperature: 338 K (65 °C), inlet air velocity: 3 m/s, and drying time: 10 h. The simulation results showed that the predicted moisture content of Fritillaria ussuriensis under the optimal working conditions was 12.58%, the temperature difference of Fritillaria ussuriensis at different positions was within 0.8 °C, and the humidity deviation was about 1%. A prototype of the drying device was built, and the drying test of Fritillaria ussuriensis was carried out. It was found that the temperature and moisture content of Fritillaria ussuriensis were consistent with the simulation results and met the design requirements, verifying the rationality of the device structure and the reliability of the simulation model. This design can significantly improve the distribution of the internal flow field and temperature field of the drying device, improve the drying quality and production efficiency of Fritillaria ussuriensis, and provide a technical reference for the Chinese herbal medicine-drying industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Mechanical Engineering)
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23 pages, 2407 KiB  
Article
Replication of Sensor-Based Categorization of Upper-Limb Performance in Daily Life in People Post Stroke and Generalizability to Other Populations
by Chelsea E. Macpherson, Marghuretta D. Bland, Christine Gordon, Allison E. Miller, Caitlin Newman, Carey L. Holleran, Christopher J. Dy, Lindsay Peterson, Keith R. Lohse and Catherine E. Lang
Sensors 2025, 25(15), 4618; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25154618 - 25 Jul 2025
Viewed by 210
Abstract
Background: Wearable movement sensors can measure upper limb (UL) activity, but single variables may not capture the full picture. This study aimed to replicate prior work identifying five multivariate categories of UL activity performance in people with stroke and controls and expand those [...] Read more.
Background: Wearable movement sensors can measure upper limb (UL) activity, but single variables may not capture the full picture. This study aimed to replicate prior work identifying five multivariate categories of UL activity performance in people with stroke and controls and expand those findings to other UL conditions. Methods: Demographic, self-report, and wearable sensor-based UL activity performance variables were collected from 324 participants (stroke n = 49, multiple sclerosis n = 19, distal UL fracture n = 40, proximal UL pain n = 55, post-breast cancer n = 23, control n = 138). Principal component (PC) analyses (12, 9, 7, or 5 accelerometry input variables) were followed by cluster analyses and numerous assessments of model fit across multiple subsets of the total sample. Results: Two PCs explained 70–90% variance: PC1 (overall UL activity performance) and PC2 (preferred-limb use). A five-variable, five-cluster model was optimal across samples. In comparison to clusters, two PCs and individual accelerometry variables showed higher convergent validity with self-report outcomes of UL activity performance and disability. Conclusions: A five-variable, five-cluster model was replicable and generalizable. Convergent validity data suggest that UL activity performance in daily life may be better conceptualized on a continuum, rather than categorically. These findings highlight a unified, data-driven approach to tracking functional changes across UL conditions and severity of functional deficits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor-Based Human Activity Recognition)
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19 pages, 1075 KiB  
Article
Multidimensional Loneliness Scale: Development and Psychometric Properties of a Peruvian Version
by Carlos Pérez-Lara, Melissa Hospinal-Zavaleta, Militza Novoa-Seminario, Mario Sandoval-Rosas, Jesús Saldaña-Bocanegra, Lucy Máximo-Sandoval, Liliana Haro-León, Miguel Benites-Romero, Guicela Cabrejo-Paredes and Doris Lara-Malca
Healthcare 2025, 13(15), 1797; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13151797 - 24 Jul 2025
Viewed by 343
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Loneliness is the sensation of feeling alone or emotionally isolated, even when one is surrounded by other people. It is associated with conditions such as depression, anxiety, harmful habits, and cardiovascular problems. The main objective of the present study was to [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Loneliness is the sensation of feeling alone or emotionally isolated, even when one is surrounded by other people. It is associated with conditions such as depression, anxiety, harmful habits, and cardiovascular problems. The main objective of the present study was to develop and determine the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Loneliness Scale (MLS), which is a self-report instrument. Methods: The present study is instrumental in nature, as it aims to analyze the psychometric properties of a new assessment instrument. A total of 484 adults, both men and women, aged between 18 and 55 years, participated in this research. Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed the presence of four dimensions: social disconnection, family estrangement, loss of attachment figure, and intrapersonal emptiness. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the four-dimensional model exhibited a good fit (CFI = 0.91; RMSEA = 0.07; SRMR = 0.07; AIC = 737.87). The concurrent validity was evidenced by significant correlations with the De Jong Gierveld scale and the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. The reliability analysis demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency, with omega coefficients ranging from 0.84 to 0.92 and alpha coefficients from 0.84 to 0.93. Conclusions: The MLS is a self-report instrument designed to assess loneliness, and it has satisfactory psychometric properties. Full article
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15 pages, 2406 KiB  
Article
Adsorption Performance and Mechanism of Gallium from Sulfuric Acid Leach Liquor of High-Alumina Fly Ash
by Wenfen Wu, Chaolu Wen, Shaopeng Li, Zhenhua Sun, Xinjuan Hou, Huiquan Li and Zhibin Ma
Separations 2025, 12(8), 190; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations12080190 - 23 Jul 2025
Viewed by 217
Abstract
High-alumina fly ash may potentially be a valuable source of Ga with a concentration of Ga at 80 mg/kg. Direct adsorption and enrichment of Ga from sulfuric acid leach liquor of high-alumina fly ash is developed in this study. The H-type chelating resin [...] Read more.
High-alumina fly ash may potentially be a valuable source of Ga with a concentration of Ga at 80 mg/kg. Direct adsorption and enrichment of Ga from sulfuric acid leach liquor of high-alumina fly ash is developed in this study. The H-type chelating resin with two carboxy groups exhibited the best adsorption capacity for Ga. The maximum adsorption capacity for Ga was 55 mg/g resin with an adsorption time of 24 h, an initial Ga concentration of 500 mg/L, an adsorption temperature of 55 °C, and an initial acid concentration of 0.1 mol/L. The adsorption process of Ga was in good fit with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics model. The chemical adsorption rate was controlled by an internal diffusion mechanism. The resin had a high selectivity for Ga3+ with a Kd over 3600 compared with Fe2+, Al3+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. The adsorption mechanism was found to be the ion exchange reaction between Ga and H of carboxy and hydroxyl groups. The concentration of Ga in sulfuric acid leach liquor from high-alumina fly ash achieved enrichment from 200 mg/L to 2 g/L. It is an attractive medium for large-scale Ga extraction from high-alumina fly ash. Full article
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21 pages, 614 KiB  
Article
The Decarbonisation of Heating and Cooling Following EU Directives
by Joana Fernandes, Silvia Remédios, Frank Gérard, Andro Bačan, Martin Stroleny, Vassiliki Drosou and Rosie Christodoulaki
Energies 2025, 18(13), 3432; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18133432 - 30 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 319
Abstract
Heating and cooling (H&C) accounts for approximately 50% of the European Union’s (EU) total energy demand and remains significantly reliant on imported fossil fuels. Hence, addressing the decarbonization of the H&C sector is key to achieving a successful energy transition. At the EU [...] Read more.
Heating and cooling (H&C) accounts for approximately 50% of the European Union’s (EU) total energy demand and remains significantly reliant on imported fossil fuels. Hence, addressing the decarbonization of the H&C sector is key to achieving a successful energy transition. At the EU level, several legislative instruments within the Fit for 55 package directly target the decarbonization of H&C, including the core directives on renewable energy, energy efficiency, and the energy performance of buildings. At the national level, EU Member States (MSs) have developed National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs), which are the main framework for defining national energy transition strategies, including measures to address H&C. Within the EU-funded REDI4HEAT project, a guideline was developed to support the assessment of policy documents—particularly NECPs—regarding the robustness of their policies and measures for decarbonizing H&C. This assessment framework supports the identification of gaps and opportunities through six key Strategic Policy Priority (SPP) areas, offering a set of policy options that can be further elaborated into effective measures. The design of these policy measures is informed by the Knowledge Sharing Centre—an online repository of replicable and adaptable initiatives that can be tailored to the specific geographical, social, and economic contexts of each MS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Energy Transition Towards Carbon Neutrality)
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23 pages, 1554 KiB  
Article
Identification of the Parameters of the Szpica–Warakomski Method’s Rectilinear Trend Complementary to the Gaussian Characteristic Area Method in the Functional Evaluation of Gas Injectors
by Dariusz Szpica, Jacek Hunicz, Andrzej Borawski, Grzegorz Mieczkowski, Paweł Woś and Bragadeshwaran Ashok
Sensors 2025, 25(13), 4020; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25134020 - 27 Jun 2025
Viewed by 285
Abstract
The Fit for 55 and Euro 7 regulations significantly reduce CO2 emissions from combustion sources. This will be reflected in the regulations governing the approval of in-service vehicles, including those using alternative fuels. The present study focused on the rapid diagnostics of [...] Read more.
The Fit for 55 and Euro 7 regulations significantly reduce CO2 emissions from combustion sources. This will be reflected in the regulations governing the approval of in-service vehicles, including those using alternative fuels. The present study focused on the rapid diagnostics of the technical condition of gas injectors. The test method was a modification of the Gaussian characteristic fields method using the Szpica–Warakomski rectilinear trend. The flow tests resulted in average volumetric intensities of 111 NL/min and 124 NL/min, depending on the operating conditions. The opening and closing times were in the range of (1.3…3.5) ms. The directional parameter of the rectilinear trend, which is important from the point of view of the analyses, was 0.97 for brand new (BN) injectors and 1.00 for in-service (IO) injectors. The intersection parameters were 0.64 and 0.24, respectively. The qualitative evaluation yielded coefficients of determination of 95.01 and 94.07. The values of the trend parameters were strongly dependent on the design solution and model/type of injector. Inferring the effect of operating condition on the trend parameter values, a one-factor analysis of variance was performed, which showed the significance of only the directional coefficient. A comparison of the same BN and IO injector model showed an apparent change in the value of the intercept only. No significant relationships between the injector opening and closing times and the trend parameters were shown. Thus, the usefulness of using the Szpica–Warakomski rectilinear trend in the functional evaluation of gas injectors of different designs and under different operating conditions was demonstrated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Predictive Maintenance of Machines)
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20 pages, 1398 KiB  
Article
Growth Curve and Nutrient Accumulation in Lettuce for Seed Production Under Organic System
by Jolinda Mércia de Sá, Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso, Daniel Seiji Seguchi, Jorgiani de Ávila, Joseantonio Ribeiro de Carvalho, Emanuele Possas de Souza and Pâmela Gomes Nakada-Freitas
Horticulturae 2025, 11(6), 707; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11060707 - 19 Jun 2025
Viewed by 384
Abstract
Producing seeds in the organic production system still requires a lot of information regarding the fertilization and nutritional requirements. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the dry mass and macronutrient accumulation curve in lettuce for seed production, aiming at cultivation [...] Read more.
Producing seeds in the organic production system still requires a lot of information regarding the fertilization and nutritional requirements. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the dry mass and macronutrient accumulation curve in lettuce for seed production, aiming at cultivation in an organic system. The treatments consisted of two phosphorus doses (320 and 800 kg ha−1 of P2O5, Yoorin® thermophosphate source). The crisp lettuce plants, cultivar Solaris, were collected at eight stages (0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, and 98 days after transplanting—DAT) for an analysis of the proposed characteristics. A nonlinear sigmoid regression curve was fitted and the results demonstrated continuous plant growth, accompanied by a gradual increase in dry matter throughout the experimental period, regardless of the phosphorus dose studied. The vegetative part of the lettuce plant shows slow initial growth, followed by acceleration up to the beginning of flowering (70 DAT), and stabilization after this period. The reproductive part of the lettuce plant begins to grow from 56 DAT, increasing the daily nutrient demand until the end of the seed maturation and harvest at 98 DAT. The dose of 800 kg ha−1 of P2O5, the lettuce plant accumulated 1527.7, 308.2, 2922.6, 1658.4, 416.0, and 197.6 mg per plant of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively. The dose of 320 kg ha−1 of P2O5, the lettuce plant accumulated 1743.1, 256.9, 2575.7, 1210.2, 358.8, and 185.5 mg per plant of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively. The greatest demand for nutrients in the plant occurred between 55 and 88 DAT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Vegetable Production Systems)
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11 pages, 1105 KiB  
Article
Patellar Shape Variation in Cats and Dogs: Implications for Orthopedic Surgical Planning
by Ebru Eravci Yalin, Yusuf Altundağ, Kemal Altunatmaz, Buket Çakar, Esra Acar, Edyta Pasicka, Ermiş Özkan, Ozan Gündemir and Mihaela-Claudia Spataru
Animals 2025, 15(11), 1608; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15111608 - 30 May 2025
Viewed by 621
Abstract
The patella plays a vital role in stifle joint function by contributing to limb extension and joint stabilization. While its clinical significance in small animal orthopedic surgery is well established, detailed comparative data on patellar morphology in domestic cats and dogs remain limited. [...] Read more.
The patella plays a vital role in stifle joint function by contributing to limb extension and joint stabilization. While its clinical significance in small animal orthopedic surgery is well established, detailed comparative data on patellar morphology in domestic cats and dogs remain limited. This study aimed to investigate interspecific and intraspecific variation in patellar shape and size using three-dimensional geometric morphometric techniques. Computed tomography images of 18 cats and 55 dogs were used to construct 3D models, and a total of 14 anatomical landmarks were manually placed on each patella. Generalized Procrustes Analysis was applied, followed by principal component analysis to explore patterns of shape variation. The results revealed a significant difference in shape between cats and dogs, with dogs exhibiting broader variation and larger centroid sizes. Regression analysis indicated that 12.2% of the observed shape variation could be attributed to centroid size, reflecting the influence of patellar size. This strong link suggests that size has a significant influence on how the patella’s shape varies, especially in dogs. These findings highlight the importance of individual variation in patellar morphology, particularly in dogs. A single standardized implant or surgical technique may not be appropriate for all cases. Integrating shape and size evaluations into preoperative imaging can help improve implant fit, joint stability, and overall surgical success. In the absence of breed-specific data, individualized planning remains the most reliable approach. Full article
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15 pages, 627 KiB  
Article
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in People with Long COVID: A Follow-Up from 12 to 18 Months After Discharge
by Nicola S. Diciolla, Ana Ampuero-López, Alda Marques, Ana Jiménez-Martín, Sara García-De Villa, María Torres-Lacomba and María José Yuste-Sánchez
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(11), 3641; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14113641 - 22 May 2025
Viewed by 538
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Long-term effects of post-COVID-19 on several health outcomes remain unclear. We assessed PA and sedentary behaviour changes and explored behaviour-change factors twelve months post-COVID-19 in people with and without Long COVID. Methods: A prospective cohort study followed people treated for [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Long-term effects of post-COVID-19 on several health outcomes remain unclear. We assessed PA and sedentary behaviour changes and explored behaviour-change factors twelve months post-COVID-19 in people with and without Long COVID. Methods: A prospective cohort study followed people treated for COVID-19 in different settings (home, hospital ward, intensive care unit) from twelve months to eighteen months post-COVID-19. Participants with and without Long COVID were identified. PA (Light PA-LPA, Moderate-to-Vigorous PA-MVPA, Steps·day−1), sedentary time, functional capacity (six-minute walk test-6MWT), muscle strength (quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction-QMVC), dyspnoea (modified Medical Research Council scale-mMRC), fatigue, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and health-related quality of life-HRQoL were assessed. Results: Among 148 participants (58 ± 15 years, 54% male), 101 had Long COVID. All remained physically inactive. People with Long COVID significantly increased LPA (LPALongCOVID +28 [1; 55] min·day−1; LPAControls +6 [−32; 45] min·day−1), and decreased MVPA (MVPALongCOVID −4 [−7; −2] min·day−1; MVPAControls −4 [−8; 1] min·day−1) and sedentarism (SedentarismLongCOVID −47 [−89; −4] min·day−1; SedentarismControls −30 [−88; 28] min·day−1). At eighteen months, higher proportions of individuals with Long COVID had impaired 6MWT (17% vs. 0%), reduced QMVC (25% vs. 6%), dyspnoea (24% vs. 0%), fatigue (67% vs. 13%), symptoms of anxiety (47% vs. 9%) and depression (26% vs. 0%) as well as poor HRQoL (50% vs. 6%). PA and sedentary behaviour changes at eighteen months were associated with dyspnoea and impaired QMVC at twelve months (LPA: mMRC ≥ 2: −41.56 [−129.30; 46.00] min·day−1, Steps·day−1: mMRC: −416.13 [−1223.83; 391.57]; QMVC ≤ 70% predicted: −1251.39 [−2661.69; 158.91], Sedentarism: mMRC ≥ 2: +47.21 [−90.57; 184.99] min·day−1; 0.24 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.32). Conclusions: PA and sedentary behaviour remain altered long after COVID-19, with people with Long COVID adjusting to fit lower PA levels, possibly driven by physical limitations and symptoms. Dyspnoea and muscle weakness may influence PA and sedentary behaviour. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Post-COVID Symptoms and Causes, 3rd Edition)
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12 pages, 724 KiB  
Article
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant for B-Cell Lymphomas in the Era of Novel Cellular Therapies: Experience from a Tertiary Canadian Center
by Mathias Castonguay, Jean Roy, Jean-Sébastien Claveau, Sylvie Lachance, Jean-Sébastien Delisle, Thomas Kiss, Sandra Cohen, Isabelle Fleury, Luigina Mollica, Imran Ahmad, Nadia Bambace, Léa Bernard, Denis-Claude Roy, Guy Sauvageau and Olivier Veilleux
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050285 - 20 May 2025
Viewed by 655
Abstract
Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT) is a curative option for relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas (BCLs), but its role in the evolving field of cellular therapy is increasingly unclear as recent advances in transplant procedures have improved outcomes. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included [...] Read more.
Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT) is a curative option for relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas (BCLs), but its role in the evolving field of cellular therapy is increasingly unclear as recent advances in transplant procedures have improved outcomes. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 55 BCL patients (large B-cell lymphoma—LBCL; indolent BCL; and mantle cell lymphoma—MCL) treated with alloHCT from 2015 to 2023 at Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints included NRM and GVHD incidence. Results: A total of 55 patients were included (25 LBCLs, 16 indolent BCLs, 14 MCLs), and 76% of LBCLs were of indolent origin (Richter transformation, transformed follicular lymphoma). After a median follow-up of 6.1, 5.8 and 2.4 years for LBCLs, indolent BCLs and MCLs, their 5-year PFS and OS were 57.2% (IC 95%: 34.2–74.7) and 62.8% (IC 95%: 37.9–80.0), 81.2% (IC 95%: 52.5–93.5) and 93.8% (IC 95%: 63.2–99.1), and 39.0% (IC 95%: 14.3–63.3) and 68.1% (IC 95%: 35.4–86.8), respectively. The 5-year NRM was 16.9% (IC 95%: 8.2–28.3) with a relapse incidence of 23.4%. Overall/grade 3–4 acute GVHD occurred in 43.6% and 18.1% of patients. At 3 years, overall/moderate or severe chronic GVHD incidence was 49% and 34.5%. Conclusions: AlloHCT remains a potentially curative option and should be considered for fit patients with chemosensitive FL or LBCLs of indolent origin and a low comorbidity index. Full article
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19 pages, 586 KiB  
Protocol
ACTIVA-Senior: Study Design and Protocol for a Preliminary Multidomain Outdoor Intervention Promoting Healthy Aging and Mitigating Psycho-Physiological Decline
by Antonio Manuel García-Llorente, Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal, Antonio J. Casimiro-Andújar, J. Arturo Abraldes and Pablo J. Marcos-Pardo
Healthcare 2025, 13(10), 1110; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13101110 - 10 May 2025
Viewed by 652
Abstract
The global aging trend increases chronic diseases and lowers quality of life. Exercise is vital for physiological, cognitive, and mental health, countering age-related decline. Outdoor multidomain interventions enhance adherence, motivation, and resilience, supporting independence and well-being. Objectives: This paper aimed to apply [...] Read more.
The global aging trend increases chronic diseases and lowers quality of life. Exercise is vital for physiological, cognitive, and mental health, countering age-related decline. Outdoor multidomain interventions enhance adherence, motivation, and resilience, supporting independence and well-being. Objectives: This paper aimed to apply an outdoor exercise protocol for middle-aged and older people and to study its preliminary effects on cognitive state, body composition, cardiovascular health, physical fitness, physiological function, physical activity, frailty, incidence of sarcopenia, and satisfaction with life. Methods: This protocol describes an eighteen-week, two-pronged, parallel, single-blind randomized controlled trial. This paper complies with the Consort and SPIRIT guidelines. A cohort comprising a minimum of fifty-two older adults from the University for Seniors program will be equally allocated to a multidomain training group (TG) and a passive control group (CG). Intervention: The TG will follow a multidomain outdoor intervention twice a week for a complete duration of 18 weeks, with recommendations for additional autonomous cardiorespiratory training. The supervised sessions will be divided into a 10-min warm-up session focusing on activation and joint mobility, followed by 40 min of resistance training, cardiorespiratory training, and balance and coordination; and it concludes with a 10-min cool-down featuring flexibility, relaxation, and playful emotional intelligence tasks. Cognitive training will be integrated across different parts of the session. Conclusions: This preliminary study aims to explore the feasibility and potential effectiveness of outdoor multidomain training in improving the health of older adults. Importantly, by including late middle-aged adults from the age of 55, this study also aims to explore the potential of preventive strategies initiated before reaching old age. This reflects a broader conceptualization of healthy aging as a lifelong process, where early interventions may help mitigate decline and extend independence into later life. The partnership between health professionals and physical activity fosters independence for older adults, addressing the increasing burden on health services. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Trends of Physical Activity in Health Promotion)
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19 pages, 7124 KiB  
Article
Associations Between 10-Year Physical Performance and Activities of Daily Living Trajectories and Physical Behaviors in Older Adults
by Mikael Anne Greenwood-Hickman, Weiwei Zhu, Abisola Idu, Laura B. Harrington, Susan M. McCurry, Andrea Z. LaCroix, Pamela A. Shaw and Dori E. Rosenberg
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 704; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050704 - 29 Apr 2025
Viewed by 638
Abstract
Physical function is likely bidirectionally associated with physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep. We examined trajectories of physical function as predictors of these behaviors in community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 y without dementia from the Adult Changes in Thought cohort. Exposures were [...] Read more.
Physical function is likely bidirectionally associated with physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep. We examined trajectories of physical function as predictors of these behaviors in community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 y without dementia from the Adult Changes in Thought cohort. Exposures were trajectories of physical performance (short Performance-Based Physical Function [sPPF]) and self-reported activities of daily living (ADL) impairment. Outcomes were device-measured PA and SB and self-reported sleep. We fit linear mixed-effects models to define trajectory slopes and intercepts for each functional measure over the prior 10 years. We used multivariable linear regression to investigate the relationship between trajectory features and outcomes, using bootstrap confidence intervals. Participants (N = 905) were 77.6 (SD = 6.9) years old, 55% female, 91% white, and had a median sPPF score of 9 (IQR = [8, 11]) and median impairment of 1 ADL (IQR = [0, 2]) at the time of activity measurement (baseline). Steeper decreases in sPPF (0.3-unit, 25% of the range) were associated with fewer steps (−1180, 95% CI = [−2853, −185]) and less moderate-to-vigorous PA (−15.7 min/day [−35.6, −2.3]). Steeper increases in ADL impairment were associated with 35.0 min/day (4.3, 65.0) additional sitting time, longer mean sitting bout duration (3.5 min/bout [0.8, 6.2]), fewer steps (−1372 [−2223, −638]), less moderate-to-vigorous PA (−13 min/day [−22.6, −5.0]), and more time-in-bed (25.5 min/day [6.5, 43.5]). No associations were observed with light PA or sleep quality. Worsening physical function is associated with lower PA and higher SB, but not with light-intensity movement or sleep quality, supporting the bidirectional nature of the relationship between physical function and physical behaviors. Full article
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16 pages, 5514 KiB  
Article
Crop-Free-Ridge Navigation Line Recognition Based on the Lightweight Structure Improvement of YOLOv8
by Runyi Lv, Jianping Hu, Tengfei Zhang, Xinxin Chen and Wei Liu
Agriculture 2025, 15(9), 942; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15090942 - 26 Apr 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 573
Abstract
This study is situated against the background of shortages in the agricultural labor force and shortages of cultivated land. In order to improve the intelligence level and operational efficiency of agricultural machinery and solve the problems of difficulties in recognizing navigation lines and [...] Read more.
This study is situated against the background of shortages in the agricultural labor force and shortages of cultivated land. In order to improve the intelligence level and operational efficiency of agricultural machinery and solve the problems of difficulties in recognizing navigation lines and a lack of real-time performance of transplanters in the crop-free ridge environment, we propose a crop-free-ridge navigation line recognition method based on an improved YOLOv8 segmentation algorithm. First, this method reduces the parameters and computational complexity of the model by replacing the YOLOv8 backbone network with MobileNetV4 and the feature extraction module C2f with ShuffleNetV2, thereby improving the real-time segmentation of crop-free ridges. Second, we use the least-squares method to fit the obtained point set to accurately obtain navigation lines. Finally, the method is applied to testing and analyzing the field experimental ridges. The results showed that the average precision of the improved neural network model using this method was 90.4%, with a Params of 1.8 M, a FLOPs of 8.8 G, and an FPS of 49.5. The results indicate that the model maintains high accuracy while significantly outperforming Mask-RCNN, YOLACT++, YOLOv8, and YOLO11 in terms of computational speed. The detection frame rate increased significantly, improving the real-time performance of detection. This method uses the least-squares method to fit the 55% ridge contour feature points under the picture, and the fitting navigation line shows no large deviation compared with the image ridge centerline; the result is better than that of the RANSAC fitting method. The research results indicate that this method significantly reduces the size of the model parameters and improves the recognition speed, providing a more efficient solution for the autonomous navigation of intelligent carrier aircraft. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence and Digital Agriculture)
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