Search Results (24,056)

Background: Hybrid cardiac rehabilitation (CR) combining supervised and home-based phases with wearable monitoring may improve access and outcomes after myocardial infarction (MI). Objective: To assess the impact of a 14-week hybrid CR program on functional class, exercise capacity, hemodynamics, body composition, and physical activity in post-MI patients with NYHA class II symptoms. Methods: Sixty-six adults post-MI underwent 2 weeks of in-hospital initiation followed by 12 weeks of home-based rehabilitation via a smartwatch–smartphone platform. Within-subject changes from baseline to week 14 were analyzed using appropriate paired statistical tests. Results: NYHA class improved significantly, with 39% of participants downgrading their class (p < 0.001). Body weight decreased by 1.27 ± 2.51 kg (p < 0.001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures declined (both p ≤ 0.002). Maximal METS rose markedly (25.7% increase; p < 0.001), and watts/kg improved (p < 0.001). Resting heart rate decreased (p = 0.002); peak exercise heart rate change was non-significant. Fat mass declined and skeletal muscle mass increased (mean gain 0.98 kg; p < 0.001). Daily step count increased from 5550 ± 2026 to 7267 ± 2500 steps (p < 0.001). Total body water also increased (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The hybrid CR program produced significant improvements in functional class, exercise capacity, blood pressure, body composition, and physical activity in post-MI NYHA II patients, supporting its effectiveness as a remotely enabled secondary prevention strategy. However, the results are based on hypotheses and randomized controlled trials must confirm the benefits especially with a control group. Nonetheless, it is a feasible and potentially effective alternative to conventional programs in resource-limited settings. Full article

Background: The latissimus dorsi (LD) flap remains a reliable option for breast reconstruction in irradiated, salvage, and non-microsurgical candidates. Despite the availability of multiple LD-based variants, practical guidance for technique selection remains limited. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 40 consecutive LD-based breast reconstructions performed over 5 years at two Italian centers. Cases were categorized as classic LD, hybrid LD, extended LD, V-FALD, or KISS flap. Clinical variables, reconstructive setting, complications, and reoperations were described, and a decision-making algorithm was derived from institutional practice and literature integration. Results: The cohort was characterized by a high-complexity profile, with 36/40 patients (90%) exposed to radiotherapy and 22/40 (55%) treated in a salvage setting. Hybrid LD was the most frequently used technique, accounting for 23/40 cases (57.5%), followed by KISS flap in 6/40 (15%), extended LD in 5/40 (12.5%), V-FALD in 4/40 (10%), and classic LD alone in 2/40 (5%). Technique selection was primarily driven by skin-envelope adequacy, breast volume requirement, and the feasibility of a fully autologous reconstruction. Major complications occurred in 2/40 patients (5%), revision surgery occurred in 3/40 (7.5%), and no total flap necrosis was observed. Donor-site morbidity occurred in 10/40 (25%) of cases and was managed conservatively. Conclusions: LD-based breast reconstruction should be viewed as a versatile reconstructive platform rather than a single technique. A pragmatic algorithm may support surgical planning and help tailor the most appropriate LD variant to defect characteristics and reconstructive goals. Full article

Wuhua Yellow Chicken (WYC) is a Guangdong heritage breed known for its characteristic “three yellow” phenotype and distinctive meat flavour. Despite its commercial importance, data on muscle flavour chemistry remain scarce. In this study, 180 one-day-old chicks (90 cocks, 90 hens, 18 replicates of 5 chickens per sex) were raised to 20 weeks under cage conditions, after which slaughter traits, meat physicochemical indices, proximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid profiles, and volatile compounds were measured. Cocks were heavier and had higher eviscerated yields and leg muscle percentages, whereas hens accumulated more abdominal fat (6.47–0.46%, p < 0.01). Shear force was greater in cock breast muscle (2.86–2.13 kg·f, p < 0.01), indicating firmer texture. Cock breast muscle contained more crude protein (26.89%) and less crude fat. Amino acid totals were identical between sexes (21.10 g/100 g), with all six essential amino acids surpassing FAO/WHO reference values; lysine scored highest (168%). Unsaturated fatty acid proportions were 63.33% (cocks) and 66.64% (hens), with PUFA/SFA ratios of 61.95% and 53.60%, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified 10 volatile compounds in cocks and 14 in hens; aldehydes dominated in both, with hexanal alone accounting for over 50%. Hen muscle contained a richer volatile profile, including additional ketone and ester compounds. These data collectively confirm that WYC is nutritionally dense, organoleptically appealing, and well-suited for further breed promotion. Full article

To mitigate health risks associated with animal solid fats, this study developed a heat-induced emulsion gel using corn starch and xanthan gum (XG) as the matrix. The effects of the oil-to-water ratio (20–40%) and XG content (0.1–0.5%) on gel properties were systematically investigated. Results suggested a significant two-way interaction (p < 0.05) between the oil–water ratio and XG content, which jointly optimized the three-dimensional network structure. The resulting gel (O40-XG0.5) exhibited rheological and textural properties—including an increased storage modulus (G′), hardness of 2420.74 g, and springiness of 0.97, which closely matched those of pork backfat. Microstructural and low-field NMR analyses suggested that XG may stabilize the oil–water interface via its amphiphilic nature and may form hydrogen bonds with starch, which could enhance the water/oil holding capacity and cooking stability (i.e., reduced oil exudation). This research offers a potential theoretical basis and technical pathway for developing plant-based solid fat replacers. Full article

Intra-articular soft connective tissues such as synovium and adipose tissue play a crucial role in governing joint homeostasis and disease progression in various forms of arthritis. In the knee, like many synovial joints, adipose tissue forms an integrated anatomic and functional unit with the joint-lining synovium, and the most prominent adipose depot is the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP). With growing evidence that lipid profiles in the synovium–IFP unit shift during progression of joint diseases like osteoarthritis (OA), there is strong impetus for consistent tissue collection approaches and reproducible subsequent lipid characterization. Here, we present a standardized dissection and low-input untargeted lipidomics workflow optimized for mouse knee synovium and IFP, to enable comprehensive lipid profiling. Synovium/IFP from multiple joints are pooled to increase input mass and guarantee robust lipid yield, followed by lipid extraction and high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) acquisition for global, untargeted lipidomic profiling. The analysis workflow encompasses robust feature detection, accurate lipid annotation, data transformation and normalization. These steps enhance comparability across samples, particularly those with low input amounts, while minimizing technical variance and batch effects. Using this approach, we detect a broad spectrum of lipid species spanning the major lipid categories. As expected for untargeted discovery, a subset of non-lipid species is also observed. This protocol provides a practical framework for robust, reproducible lipidomics in murine intra-articular soft tissues to support future disease-specific biomarker and drug target discovery in OA and other joint diseases. Full article

This randomized crossover study aimed to evaluate the effect of a single session of aerobic exercise on 24 h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) in young adults with a family history of hypertension, FHH⁺ (participant with at least one hypertensive parent). Twenty non-hypertensive individuals (four females, sixteen males, 24.84 ± 4.15 years, 23.97 ± 3.28 kg·m⁻²) underwent a control (non-exercise) and an experimental (aerobic exercise) session in a randomized order, with a minimum interval of 72 h between them. Baseline anthropometric and metabolic parameters included body fat percentage, abdominal circumference, and blood glucose. The aerobic session consisted of 30 min cycling at 50–60% of heart rate reserve (142 ± 5 bpm; 68 ± 22 W). Twenty-four-hour BP and HRV were assessed by ambulatory monitoring. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant main effect of session (exercise vs. control) for systolic (p = 0.026, η² = 0.084) and diastolic (p = 0.022, η² = 0.088) BP, with no session × time (awake vs. asleep) interaction. For HRV indices, there were no significant (p > 0.05) main effects of session, nor any interaction between session and time. In summary, aerobic exercise induced 24 h ambulatory hypotension during both awake and sleep periods in non-hypertensive individuals with FHH⁺, without altering ambulatory HRV. Full article

Background: Obesity is a major public health concern associated with adverse physical and psychological outcomes, including body shame (BS) and reduced self-esteem (SE). Lifestyle interventions incorporating dietary and exercise components, such as time-restricted eating (TRE), mindful eating, and structured physical activity, have shown promise; however, evidence on their combined effects within scalable, web-based formats remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-component, web-based lifestyle intervention integrating TRE, mindful eating, and structured online exercise on body composition and psychological outcomes in young adults. Methods: In this pilot randomized controlled trial, 42 healthy young adults (age: 20.4 ± 1.6 years) were allocated to either an intervention group (n = 28) or a control group (n = 14). The intervention group followed an integrated program combining TRE, mindful eating principles, and guided online exercise sessions, while the control group received standard dietary and physical activity recommendations. Outcomes included body composition, anthropometric measures, BS (Weight- and Body-Related Shame and Guilt Scale), SE (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), and eating behavior (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire). Results: Significant group × time interactions were observed for body fat percentage (p < 0.001), fat mass (p = 0.001), and body mass (p = 0.025), with the intervention group demonstrating greater reductions compared with controls. BS scores significantly decreased in the intervention group, whereas no significant between-group differences were observed for SE (p > 0.05). Dietary adherence appeared higher than exercise adherence over the intervention period. Conclusions: A multi-component, web-based lifestyle intervention integrating TRE, mindful eating, and structured exercise may improve body composition and reduce BS in young adults. However, changes in SE were not observed over the short term. These findings support the feasibility of scalable digital lifestyle interventions, while highlighting the need for longer-term studies to clarify psychological outcomes. Full article

The demand for functional dairy products is increasing, in response to the adverse correlation between high saturated fat consumption and cardiovascular health problems. The present study investigated the physicochemical and sensory features of a prototype of functional reduced-fat Mozzarella cheese fortified with inulin made from milk obtained by integrating the cattle diet with laurel essential oil (LEO). Two samples were compared over a 10-day storage period: a whole-milk Mozzarella cheese (MC), and a reduced-fat Mozzarella cheese fortified with 10% (w/v) of inulin (MI). The results show that incorporating inulin during the stretching phase required more time (2.55 min longer) to obtain the final product. However, in addition to a 5% fat decrease, the MI cheese achieved an inulin content of 3.31%, satisfying the European Regulation No 1924/2006, for the “Source of Fiber” claim. On the other hand, from a nutritional perspective, the dietary LEO integration significantly modulated the lipid fraction of the sample, resulting in a 40% increase in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and a marked enrichment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Considering the texture attributes, the incorporation of inulin during the stretching phase led to the formation of a micro-gel that acted as a functional filler, resulting in significantly higher hardness (33.41 N for MI and 16.10 N for MC), throughout the 10-day storage period. Temporal Check-All-That-Apply (TCATA) analysis confirmed that while the MI sample introduced vegetable and cooked milk notes, MI maintained major textural integrity throughout the shelf-life. These findings demonstrate that the synergy between inulin fortification and dietary laurel essential oil supplementation represents a highly effective strategy for producing reduced-fat pasta filata cheeses. This dual approach not only preserves sensory and textural integrity but also yields a high-value functional product characterized by an optimized fatty acid profile and a significant fiber intake. Full article

Limited data are available regarding the physiological profile of youth triathletes. The aim of this study was to characterize the physiological and body composition profile of Hungarian youth triathletes and to examine the relationships between anthropometric characteristics and aerobic performance indicators. Forty-one youth triathletes (20 females and 21 males; age: 15.8 ± 1.7 years), members of the Hungarian national development squad, participated in the study. Anthropometric and body composition parameters were assessed using standardized procedures and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Aerobic performance was evaluated using a graded cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill with breath-by-breath gas analysis. Male athletes demonstrated higher body height, body mass, fat-free mass, and skeletal muscle mass compared with females (p < 0.05). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing revealed high aerobic capacity, with mean VO₂max values of 73.2 ± 5.4 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹ in males and 63.1 ± 5.0 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹ in females. The second ventilatory threshold occurred at approximately 82–86% of VO₂max. Strong positive correlations were observed between anthropometric parameters and absolute oxygen uptake (mL·min⁻¹), particularly for fat-free mass, skeletal muscle mass, and body surface area (r = 0.83–0.95). However, these relationships are influenced by body size and were weaker or inverse when relative oxygen uptake (mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) was considered. Regression analyses further indicated that body composition variables, especially fat-free mass and skeletal muscle mass, were positively associated with aerobic performance, while body fat percentage was not a significant predictor when body size and sex were controlled. These findings are based on cross-sectional associations and should be interpreted as descriptive reference data for this population rather than predictive criteria. The results contribute to the characterization of physiological and anthropometric profiles in youth triathletes and may support future research and athlete monitoring. Full article

This study investigated the effects of feeding High-Moisture Corn (HMC) on meat production performance, mutton quality, muscle metabolism, and gut microbiota in Kazakh rams. Thirty-two 6-month-old Kazakh rams were divided into a control group (CT) and an experimental group (GS). Both groups received a basal diet consisting of 30% whole-plant corn silage, 30% cotton residue, and a concentrate mixture. In the CT group, the concentrate contained 24% ordinary crushed corn (on a dry matter basis). In the GS group, half of the ordinary crushed corn was replaced with HMC, resulting in a concentrate containing 12% ordinary crushed corn and 12% HMC. After a 120-day feeding period, backfat thickness was significantly higher in the GS group (p < 0.05); For meat quality, muscle shear force was significantly lower (p < 0.01) and intramuscular fat content was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the GS group; Amino acid analysis showed that aspartic acid content was significantly lower (p < 0.01), arginine and glutamine contents were significantly lower (p < 0.05), and glycine content was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the GS group; Fatty acid analysis revealed that the contents of methyl undecanoate, methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, methyl heptadecanoate, methyl alpha-linolenate, and all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic acid were significantly higher in the GS group (p < 0.01), while the contents of ten other fatty acids, including methyl caprate, methyl laurate, and methyl tridecanoate, were significantly higher (p < 0.05); A total of 668 metabolites were detected by muscle metabolomics, and 20 of them were identified as significantly differential metabolites, with the GS group showing 15 upregulated and 5 downregulated, mainly enriched in four pathways: valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis; taurine and hypotaurine metabolism; pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis; and the citrate cycle (TCA cycle); Gut microbiota analysis showed no significant difference in alpha diversity, but beta diversity was significantly separated between the two groups (p < 0.01); Correlation analysis revealed that Firmicutes_A was significantly negatively correlated with most fatty acids, while Proteobacteria was significantly positively correlated with multiple fatty acids (p < 0.05). In conclusion, The GS group had significantly increased backfat thickness, reduced muscle shear force, increased intramuscular fat content, and significantly enriched beneficial fatty acids in Kazakh rams, thereby improving meat quality. Full article

Background: Body mass index (BMI) remains the standard tool for obesity screening; however, it does not account for body fat distribution or visceral adiposity, potentially leading to clinically relevant misclassification—particularly in young adults. Evidence on this issue in healthcare professionals is limited. Objective: To evaluate the extent of obesity misclassification when using BMI compared with alternative anthropometric and body composition indices, and to examine sex-specific associations between lifestyle factors and different adiposity phenotypes in young healthcare professionals. Methods: A large cross-sectional study was conducted in 12,874 medical residents, nursing residents, and age-matched controls (22–30 years). Obesity was defined using BMI (≥30 kg/m²), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR ≥ 0.5), Clínica Universidad de Navarra–Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE), body fat percentage, and bioimpedance-derived visceral fat. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, professional group, smoking, physical activity, and Mediterranean diet adherence were fitted separately for each adiposity definition. Sex interaction terms were formally tested. Agreement between indices was assessed using Cohen’s kappa. Results: Obesity prevalence varied substantially according to the index applied and was consistently higher when central or visceral adiposity measures were used. Agreement between BMI and alternative indices was only fair to moderate, with the lowest concordance observed for visceral fat (κ = 0.29; 95% CI 0.26–0.32). Male sex was strongly associated with visceral fat-defined obesity (aOR 4.76; 95% CI 3.82–5.92), while effect sizes were attenuated for BMI-defined obesity (aOR 1.41; 95% CI 1.32–1.51). Significant sex interactions were detected for visceral adiposity, particularly for physical activity (p = 0.001) and smoking (p = 0.002), indicating differential lifestyle associations according to fat distribution phenotype. Conclusions: BMI substantially underestimates clinically relevant central and visceral adiposity in young healthcare professionals. Sex-specific differences were observed in the association between lifestyle behaviors and visceral fat. These findings highlight the limitations of relying exclusively on BMI for obesity screening. Incorporating waist-based or body composition-derived measures may improve early risk identification and support targeted preventive strategies. Full article

Bariatric surgery (BS) is effective for treating obesity but carries significant nutritional risks. Patients often develop micronutrient deficiencies, loss of muscle mass, and other physiological complications. Standardized methods such as the Nutrition-Focused Physical Exam (NFPE) may not adequately capture physical findings specific to BS. This study aimed to develop an expanded and modified bariatric-specific NFPE tool and achieve expert consensus on its essential components using a modified Delphi methodology. A literature review identified clinical signs of malnutrition and nutritional complications unique to patients undergoing BS, which informed proposed BS-NFPE components. A three-round modified Delphi study with expert bariatric dietitians (n = 25) achieved consensus (≥75% agreement) on 43 BS-NFPE components, including physical signs of micronutrient deficiencies and toxicities, changes in muscle and fat stores, indicators of surgical complications, gastrointestinal symptoms, and mental health effects. Experts also supported incorporating functional considerations and social determinants of health. This study introduces the first evidence-informed modified BS-NFPE tool to address limitations of the standard NFPE in bariatric populations. Use of BS-specific features may help clinicians identify malnutrition earlier, tailor care, and improve long-term patient support. Future research should evaluate this tool in clinical practice. Full article

Functional foods enriched with bioactive compounds have attracted increasing attention for their potential to improve metabolic health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. White tea, a minimally processed tea rich in polyphenols and antioxidant constituents, may exert beneficial effects on obesity-related metabolic disturbances through multiple molecular pathways. In this study, we investigated the effects of white tea in a high-fat diet-induced obesity model in rats, with particular emphasis on metabolic regulation and adipokine signaling. Body weight, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance-related parameters, and circulating levels of apelin and irisin were evaluated. High-fat diet feeding impaired metabolic balance and altered obesity-associated biochemical parameters, whereas white tea administration ameliorated several of these changes. White tea was associated with improvements in body weight gain and selected metabolic parameters, together with modulation of adipokine-related markers. These findings suggest that white tea may function as a bioactive-rich functional food with beneficial effects on pathways involved in obesity and metabolic homeostasis. Our results support the potential contribution of white tea-derived compounds to nutrition-based strategies for the prevention and management of obesity. Full article

Obesity is currently recognized as a chronic and multifactorial disease. According to epidemiological data released by the World Health Organization in 2022, more than 2.5 billion adults were overweight and more than 890 million were affected by obesity. The aim of this narrative review is to clarify what leads to overweight and obesity, to explain the concept of energy balance, to address the limited effectiveness of dietary products marketed for weight reduction, to examine commonly promoted nutritional strategies for weight loss and to challenge claims of their superiority. The most recent, robust, and high-quality evidence available on the topic was selected, with particular emphasis on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Overweight and obesity are characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat mass. At the basis of excessive adipose tissue accumulation lies a persistent positive energy balance. Energy balance is generally considered a central physiological determinant of body weight regulation. Approaches that do not explicitly incorporate this principle may be associated with variable or unsustained outcomes. Available evidence suggests that, when an equivalent caloric deficit is achieved, differences in the timing of energy intake or in dietary patterns—such as intermittent fasting or low-carbohydrate diets—are not consistently associated with greater weight loss compared with other guideline-based dietary strategies. Some supplements supporting weight loss, in selected cases, may offer marginal support; however, based on the current state of scientific knowledge, no product represents an effective shortcut for weight loss. Full article

Ovarian cancer (OC) remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy worldwide, largely due to late-stage diagnosis and the absence of effective screening strategies. As a result, primary prevention is a critical approach to reducing disease burden. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on modifiable lifestyle, reproductive, and environmental factors associated with OC risk, based on a comprehensive PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science search conducted through April 2026. Consistent protective associations have been reported for reproductive factors, including parity, breastfeeding, oral contraceptive use, salpingectomy, and tubal ligation. Among lifestyle factors, excess body weight is modestly associated with increased OC risk, while evidence regarding physical activity remains inconclusive. Diets rich in fiber and aligned with a Mediterranean pattern appear protective, potentially through hormonal modulation and anti-inflammatory effects. In contrast, pro-inflammatory diets high in trans fats and refined carbohydrates may increase risk, whereas omega-3 fatty acids show potential protective benefits. Chronic pelvic inflammation, particularly related to Chlamydia trachomatis infection, has been linked to elevated epithelial OC risk. Smoking demonstrates a dose–response association with mucinous tumors. Environmental exposures, including genital talc use and endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as phthalates and bisphenols, have linked to a possible, albeit modest, increase in risk, although the causal mechanisms remain uncertain. Although individual associations are generally modest, their cumulative population impact may be substantial. Integrating lifestyle-based prevention strategies into gynecologic practice and public health initiatives could represent a cost-effective approach to reducing OC incidence and improving women’s health outcomes. Full article