Sustainable transport, such as using inland waterway transport (IWT), represents a major pillar of the European Green Deal to reduce global warming. To evaluate the different inland transport modes (road, rail, IWT), it is crucial to know the externa...
6 December 2019
To sustain in today’s ever-changing and competitive landscape, firms must work within and outside of their organizations’ boundaries. Open innovation (OI) strategies such as external technology acquisition (ETA), and external technology e...
Designing spacecraft involves a careful equilibrium to avoid overengineering or underdesigning, which underscores the importance of employing thermal uncertainty analysis. A key part of this analysis is modeling thermal conditions, but this is often...
Purpose: This study systematically reviews research on six emerging technologies in external auditing, Big Data, Blockchain, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Robotic Process Automation (RPA), to clarify what is curre...
This study examines the influence of the chemical nature and molecular structure of external electron-donor compounds on the slurry synthesis of isotactic polypropylene in a hydrocarbon diluent using a titanium–magnesium Ziegler–Natta cat...
3 January 2020
Hydropower development brings a very large number of external benefits which are enjoyed by the beneficiaries for free. These external benefits are defined and the beneficiaries are identified. Models to measure the external benefits are established...
The Greek fishing sector faces various challenges which can threaten its long-term sustainability. The PESTLE analysis is used to assess the impact of the external environment on the Greek fishing sector. According to our analysis, appropriate strate...
External collaboration is an effective way for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to improve innovation performance and obtain sustainable competitiveness. This study focuses on the influence of external collaboration on innovation performance...
This paper shows that a common form of external habit persistence, despite having much success in asset pricing, implies an extreme degree of conformity in investors’ portfolio choice. If an investor with this utility function uses US aggregate...
This study examines whether the external financing anomaly exists in an emerging-market setting. Using data on Korean listed firms from 1994 to 2023, we find that firms with higher net external financing subsequently earn significantly lower stock re...
In this work, the effect of the external load on the current and power generation, as well as on the pollutant removal by microbial fuel cells (MFCs), has been studied by step-wise modifying the external load. The load changes included a direct scan,...
A narrow linewidth tunable laser source is a critical component in various fields, including laser radar, quantum information, coherent communication, and precise measurement. Tunable external cavity diode lasers (ECDLs) demonstrate excellent perform...
In many circles, including in Poland, lignite is still viewed as a cheap source of energy, which is only possible if the external costs associated with mining and burning coal are not taken into account. In Poland, this is reflected in plans to open...
Narrow linewidth external cavity semiconductor lasers (NLECSLs) have many important applications, such as spectroscopy, metrology, biomedicine, holography, space laser communication, laser lidar and coherent detection, etc. Due to their high coherenc...
The impact of occupational and environmental exposure to external airborne agents on cognitive function, especially in incidence of dementia, is understudied. The present study was conducted to elucidate the association between severe external airbor...
We investigate how a fractional oscillator reacts to external forces when the dynamic law includes a damping term that is explicitly fractional. We show that the corresponding three-parametric fractional differential equation (in the Caputo sense) ad...
External cervical resorption is a relatively uncommon, often misdiagnosed, destructive form of external resorption. It consists of an uncontrolled growth of resorptive tissue and consequent loss of mineralized tooth tissue, in an apical direction. Th...
Although global food consumption costs more in terms of impact on human life than money is spent on it, health costs have not been consistently quantified or included in food prices to date. In this paper, a method to determine the external health co...
Gaze tracking systems usually utilize near-infrared (NIR) lights and NIR cameras, and the performance of such systems is mainly affected by external light sources that include NIR components. This is ascribed to the production of additional (imposter...
This study investigated the external costs of different transport modes and their implications for sustainable transport policy. Utilising the INCONE60 Cargo Flow Model, we quantified and compared road and maritime transport’s environmental and...
The supramolecular gelation of small molecules is typically preceded by an external stimulus to trigger the self-assembly. The need for this trigger stems from the metastable nature of most supramolecular gels and can limit their applicability. Herei...
Performing MR investigation on patients instrumented with external fixators is still controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of MR imaging of the knee structures in the presence of bridging external fixators. Different cadaver...
Biomass remains one of the most important materials for the production of renewable energy in the European Union. Willow can be one of the sources of biomass, and its production can also be profitable on soils with low quality. A proper selection of...
The property of external positivity of dynamic systems is commonly defined as the non-negativity of the output for all time under zero initial conditions and any given non-negative input for all time. This paper investigates the extension of that pro...
External ventricular drainage is often considered a life-saving treatment in acute hydrocephalus. Given the large number of discussion points, the ideal management of EVD has not been completely clarified. The objective of this study was to review th...
The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediation effects of external knowledge acquisition on the relationships between environments (dynamism, complexity, and hostility) and innovation. Although prior studies have extensively examined the r...
Legislative regulations have recognized the significance of board independence in enhancing the board’s role and strengthening its autonomy, which are among the key features that mitigate conflicts of interest between management and shareholder...
Large language models (LLMs) can store factual knowledge within their parameters and have achieved superior results in question-answering tasks. However, challenges persist in providing provenance for their decisions and keeping their knowledge up to...
Photocatalysis is one of the most promising green technologies to utilize solar energy for clean energy achievement and environmental governance, such as artificial photosynthesis, water splitting, pollutants degradation, etc. Despite decades of rese...
Assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) in suspensions is a promising approach for the control of optical and sensing properties that depend on the assembled states of plasmonic NPs. This review focuses on the controlling methods to assemble the NP...
The increased risk of cardiovascular disease in people with spinal cord injuries motivates work to identify exercise options that improve health outcomes without causing risk of musculoskeletal injury. Handcycling is an exercise mode that may be bene...
External transport costs are becoming an increasingly important factor in the choice of transport routes. According to sustainability principles, the first choice criterion should be the route with the least harmful impact on the environment and heal...
In this study, we assess the effects of the structural shocks on the external debt sustainability in Mongolia, based on an estimated small open economy (SOE) dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with the traded, the non-traded, and the...
This paper establishes an insider trading model under market supervision, which includes four types of trading entities: an insider trader, n external traders, noise traders, and market makers. The insider trader voluntarily discloses information to...
The primary objectives of transportation system development in European countries include improving transport efficiency, enhancing national economic competitiveness, and promoting sustainable mobility. A key aspect of achieving these goals is the ev...
External fixation is widely used in trauma care for managing bone and soft tissue injuries. These devices are often associated with psychological challenges and are often not followed up with sufficient psychological support for the patient. The spec...
Despite offering several potential benefits over standard prosthetic aortic valve replacement, the use of the pulmonary autograft has been limited to date due to concerns over the risk of pulmonary autograft expansion and the need for reintervention....
This paper aims to explore external auditors’ perception of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It investigates whether there is a perception among external auditors toward the contribution of AI to audit...
Currently, there is a growing number of businesses which organize their operations in the form of projects. One of the key success factors in the area of project management is building successful relationships with project stakeholders. Using stakeho...
The investigation of lakes’ vulnerability to external impacts is essential for understanding and potentially mitigating the threats they face. By studying how lakes are affected by external factors, such as pollution, climate change and human a...
External costs that are associated with air pollution, climate change linked to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and noise are among the most important environmental externalities that are generated by road transport, which have been well monetized. T...
Air travel induces substantial landside traffic through the movement of passengers, employees, suppliers, and cargo between airports and their surrounding regions. While this airport-induced landside traffic has received growing attention within airp...
Helicopters are widely used for air transportation and aerial work with cargo on external cables, one of the most challenging and dangerous uses. The main reason for the flight complication is the change in the controllability characteristics of the...
China’s renewable energy power has developed rapidly in recent years. Evaluating the external benefits of renewable energy power can provide a reference for the Chinese government to set diverse development goals and to implement differentiated suppo...
Switching to a new technological path is often a serious economic challenge for companies. Incumbents, in particular, are often led by their organizational routines, traditional technological orientation, and experience, and run the risk of losing co...
The significance of cost effectiveness in sustainable design has heightened over the past ten years due to the need for reducing building operational expenses and improving environmental quality. This paper determines life-cycle cost over a 20-year p...
An investigation into the dynamic states and relative intensity noise of laser diodes subjected to double optical feedback has been conducted. We employed modified and improved time-delay rate equations to account for double external optical feedback...
The internal–external composite meshing mechanism should be the best way to improve the transmission performance of a silent chain drive, but there is no internal–external composite meshing Hy-Vo chain under the classical design approach....
The aim of this study is to evaluate the course of the treatment and clinical and functional outcomes of femur lengthening in adolescents with congenital disorders by the application of different surgical methods. This retrospective study comprised 3...
This paper applies a methodology for computing external costs in an intermodal transport network that includes short sea shipping to explore the impact of external costs in its competitiveness. The network, which includes roads, freight railways, mar...
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