63 Results Found

According to the superposition principle, an extensive air shower initiated by a nucleus with energy E and mass number A can be approximated as the superposition of A proton-initiated showers each with energy $E/A$. The superposition principle for inte...

A conceptual design study is presented for a hemispherical, two-chamber water Cherenkov detector instrumented with bladder-embedded light traps. The detector consists of a rigid aluminium vessel enclosing a water volume that is divided into an outer,...

A study is made of the progressive ‘decoherence’ of cosmic ray extensive air-shower particle-detector signals in small air showers through measurements of coincidence rates for pairs of detectors versus the detector separation. Measuremen...

For the data on the observation times and directions of the motion of extensive air showers, which are observed at two stations of the GELATICA network, for the first time we apply the method we have developed previously for identifying pairs of mutu...

The device downscaling of electronic components has given rise to the need to consider specific failures in onboard airplane electronics. Single Event Effects (SEE) are a kind of failures that occur due to radiation in the atmosphere. For the purpose...

One of the main objectives of the CREDO project is to register cosmic-ray cascades in many distributed detectors in the search for so-called Cosmic-Ray Ensembles (CRE). This requires precise knowledge of the probability of detection of individual Ext...

The Astroneu array comprises 9 large charged particle detectors and 3 RF antennas arranged in three autonomous stations operating at the University Campus of the Hellenic Open University in the city of Patras. Each station of the array detects extens...

The CREDO-Maze project is the concept for a network of stations recording local, extensive cosmic ray air showers. Each station consists of four small scintillation detectors and a control unit that monitors the cosmic ray flux 24 h a day and transmi...

In this paper, we present the concept of local networks of small extensive air shower arrays installed mainly in secondary schools. As part of the CREDO-Maze Project, we plan to equip as many schools as possible with sets of detectors capable of dete...

Since 2014, the university campus of Hellenic Open University (HOU) has hosted the Astroneu array, which is dedicated to the detection of extensive air showers (EAS) induced by high-energy cosmic rays (CR). The Astroneu array incorporates 9 large par...

The design and construction of a small-area, low-cost educational cosmic ray telescope is presented. It can be operated in high-school classrooms or university laboratories. The telescope consists of three small-area scintillation detectors with all...

Astroneu is an array of autonomous extensive air shower detection stations deployed at the Hellenic Open University (HOU) campus on the outskirts of Patras in Western Greece. In the first phase of operation, nine scintillators detectors and three rad...

The Large Hadron Collider forward (LHCf) experiment studies the production of neutral particles in the very forward region of high-energy hadronic collisions at the LHC. These measurements provide essential calibration data for hadronic interaction m...

The effect of a tendency toward coplanarity of sub-cores in gamma-ray–hadron families, observed in high-mountainous and stratospheric experiments with X-ray emulsion chambers at super-high energies, is discussed. Based on simulations within the...

The SPHERE project studies primary cosmic rays by detection of the Cherenkov light of extensive air showers reflected from the snow covered surface of the earth. Measurements with the aerial-based detector SPHERE-2 were performed in 2011–2013....

A number of phenomena were observed in experiments on the study of cosmic rays at mountain altitudes and in the stratosphere at ultra-high energies; in particular, the coplanarity of the most energetic particles and local subcascades in the so-called...

The existence of independent, yet time correlated, Extensive Air Showers (EAS) has been discussed over the past years, with emphasis on possible physical mechanisms that could justify their observation. The detector network of the Extreme Energy Even...

The study describes the experimental complex of the station located in the Tien Shan mountains at an elevation of 3340 m above sea level. The complex consists of detectors of different types scattered across the station area, such as scintillation pa...

The Cosmic Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) pursues a global research strategy dedicated to the search for correlated cosmic rays, so-called Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE). Its general approach to CRE detection does not involve any a priori...

The Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) was established to detect and study ultra high-energy cosmic ray particles. In addition to making use of traditional methods for finding rare and extended cosmic ray events such as professional...

For further investigation of the properties of the muon component in the core regions of extensive air showers (EASs), a new underground hodoscopic set-up with a total sensitive area of 22 m² was built at the Tien Shan High Mountain Cosmic Ray Statio...

Cherenkov radiation is a widely used detection mechanism in high-energy and astroparticle physics experiments, particularly in water-based detectors operated by leading cosmic-ray observatories. Its popularity stems from its robustness, cost-effectiv...

The JEM-EUSO program aims to study ultra-high energy cosmic rays from space. To achieve this goal, it has realized a series of experiments installed on the ground (EUSO-TA), various on stratospheric balloons (with the most recent one EUSO-SPB2), and...

The Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) is a newly formed, global collaboration dedicated to observing and studying cosmic rays (CR) and cosmic-ray ensembles (CRE): groups of at least two CR with a common primary interaction vertex o...

Monte Carlo simulations of induced extensive air showers (EASs) by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays are widely used in comparison with measured events at experiments to estimate the main cosmic ray characteristics, such as mass, energy, and arrival dire...

To study EAS cores (beams of most energetic particles near the shower axis) at E₀ ≳ 10¹⁵ eV (√s ≳ 2 TeV), which carry the most valuable information about the types of primary particles and the characteristics of their interactions i...

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the world’s largest operating detection system for the observation of ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), with energies above ${10}^{17}$ eV. The detector allows detailed measurements of the energy spectrum, mass...

The Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) is a project dedicated to global studies of extremely extended cosmic-ray phenomena, the cosmic-ray ensembles (CRE), beyond the capabilities of existing detectors and observatories. Up to date,...

We present an open, scripted reconstruction pipeline for the ADRON-55 ionization calorimeter at the Tien Shan station (3340 m a.s.l.) and apply it to $2.9\times {10}^5$ events from 2021 and 2023. It assembles overlapping chamber sections, applies data-dri...

Cosmic rays are relativistic particles that come to the Earth from outer space. Despite a great effort made in both experimental and theoretical research, their origin is still unknown. One of the main keys to understand their nature is the determina...

Cosmic rays represent one of the most important energy transformation processes of the universe. They bring information about the surrounding universe, our galaxy, and very probably also the extragalactic space, at least at the highest observed energ...

In this paper we infer the mass composition of the ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) from measurements of $X_{\max }$ distributions recorded at the Pierre Auger (2014) and Telescope Array (TA) (2016) Observatories, by fitting them with all possible com...

The $\mathsf{\mu }$PPET [mu($\mathsf{\mu }$)on Probe with J-PET] project aims to investigate the “Muon Puzzle” seen in cosmic ray air showers. This puzzle arises from the observation of a significantly larger number of muons on Earth’s surface than that...

Small detector arrays, which are designed to record relatively small EAS with energy in the ‘knee’ region, are often equipped with clocks that measure the time difference between fast signals from several detectors, as well as spectrometr...

High-energy physics in the atmosphere (HEPA) has undergone an intense reformation in the last decade. Correlated measurements of particle fluxes modulated by strong atmospheric electric fields, simultaneous measurements of the disturbances of the nea...

Phenomena have been observed in mountain high-energy cosmic-ray experiments, namely, a delayed absorption of high-energy cascades initiated by cosmic-ray hadrons in a lead absorber at $E_0\gtrsim {10}^{14} \mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$ (so-called long-flying component), a c...

In high-altitude experiments to study the central cores of EAS at E₀ ≳ 10¹⁶ eV (√s ≳ 5 TeV) using X-ray emulsion chambers and ionization calorimeters, phenomena such as the coplanarity of the arrival of the most energetic particles...

The evolution of extensive air shower detection as a technique for $\gamma$-ray astronomical instrumentation for the last three decades is reviewed. The first discoveries of galactic PeVatrons by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory demonstrate th...

The main goal of this work is to adapt a Physics problem to the Machine Learning (ML) domain and to compare several techniques to solve it. The problem consists of how to perform muon count from the signal registered by particle detectors which recor...

Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are extremely rare energetic particles of ordinary matter in the Universe, traveling astronomical distances before reaching the Earth’s atmosphere. When primary cosmic rays interact with atmospheric nuclei...

Observations of Very High Energy (VHE) gamma ray sources using the ground-based Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) play a pivotal role in understanding the non-thermal energetic phenomena and acceleration processes under extreme astroph...

We compared two methods for determining the detector performance and the cosmic ray small-surface array aperture. The comparison was performed using the GELATICA network station at Telavi Iakob Gogebashvili State University (hereafter TEL) as an exam...

The standard first-level trigger in the Pierre Auger Observatory surface detectors (data analysis in FPGAs immediately after digitization in ADCs) was developed when FPGAs were relatively simple and expensive. Thus, the algorithms developed in the 19...

Both the lack of observation of ultra-high energy (UHE) photons and the limitations of the state-of-the-art methodology being applied for their identification motivate studies on alternative approaches to the relevant simulations and the related obse...

Swimming pools are used around the world for recreational, rehabilitation and physical activity. From an energy and environmental standpoint, grey water as a waste thermal potential of swimming pools is a valuable heat source produced continuously in...

In recent years, there has been a huge increase in air travel, both for business and leisure. For this reason, entities such as the European Commission and the International Committee on Radiological Protection have provided several recommendations f...

This work describes the development of the Multi-channel Integrated Zone-sampling Analogue-memory based Readout (MIZAR) ASIC. This 64-channel chip was designed as part of NASA’s POEMMA Balloon with RADIO (PBR) mission, which aims to detect Ultr...

The orbital detector TUS (Tracking Ultraviolet Setup) with high sensitivity in near-visible ultraviolet (tens of photons per time sample of 0.8 $\mathsf{\mu }$ s of wavelengths 300–400 nm from a detector’s pixel field of view) and the microseco...

Reliable cosmic-ray measurements require a thorough understanding of the detector used. It is especially important when detectors are very simple like the scintillator detectors considered in this work, which provide only information about the amplit...

The distinction of secondary particles in extensive air showers, specifically muons and electrons, is one of the requirements to perform a good measurement of the composition of primary cosmic rays. We describe two methods for pulse shape detection a...