Alongside well-researched themes such as water and moisture, the service life and function of masonry veneers are often compromised by precipitation combined with poor design considerations, execution, and selection of materials. Little research has...
Extreme events such as tropical cyclones frequently occur in coastal areas in China. With high wind speeds and rainfall during such extreme events, the vehicles on sea-crossing bridges may face severe instability problems. In this study, the dynamics...
LiDAR sensors are becoming more common and are going to be widely adopted in vehicles in the future by reducing the production cost of the time-of-flight units. Manufacturers are uncertain about the placement, cover material, and shape of the assembl...
This study investigates the impact of extreme weather conditions (specifically heavy rain and fog) on drivers’ situational awareness by analyzing variations in illumination levels. The primary objective is to identify optimal color wavelengths...
Safety validation of automated driving functions is a major challenge that is partly tackled by means of simulation-based testing. The virtual validation approach always entails the modeling of automotive perception sensors and their environment. In...
Facades play an important role in building performance and durability since these systems, one of the most external elements, are highly exposed to climatic degradation agents. The degradation process evolves over time, causing anomalies and performa...
Aerogel-based coating mortars are energy-efficient composites with thermal conductivities of 30–50 mW/(m·K). They are useful when retrofitting uninsulated building envelopes, particularly in listed masonry buildings, as shown in studies....
Currently there is gaining interest in pre-compressed foam sealing tapes to seal joints watertight between different building envelope components. Little to no information is available on the parameters affecting the resistance of these foam tapes to...
Weather conditions affect biocides on exposed outer surfaces on constructions. Contact with water causes hydrolysis and leaching of substances. Ultraviolet radiation may induce photolysis. As a result, a mixture of biocidal active substances and tran...
Lately, a new technical solution, pre-compressed joint sealing tapes in precast concrete sandwich panel facades, has been introduced in Sweden. Although the consequences of performance failure can go far beyond the component, affecting the building,...
This study addresses the limitations of conventional highway visibility monitoring under rain–fog conditions, where fixed stations and visibility sensors provide limited spatial coverage and unstable accuracy. Considering that drivers’ vi...
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is widely used in autonomous vehicles to obtain precise 3D information about surrounding road environments. However, under bad weather conditions, such as rain, snow, and fog, LiDAR-detection performance is reduced...
Car following is a common and important behavior in vehicle traffic flow, and the fluctuation of car-following behavior caused by the change in weather environment has also become one of the main causes of traffic accidents. To solve this problem, a...
This article introduces a new type of on-site non-destructive testing instrument for the impermeability measurement of walls. The research and development of this instrument is based on the water drenching method. The influence of symmetry is mainly...
Light Detection And Ranging sensors (lidar) are key to autonomous driving, but their data is severely impacted by weather events (rain, fog, snow). To increase the safety and availability of self-driving vehicles, the analysis of the phenomena conseq...
Driving rain or ‘wind-driven rain’ (WDR) arrives at the ground on an oblique trajectory, and drops may strike at a speed greater than their still-air terminal velocity. Oblique rain can affect a range of geomorphic processes including the...
This study evaluated a method of applying color temperature convertible headlamps to improve driving safety in adverse weather conditions such as fog and rain during night driving. The concept of color temperature convertible headlamps is to improve...
Robust, fast and reliable examination of the surroundings is essential for further advancements in autonomous driving and robotics. Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera sensors are a key technology to measure surrounding objects and their distances on a pixel...
Research on the effect of adverse weather conditions on the performance of vision-based algorithms for automotive tasks has had significant interest. It is generally accepted that adverse weather conditions reduce the quality of captured images and h...
Image deraining remains a critical challenge in computer vision, as rain streaks significantly degrade visual quality by introducing complex patterns that overlay scene content, impeding applications from autonomous driving to surveillance systems. E...
Rainstorms and blizzards are common extreme weather events occurring in the eastern Tibet region. Their complex dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms present challenges for regional meteorological research and forecasting. Based on station observation...
Sensor degradation poses a significant challenge in autonomous driving. During heavy rainfall, interference from raindrops can adversely affect the quality of LiDAR point clouds, resulting in, for instance, inaccurate point measurements. This, in tur...
To better understand the characteristics and causes of acid rain pollution in Huangshan City, China, in the context of reduced atmospheric pollutant emissions, this study systematically analyzes precipitation monitoring data from Huangshan City for t...
Autonomous driving technology is developing rapidly, particularly in vision-based approaches that rely on cameras to monitor the environment. However, one of the critical challenges for autonomous vehicles is the ability to adapt to different weather...
In autonomous driving, object detection is considered a base step to many subsequent processes. However, object detection is challenged by loss in visibility caused by rain. Rainfall occurs in two main forms, which are streaks and streaks accumulatio...
An automated vehicle performs self-driving by utilizing information gathered through sensors attached to the vehicle. Sensor accuracy is thus mentioned as the major technology for enhancing driving safety. However, since urban centers are replete wit...
Acid rain alters soil chemistry significantly and is a key driver of heavy metal pollution. This study investigates the environmental impact of acid rain-induced heavy metal migration in the Siding Lead–Zinc mining area in south China. Tailings...
External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) with Rendering are widely used in both rehabilitation and new building projects, even in areas with harsh climates such as the western regions of Norway. However, we have seen extensive cases of d...
Perception is a vital part of driving. Every year, the loss in visibility due to snow, fog, and rain causes serious accidents worldwide. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the impact of weather conditions on perception performance while drivin...
The Yarlung Zangbo River Basin (YZRB) is an important transboundary river basin in Tibet, China with south Asian countries. Changes in precipitation are important driving factors of river flow changes. Extreme Precipitation Events (EPE), in particula...
Energy retrofit of existing masonry buildings has become attractive to meet demands for reduction in energy consumption. Retrofit may, however, introduce moisture risk that needs to be assessed. Hygrothermal simulation analysis is often conducted in...
With advances in the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs), more attention has been paid to the effects caused by adverse weather conditions. It is well known that the performance of self-driving vehicles is reduced when they are exposed to stress...
Robust traffic sign detection is essential for reliable autonomous driving systems; however, detection performance can be substantially affected by adverse environmental conditions. Although simulation-based approaches are widely used to evaluate rob...
Information regarding the conditions of roads is a safety concern when driving. In Bangkok, public weather sensors such as weather stations and rain sensors are insufficiently available to provide such information. On the other hand, a number of exis...
Drivers are vulnerable to inclement weather such as heavy rainstorms and severe rain-induced waterlogging. A thorough investigation of drivers’ driving behavior during rainstorms and waterlogging is a strong basis on which characteristics of tr...
Computer vision technology is increasingly being used in areas such as intelligent security and autonomous driving. Users need accurate and reliable visual information, but the images obtained under severe weather conditions are often disturbed by ra...
Rainfall-runoff modelling is a useful tool for water resources management. This study presents a simple daily rainfall-runoff model, based on the water balance equation, which we apply to the 11,630 km2 Lesser Zab catchment in northeast Iraq. The mod...
In an ever-changing driving environment where vehicles are becoming smarter, more autonomous, and more connected, a paradigmatic change in signals for drivers might be required. This need is correlated with road safety (social sustainability). There...
Young and novice drivers have the highest representation of driver injuries and fatalities. While driver education provides in-class and in-car exposure to the driving environment, the use of driving simulators can further expose challenging driving...
The moisture load in wall assemblies is typically considered as 1% of the Wind Driving Rain (WDR) load that is deposited on the surface of wall assemblies as specified in the ASHRAE-160 standard whereas this ratio has been shown to be inaccurate as c...
The shift from manual to conditionally automated driving, supported by Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADASs), introduces challenges, particularly increased crash risks due to human factors like cognitive overload. Driving simulators provide a s...
The aim of this study was to identify the major variables identified as important for considering the stabilization of slope revegetation based on hydroseeding applications and evaluate weights of each variable using the analytic hierarchy process (A...
With the emergence of autonomous functions in road vehicles, there has been increased use of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems comprising various sensors to perform automated tasks. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is one of the most important ty...
The Long-Rains wet season of March–May (MAM) over Kenya in 2018 was one of the wettest on record. This paper examines the nature, causes, impacts, and predictability of the rainfall events, and considers the implications for flood risk management. Th...
Image processing plays a crucial role in improving the performance of models in various fields such as autonomous driving, surveillance cameras, and multimedia. However, capturing ideal images under favorable lighting conditions is not always feasibl...
Flooding is a prevalent natural disaster with both short and long-term social, economic, and infrastructure impacts. Changes in intensity and frequency of precipitation (including rain, snow, and rain-on-snow) events create challenges for the plannin...
Establishing food security in sub-Saharan African countries requires a comprehensive and high resolution understanding of the driving factors of crop production. Poor soil and adverse climate conditions are among the major drivers of poor regional cr...
The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed framework to use the spatiotemporal kriging to model the space-time variability of precipitation data in Paraíba, which is located in the northeastern region of Brazil (NEB). The NEB is characterize...
Precipitation plays a key control in the water, energy, and carbon cycles, and it is also an important driving force for land surface modeling. This study provides an optimal least squares merging approach to merge precipitation data sets from multip...
Vehicle safety promises to be one of the Advanced Driver Assistance System’s (ADAS) biggest benefits. Higher levels of automation remove the human driver from the chain of events that can lead to a crash. Sensors play an influential role in veh...
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